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The effectiveness of physiotherapist-led Cognitive Behavioural Interventions (CBI) with or without physiotherapy is still unclear. This systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022321073) aims to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapist-led CBI with or without physiotherapy in comparison to physiotherapy alone on quality of life, disabilities and catastrophization. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PEDro were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigate the use of CBI versus conventional physiotherapy in chronic NSLBP. To be included CBI had to be performed by a physiotherapist. The primary and secondary outcomes were respectively quality of life and disability. Fourteen studies were included in qualitative analysis, in which 4 did not meet the PEDro score of 6 or higher. Pooled standardized mean differences from 3 studies showed no difference in quality of life between groups for mental and physical sub-scores at 3 months (SMD 0.02, 95% CI –0.17 to 0.21 and SMD 0.07, 95% CI –0.12 to 0.26 respectively). Pooled standardized mean differences from 9 studies showed no difference in disability between groups at 3, 6 and 12 months (SMD = - 0.40, CI 95% −0.80 to 0.01; SMD -0.18, CI 95% = −0.41 to 0.05; and SMD -0.24, CI 95% = −0.48 to 0.00 respectively). Results of CBI, especially cognitive functional therapy, seem promising in disability management despite a substantial heterogeneity. Furthermore, we found no difference in quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• After COVID-19 infection, symptoms such as dyspnoea may persist. • In respiratory diseases, dyspnoea reduces health-related quality of life. • Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are both currently recommended in this context. • A 3-month course of exercise training rehabilitation (ETR) decreased dyspnoea. • Standard physiotherapy was not found to reduce dyspnoea or improve quality of life. COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) is a severe evolution of the Sars-Cov-2 infection and necessitates intensive care. COVID-19 may subsequently be associated with long COVID, whose symptoms can include persistent respiratory symptoms up to 1 year later. Rehabilitation is currently recommended by most guidelines for people with this condition. To evaluate the effects of exercise training rehabilitation (ETR) on dyspnoea and health-related quality of life measures in people with continuing respiratory discomfort following CARDS. In this multicentre, two-arm, parallel, open, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial, we enroled adults previously admitted with CARDS to 3 French intensive care units who had been discharged at least 3 months earlier and who presented with an mMRC dyspnoea scale score > 1. Participants received either ETR or standard physiotherapy (SP) for 90 days. The primary outcome was dyspnoea, as measured by the Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile (MDP), at day 0 (inclusion) and after 90 days of physiotherapy. Secondary outcomes were the mMRC and 12-item Short-Form Survey scores. Between August 7, 2020, and January 26, 2022, 487 participants with CARDS were screened for inclusion, of whom 60 were randomly assigned to receive either ETR (n = 27) or SP (n = 33). Mean MDP following ETR was 42% lower than after SP (26.15 vs. 44.76); a difference of -18.61 (95% CI -27.78 to -9.44; p <10−4). People who were still suffering from breathlessness three months after being discharged from hospital with CARDS had significantly improved dyspnoea scores when treated with ETR therapy for 90 days unlike those who only received SP. Study registered 29/09/2020 on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04569266). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]