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Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that pollutes the environment. One of the methods to resolve Cu pollutants is phytoremediation; which is the utilization of plants to absorb pollutants. Lanceleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia) is proven to absorb copper. Metal absorption and translocation mechanism in plants have not been understood in more detail. This study aims to determine the ability of lanceleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia) and the translocation factor in copper (Cu) phytoremediation. This study is an experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiment was conducted with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were distinguished based on differences in the concentration of Cu used: 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L. The concentration of Cu in the media and plant was measured for two weeks and four weeks, respectively. The results indicated that the value of the translocation factor at two weeks of exposure ranged from 0.57 to 0.6, while that at four weeks of exposure ranged from 1.5 to 2.33. Furthermore, at two weeks of exposure, the average metal loss ranged from 0.49 to 0.89 ppm, while that at four weeks of exposure ranged from 0.64 to 1.97 ppm. The highest effectiveness value of 66% was obtained in the three ppm treatment with four weeks of exposure. Meanwhile, the lowest effectiveness value of 30% was obtained in the three ppm treatment with two weeks of exposure. In addition, Sagittaria lancifolia was influential in the phytoremediation of copper (Cu) and could translocate metal into their tissues at four weeks of exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sempu Island Nature Reserve (CAPS) in East Java is one of the nature reserves in Indonesia. On this island, there are various native Indonesian vegetation, including mangroves. One of the biological functions of mangrove plants is as a shelter for marine species, wave breaker, and as a phytoremediator to prevent water pollution. This research is an exploratory study that aims to discover the diversity of mangrove species on Sempu Island and evaluate their potential as heavy metal phytoremediator using the literature review method. The exploration was conducted in July 2022 on three different locations on Sempu Island, which are Semut Bay, Ra'as Bay, and Freshwater area. In conclusion, eight species have been identified as true mangrove species in Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java. Such as Aegiceras corniculatum, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Heritiera littoralis, Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Xylocarpus granatum, which originate from five families and six genera. Furthermore, Ceriops decandra has a conservation status of "Near Threatened." The study also revealed that the mangrove forest in Semut Bay offers better zonation compared to Ra'as Bay and Freshwater. Importantly, after conducting literature review, it shows that all mangrove species discovered have the potential to remediate waters polluted by heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Cr.