Author: "Benziger, J." / Topic: physics - instrumentation and detectors - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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47 results on '"Benziger, J."'

1. Novel techniques for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in Borexino

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacintov, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino could efficiently distinguish between alpha and beta radiation in its liquid scintillator by the characteristic time profile of their scintillation pulse. This alpha/beta discrimination, first demonstrated at the tonne scale in the Counting Test Facility prototype, was used throughout the lifetime of the experiment between 2007 and 2021. With this method, alpha events are identified and subtracted from the beta-like solar neutrino events. This is particularly important in liquid scintillator as alpha scintillation is quenched many-fold. In Borexino, the prominent Po-210 decay peak was a background in the energy range of electrons scattered from Be-7 solar neutrinos. Optimal alpha-beta discrimination was achieved with a "multi-layer perceptron neural network", which its higher ability to leverage the timing information of the scintillation photons detected by the photomultiplier tubes. An event-by-event, high efficiency, stable, and uniform pulse shape discrimination was essential in characterising the spatial distribution of background in the detector. This benefited most Borexino measurements, including solar neutrinos in the \pp chain and the first direct observation of the CNO cycle in the Sun. This paper presents the key milestones in alpha/beta discrimination in Borexino as a term of comparison for current and future large liquid scintillator detectors, Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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2. Final results of Borexino on CNO solar neutrinos

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the first measurement of CNO solar neutrinos by Borexino that uses the Correlated Integrated Directionality (CID) method, exploiting the sub-dominant Cherenkov light in the liquid scintillator detector. The directional information of the solar origin of the neutrinos is preserved by the fast Cherenkov photons from the neutrino scattered electrons, and is used to discriminate between signal and background. The directional information is independent from the spectral information on which the previous CNO solar neutrino measurements by Borexino were based. While the CNO spectral analysis could only be applied on the Phase-III dataset, the directional analysis can use the complete Borexino data taking period from 2007 to 2021. The absence of CNO neutrinos has been rejected with >5{\sigma} credible level using the Bayesian statistics. The directional CNO measurement is obtained without an external constraint on the $^{210}$Bi contamination of the liquid scintillator, which was applied in the spectral analysis approach. The final and the most precise CNO measurement of Borexino is then obtained by combining the new CID-based CNO result with an improved spectral fit of the Phase-III dataset. Including the statistical and the systematic errors, the extracted CNO interaction rate is $R(\mathrm{CNO})=6.7^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \, \mathrm{cpd/100 \, tonnes}$. Taking into account the neutrino flavor conversion, the resulting CNO neutrino flux at Earth is $\Phi_\mathrm{CNO}=6.7 ^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \times 10^8 \, \mathrm{cm^{-2} s^{-1}}$, in agreement with the high metallicity Standard Solar Models. The results described in this work reinforce the role of the event directional information in large-scale liquid scintillator detectors and open up new avenues for the next-generation liquid scintillator or hybrid neutrino experiments.
Published: 2023
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3. Status and prospects of SABRE North

Author: Mariani, A., Benziger, J. B., Calaprice, F., Copello, S., Dafinei, I., D'Angelo, D., D'Imperio, G., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Giacinto, A., Di Ludovico, A., Ianna, M., Ianni, A., Milana, S., Orlandi, D., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Rahatlou, S., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Vignoli, C., and Zani, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the characterization of a low background NaI(Tl) crystal for the SABRE North experiment. The crystal NaI-33, was studied in two different setups at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The Proof-of-Principle (PoP) detector was equipped with a liquid scintillator veto and collected data for about one month (90 kg$\times$days). The PoP-dry setup consisted of NaI-33 in a purely passive shielding and collected data for almost one year (891 kg$\times$days). The average background in the energy region of interest (1-6 keV) for dark matter search was 1.20 $\pm$ 0.05 and 1.39 $\pm$ 0.02 counts/day/kg/keV within the PoP and the PoP-dry setup, respectively. This result opens to a new shielding design for the physics phase of the SABRE North detector, that does not foresee the use of an organic liquid scintillator external veto., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2205.13876
Published: 2022

4. Performance of the SABRE detector module in a purely passive shielding

Author: Calaprice, F., Benziger, J. B., Copello, S., Dafinei, I., D'Angelo, D., D'Imperio, G., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Giacinto, A., Di Ludovico, A., Ianna, M., Ianni, A., Mariani, A., Milana, S., Orlandi, D., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Rahatlou, S., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Vignoli, C., and Zani, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present here a characterization of the low background NaI(Tl) crystal NaI-33 based on a period of almost one year of data taking (891 kgxdays exposure) in a detector configuration with no use of organic scintillator veto. This remarkably radio-pure crystal already showed a low background in the SABRE Proof-of-Principle (PoP) detector, in the low energy region of interest (1-6 keV) for the search of dark matter interaction via the annual modulation signature. As the vetoable background components, such as $^{40}$K, are here sub-dominant, we reassembled the PoP setup with a fully passive shielding. We upgraded the selection of events based on a Boosted Decision Tree algorithm that rejects most of the PMT-induced noise while retaining scintillation signals with > 90% efficiency in 1-6 keV. We find an average background of 1.39 $\pm$ 0.02 counts/day/kg/keV in the region of interest and a spectrum consistent with data previously acquired in the PoP setup, where the external veto background suppression was in place. Our background model indicates that the dominant background component is due to decays of $^{210}$Pb, only partly residing in the crystal itself. The other location of $^{210}$Pb is the reflector foil that wraps the crystal. We now proceed to design the experimental setup for the physics phase of the SABRE North detector, based on an array of similar crystals, using a low radioactivity PTFE reflector and further improving the passive shielding strategy, in compliance with the new safety and environmental requirements of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022
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5. First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos through the use of their associated Cherenkov radiation, performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The measurement is achieved using a novel technique that correlates individual photon hits of events to the known position of the Sun. In an energy window between 0.54 MeV to 0.74 MeV, selected using the dominant scintillation light, we have measured 10887$^{+2386}_{-2103} (\mathrm{stat.})\pm 947 (\mathrm{syst.})$ ($68\%$ confidence interval) solar neutrinos out of 19904 total events. This corresponds to a $^{7}$Be neutrino interaction rate of 51.6$^{+13.9}_{-12.5}$ counts/(day$\cdot$ 100 ton), which is in agreement with the Standard Solar Model predictions and the previous spectroscopic results of Borexino. The no-neutrino hypothesis can be excluded with $>$5$\sigma$ confidence level. For the first time, we have demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the directional Cherenkov information for sub-MeV solar neutrinos, in a large-scale, high light yield liquid scintillator detector. This measurement provides an experimental proof of principle for future hybrid event reconstruction using both Cherenkov and scintillation signatures simultaneously., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, short letter of arXiv:2109.04770
Published: 2021
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6. Correlated and Integrated Directionality for sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The benefit of a high light yield, and thus a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution, comes at the cost of the directional information featured by water Cherenkov detectors, measuring $^8$B solar neutrinos above a few MeV. In this paper we provide the first directionality measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos which exploits the correlation between the first few detected photons in each event and the known position of the Sun for each event. This is also the first signature of directionality in neutrinos elastically scattering off electrons in a liquid scintillator target. This measurement exploits the sub-dominant, fast Cherenkov light emission that precedes the dominant yet slower scintillation light signal. Through this measurement, we have also been able to extract the rate of $^{7}$Be solar neutrinos in Borexino. The demonstration of directional sensitivity in a traditional liquid scintillator target paves the way for the possible exploitation of the Cherenkov light signal in future kton-scale experiments using liquid scintillator targets. Directionality is important for background suppression as well as the disentanglement of signals from various sources., Comment: 19 pages, 15 Figures, revised version after comments from PRD Referees, shorter letter submitted with the title: "First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino"
Published: 2021
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7. Identification of the cosmogenic $^{11}$C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacintio, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singha, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $^{11}$C decays outnumber solar $pep$ and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. Highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory for these neutrino analyses. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $^{11}$C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012-2016) and III (2016-2020) data sets, with a $^{11}$C tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % and $\sim$63-66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $^{11}$C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $^{11}$C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $\sim$66-68 %., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures (but 15 files, one figure being made of 2 images), 3 tables
Published: 2021
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8. The Low Polonium Field of Borexino and its significance for the CNO neutrino detection

Author: Kumaran, S., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionale del Gran Sasso, Italy with the main goal to measure solar neutrinos. The experiment recently provided the first direct experimental evidence of CNO-cycle neutrinos in the Sun, rejecting the no-CNO signal hypothesis with a significance greater than 5$\sigma$ at 99\%C.L. The intrinsic $^{210}$Bi is an important background for this analysis due to its similar spectral shape to that of CNO neutrinos. $^{210}$Bi can be measured through its daughter $^{210}$Po which can be distinguished through an event-by-event basis via pulse shape discrimination. However, this required reducing the convective motions in the scintillator that brought additional $^{210}$Po from peripheral sources. This was made possible through the thermal insulation and stabilization campaign performed between 2015 and 2016. This article will explain the strategy and the different methods performed to extract the $^{210}$Bi upper limit in Phase-III (Jul 2016- Feb 2020) of the experiment through the analysis of $^{210}$Po in the cleanest region of the detector called the Low Polonium Field., Comment: Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2021

9. Characterization of SABRE crystal NaI-33 with direct underground counting

Author: Antonello, M., Arnquist, I. J., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., Calaprice, F., Copello, S., Dafinei, I., D'Angelo, D., D'Imperio, G., D'Incecco, M., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Giacinto, A., Di Ludovico, A., Dix, W., Duffy, A. R., Hoppe, E., Ianni, A., Iannone, M., Ioannucci, L., Krishnan, S., Lane, G. J., Mahmood, I., Mariani, A., Milana, S., Mould, J., Nuti, F., Orlandi, D., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Rahatlou, S., Scutti, F., Souza, M., Stuchbery, A. E., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Urquijo, P., Vignoli, C., Wallner, A., Wada, M., Williams, A. G., Zani, A., and Zurowski, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystals are the key element for a model-independent verification of the long standing DAMA result and a powerful means to search for the annual modulation signature of dark matter interactions. The SABRE collaboration has been developing cutting-edge techniques for the reduction of intrinsic backgrounds over several years. In this paper we report the first characterization of a 3.4 kg crystal, named NaI-33, performed in an underground passive shielding setup at LNGS. NaI-33 has a record low $^{39}$K contamination of 4.3$\pm$0.2 ppb as determined by mass spectrometry. We measured a light yield of 11.1$\pm$0.2 photoelectrons/keV and an energy resolution of 13.2% (FWHM/E) at 59.5 keV. We evaluated the activities of $^{226}$Ra and $^{228}$Th inside the crystal to be $5.9\pm0.6 \mu$Bq/kg and $1.6\pm0.3 \mu$Bq/kg, respectively, which would indicate a contamination from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th at part-per-trillion level. We measured an activity of 0.51$\pm$0.02 mBq/kg due to $^{210}$Pb out of equilibrium and a $\alpha$ quenching factor of 0.63$\pm$0.01 at 5304 keV. We illustrate the analyses techniques developed to reject electronic noise in the lower part of the energy spectrum. A cut-based strategy and a multivariate approach indicated a rate, attributed to the intrinsic radioactivity of the crystal, of $\sim$1 count/day/kg/keV in the [5-20] keV region.
Published: 2020
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10. Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Collaboration, G. Zuzel. The BOREXINO
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, G.3.1
Abstract: For most of their existence stars are fueled by the fusion of hydrogen into helium proceeding via two theoretically well understood processes, namely the $pp$ chain and the CNO cycle. Neutrinos emitted along such fusion processes in the solar core are the only direct probe of the deep interior of the star. A complete spectroscopy of neutrinos from the {\it pp} chain, producing about 99\% of the solar energy, has already been performed \cite{bib:Nature-2018}. Here, we report the direct observation, with a high statistical significance, of neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle in the Sun. This is the first experimental evidence of this process obtained with the unprecedentedly radio-pure large-volume liquid-scintillator Borexino detector located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main difficulty of this experimental effort is to identify the excess of the few counts per day per 100 tonnes of target due to CNO neutrino interactions above the backgrounds. A novel method to constrain the rate of \bi contaminating the scintillator relies on the thermal stabilisation of the detector achieved over the past 5 years. In the CNO cycle, the hydrogen fusion is catalyzed by the carbon (C) - nitrogen (N) - oxygen (O) and thus its rate, as well as the flux of emitted CNO neutrinos, directly depends on the abundance of these elements in solar core. Therefore, this result paves the way to a direct measurement of the solar metallicity by CNO neutrinos. While this result quantifies the relative contribution of the CNO fusion in the Sun to be of the order of 1\%, this process is dominant in the energy production of massive stars. The occurrence of the primary mechanism for the stellar conversion of hydrogen into helium in the Universe has been proven., Comment: 43 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2020
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11. Sensitivity to neutrinos from the solar CNO cycle in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrinos emitted in the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (CNO) fusion cycle in the Sun are a sub-dominant, yet crucial component of solar neutrinos whose flux has not been measured yet. The Borexino experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) has a unique opportunity to detect them directly thanks to the detector's radiopurity and the precise understanding of the detector backgrounds. We discuss the sensitivity of Borexino to CNO neutrinos, which is based on the strategies we adopted to constrain the rates of the two most relevant background sources, pep neutrinos from the solar pp-chain and Bi-210 beta decays originating in the intrinsic contamination of the liquid scintillator with Pb-210. Assuming the CNO flux predicted by the high-metallicity Standard Solar Model and an exposure of 1000 daysx71.3 t, Borexino has a median sensitivity to CNO neutrino higher than 3 sigma. With the same hypothesis the expected experimental uncertainty on the CNO neutrino flux is 23%, provided the uncertainty on the independent estimate of the Bi-210 interaction rate is 1.5 cpd/100t. Finally, we evaluated the expected uncertainty of the C and N abundances and the expected discrimination significance between the high and low metallicity Standard Solar Models (HZ and LZ) with future more precise measurement of the CNO solar neutrino flux., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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12. Search for low-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on searches for neutrinos and antineutrinos from astrophysical sources performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$) are detected in an organic liquid scintillator through the inverse $\beta$-decay reaction. In the present work we set model-independent upper limits in the energy range 1.8-16.8 MeV on neutrino fluxes from unknown sources that improve our previous results, on average, by a factor 2.5. Using the same data set, we first obtain experimental constraints on the diffuse supernova $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes in the previously unexplored region below 8 MeV. A search for $\bar{\nu}_e$ in the solar neutrino flux is also presented: the presence of $\bar{\nu}_e$ would be a manifestation of a non-zero anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino, making possible its conversion to antineutrinos in the strong magnetic field of the Sun. We obtain a limit for a solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux of 384 cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (90% C.L.), assuming an undistorted solar $^{8}$B neutrinos energy spectrum, that corresponds to a transition probability $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar\nu_{e}}<$ 7.2$\times$10$^{-5}$ (90% C.L.) for E$_{\bar {\nu}_e}$ $>$ 1.8 MeV. At lower energies, by investigating the spectral shape of elastic scattering events, we obtain a new limit on solar $^{7}$Be-$\nu_e$ conversion into $\bar{\nu}_e$ of $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar \nu_{e}}<$ 0.14 (90% C.L.) at 0.862 keV. Last, we investigate solar flares as possible neutrino sources and obtain the strongest up-to-date limits on the fluence of neutrinos of all flavor neutrino below 3-7 ,MeV. Assuming the neutrino flux to be proportional to the flare's intensity, we exclude an intense solar flare as the cause of the observed excess of events in run 117 of the Cl-Ar Homestake experiment., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, 73 references
Published: 2019

13. Constraints on Flavor-Diagonal Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions from Borexino Phase-II

Author: Agarwalla, S. K., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sun, C., Suvorov, Y., Takeuchi, T., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Borexino detector measures solar neutrino fluxes via neutrino-electron elastic scattering. Observed spectra are determined by the solar-$\nu_{e}$ survival probability $P_{ee}(E)$, and the chiral couplings of the neutrino and electron. Some theories of physics beyond the Standard Model postulate the existence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI's) which modify the chiral couplings and $P_{ee}(E)$. In this paper, we search for such NSI's, in particular, flavor-diagonal neutral current interactions that modify the $\nu_e e$ and $\nu_\tau e$ couplings using Borexino Phase II data. Standard Solar Model predictions of the solar neutrino fluxes for both high- and low-metallicity assumptions are considered. No indication of new physics is found at the level of sensitivity of the detector and constraints on the parameters of the NSI's are placed. In addition, with the same dataset the value of $\sin^2\theta_W$ is obtained with a precision comparable to that achieved in reactor antineutrino experiments., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures. Slight modifications in the title, abstract, and conclusion. Few references added. Text expanded for clarity. Accepted in JHEP
Published: 2019
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14. Modulations of the Cosmic Muon Signal in Ten Years of Borexino Data

Author: The Borexino Collaboration, Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bolognino, I., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., Collica, L., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumaran, S., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meighen-Berger, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We have measured the flux of cosmic muons in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso at 3800\,m\,w.e. to be $(3.432 \pm 0.003)\cdot 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{{m^{-2}s^{-1}}}$ based on ten years of Borexino data acquired between May 2007 and May 2017. A seasonal modulation with a period of $(366.3 \pm 0.6)\,\mathrm{d}$ and a relative amplitude of $(1.36 \pm0.04)\%$ is observed. The phase is measured to be $(181.7 \pm 0.4)\,\mathrm{d}$, corresponding to a maximum at the 1$^\mathrm{st}$ of July. Using data inferred from global atmospheric models, we show the muon flux to be positively correlated with the atmospheric temperature and measure the effective temperature coefficient $\alpha_\mathrm{T} = 0.90 \pm 0.02$. The origin of cosmic muons from pion and kaon decays in the atmosphere allows to interpret the effective temperature coefficient as an indirect measurement of the atmospheric kaon-to-pion production ratio $r_{\mathrm{K}/\pi} = 0.11^{+0.11}_{-0.07}$ for primary energies above $18\,\mathrm{TeV}$. We find evidence for a long-term modulation of the muon flux with a period of $\sim 3000\,\mathrm{d}$ and a maximum in June 2012 that is not present in the atmospheric temperature data. A possible correlation between this modulation and the solar activity is investigated. The cosmogenic neutron production rate is found to show a seasonal modulation in phase with the cosmic muon flux but with an increased amplitude of $(2.6 \pm 0.4)\%$., Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, proofreading for publication in JCAP
Published: 2018
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15. The SABRE project and the SABRE PoP

Author: Antonello, M., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., Calaprice, F., Copello, S., D'Angelo, D., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Ludovico, A., Dix, W., Duffy, A. R., Froborg, F., Giovanetti, G. K., Hoppe, E., Ianni, A., Ioannucci, L., Krishnan, S., Lane, G. J., Mahmood, I., Mariani, A., Mastrodicasa, M., Montini, P., Mould, J., Nuti, F., Orlandi, D., Paris, M., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Prokopovic, D., Rahatlou, S., Rossi, N., Sarbutt, A., Shields, E., Souza, M. J., Stuchbery, A. E., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Toso, V., Urquijo, P., Vignoli, C., Wada, M., Wallner, A., Williams, A. G., and Xu, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: SABRE aims to directly measure the annual modulation of the dark matter interaction rate with NaI(Tl) crystals. A modulation compatible with the standard hypothesis in which our Galaxy is embedded in a dark matter halo has been measured by the DAMA experiment in the same target material. Other direct detection experiments, using different target materials, seem to exclude the interpretation of such modulation in the simplest scenario of WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering. The SABRE experiment aims to carry out an independent search with sufficient sensitivity to confirm or refute the DAMA claim. The SABRE concept and goal is to obtain a background rate of the order of 0.1 cpd/kg/keVee in the energy region of interest. This challenging goal is achievable by operating high-purity crystals inside a liquid scintillator veto for active background rejection. In addition, twin detectors will be located in the northern and southern hemispheres to identify possible contributions to the modulation from seasonal or site-related effects. The SABRE project includes an initial Proof-of-Principle phase at LNGS (Italy), to assess the radio-purity of the crystals and the efficiency of the liquid scintillator veto. This paper describes the general concept of SABRE and the expected sensitivity to WIMP annual modulation., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2018
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16. Monte Carlo simulation of the SABRE PoP background

Author: Antonello, M., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., Calaprice, F., Copello, S., D'Angelo, D., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Ludovico, A., Duffy, A. R., Froborg, F., Giovanetti, G. K., Hoppe, E., Ianni, A., Ioannucci, L., Krishnan, S., Lane, G. J., Mahmood, I., Mariani, A., McGee, P., Montini, P., Mould, J., Nuti, F., Orlandi, D., Paris, M., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Prokopovich, D., Rahatlou, S., Rossi, N., Sarbutt, A., Shields, E., Souza, M. J., Stuchbery, A. E., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Urquijo, P., Vignoli, C., Wada, M., Wallner, A., Williams, A. G., Xu, J., and Zurowski, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: SABRE (Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection) is a direct dark matter search experiment based on an array of radio-pure NaI(Tl) crystals surrounded by a liquid scintillator veto. Twin SABRE experiments in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres will differentiate a dark matter signal from seasonal and local effects. The experiment is currently in a Proof-of-Principle (PoP) phase, whose goal is to demonstrate that the background rate is low enough to carry out an independent search for a dark matter signal, with sufficient sensitivity to confirm or refute the DAMA result during the following full-scale experimental phase. The impact of background radiation from the detector materials and the experimental site needs to be carefully investigated, including both intrinsic and cosmogenically activated radioactivity. Based on the best knowledge of the most relevant sources of background, we have performed a detailed Monte Carlo study evaluating the expected background in the dark matter search spectral region. The simulation model described in this paper guides the design of the full-scale experiment and will be fundamental for the interpretation of the measured background and hence for the extraction of a possible dark matter signal., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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17. The Monte Carlo simulation of the Borexino detector

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmuller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Borodikhina, L., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Froborg, F., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Shakina, P., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We describe the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation package of the Borexino detector and discuss the agreement of its output with data. The Borexino MC 'ab initio' simulates the energy loss of particles in all detector components and generates the resulting scintillation photons and their propagation within the liquid scintillator volume. The simulation accounts for absorption, reemission, and scattering of the optical photons and tracks them until they either are absorbed or reach the photocathode of one of the photomultiplier tubes. Photon detection is followed by a comprehensive simulation of the readout electronics response. The algorithm proceeds with a detailed simulation of the electronics chain. The MC is tuned using data collected with radioactive calibration sources deployed inside and around the scintillator volume. The simulation reproduces the energy response of the detector, its uniformity within the fiducial scintillator volume relevant to neutrino physics, and the time distribution of detected photons to better than 1% between 100 keV and several MeV. The techniques developed to simulate the Borexino detector and their level of refinement are of possible interest to the neutrino community, especially for current and future large-volume liquid scintillator experiments such as Kamland-Zen, SNO+, and Juno.
Published: 2017
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18. Seasonal Modulation of the $^7$Be Solar Neutrino Rate in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmuller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Borodikhina, L., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Froborg, F., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Shakina, P., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We detected the seasonal modulation of the $^7$Be neutrino interaction rate with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The period, amplitude, and phase of the observed time evolution of the signal are consistent with its solar origin, and the absence of an annual modulation is rejected at 99.99\% C.L. The data are analyzed using three methods: the sinusoidal fit, the Lomb-Scargle and the Empirical Mode Decomposition techniques, which all yield results in excellent agreement., Comment: 11 palese, 13 figures
Published: 2017
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19. The Main Results of the Borexino Experiment

Author: Derbin, A., Muratova, V., Agostini, M., Altenmuller, K., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Jeschke, D., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Neumair, B, Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The main physical results on the registration of solar neutrinos and the search for rare processes obtained by the Borexino collaboration to date are presented., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figgures, To be published as Proceedings of the Third Annual Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2015
Published: 2016

20. A test of electric charge conservation with Borexino

Author: Borexino Collaboration, Agostini, M., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillation detector located deep underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS, Italy). Thanks to the unmatched radio-purity of the scintillator, and to the well understood detector response at low energy, a new limit on the stability of the electron for decay into a neutrino and a single mono-energetic photon was obtained. This new bound, tau > 6.6 10**28 yr at 90 % C.L., is two orders of magnitude better than the previous limit., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2015
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21. Low-energy (anti)neutrino physics with Borexino: Neutrinos from the primary proton-proton fusion process in the Sun

Author: Mosteiro, P., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Sun is fueled by a series of nuclear reactions that produce the energy that makes it shine. The primary reaction is the fusion of two protons into a deuteron, a positron and a neutrino. These neutrinos constitute the vast majority of neutrinos reaching Earth, providing us with key information about what goes on at the core of our star. Several experiments have now confirmed the observation of neutrino oscillations by detecting neutrinos from secondary nuclear processes in the Sun; this is the first direct spectral measurement of the neutrinos from the keystone proton-proton fusion. This observation is a crucial step towards the completion of the spectroscopy of pp-chain neutrinos, as well as further validation of the LMA-MSW model of neutrino oscillations., Comment: Proceedings from NOW (Neutrino Oscillation Workshop) 2014
Published: 2015
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22. Measurement of neutrino flux from the primary proton--proton fusion process in the Sun with Borexino detector

Author: Smirnov, O. Y., Agostini, M., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrino produced in a chain of nuclear reactions in the Sun starting from the fusion of two protons, for the first time has been detected in a real-time detector in spectrometric mode. The unique properties of the Borexino detector provided an oppurtunity to disentangle pp-neutrino spectrum from the background components. A comparison of the total neutrino flux from the Sun with Solar luminosity in photons provides a test of the stability of the Sun on the 10$^{5}$ years time scale, and sets a strong limit on the power production in the unknown energy sources in the Sun of no more than 4\% of the total energy production at 90\% C.L., Comment: 15 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures
Published: 2015
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23. Spectroscopy of geo-neutrinos from 2056 days of Borexino data

Author: Borexino collaboration, Agostini, M., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., DAngelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fiorentini, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Mantovani, F., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhavatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Woicik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report an improved geo-neutrino measurement with Borexino from 2056 days of data taking. The present exposure is $(5.5\pm0.3)\times10^{31}$ proton$\times$yr. Assuming a chondritic Th/U mass ratio of 3.9, we obtain $23.7 ^{+6.5}_{-5.7} (stat) ^{+0.9}_{-0.6} (sys)$ geo-neutrino events. The null observation of geo-neutrinos with Borexino alone has a probability of $3.6 \times 10^{-9}$ (5.9$\sigma$). A geo-neutrino signal from the mantle is obtained at 98\% C.L. The radiogenic heat production for U and Th from the present best-fit result is restricted to the range 23-36 TW, taking into account the uncertainty on the distribution of heat producing elements inside the Earth., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2015
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24. Solar neutrino with Borexino: results and perspectives

Author: Smirnov, O., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Fiorentini, G., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Mantovani, F., Marcocci, S., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Borexino is a unique detector able to perform measurement of solar neutrinos fluxes in the energy region around 1 MeV or below due to its low level of radioactive background. It was constructed at the LNGS underground laboratory with a goal of solar $^{7}$Be neutrino flux measurement with 5\% precision. The goal has been successfully achieved marking the end of the first stage of the experiment. A number of other important measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have been performed during the first stage. Recently the collaboration conducted successful liquid scintillator repurification campaign aiming to reduce main contaminants in the sub-MeV energy range. With the new levels of radiopurity Borexino can improve existing and challenge a number of new measurements including: improvement of the results on the Solar and terrestrial neutrino fluxes measurements; measurement of pp and CNO solar neutrino fluxes; search for non-standard interactions of neutrino; study of the neutrino oscillations on the short baseline with an artificial neutrino source (search for sterile neutrino) in context of SOX project., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2014
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25. Recent Borexino results and prospects for the near future

Author: D'Angelo, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., von Feilitzsch, F., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Borexino experiment, located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The data taking campaign phase I (2007 - 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be, 8B and pep fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase II since 2011. We review here the recent results achieved during 2013, concerning the seasonal modulation in the 7Be signal, the study of cosmogenic backgrounds and the updated measurement of geo-neutrinos. We also review the upcoming measurements from phase II data (pp, pep, CNO) and the project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a 51Cr neutrino source and a 144Ce-144Pr antineutrino source placed in close proximity of the active material., Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures. To be published as proceedings of Rencontres de Moriond EW 2014
Published: 2014

26. Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low energy solar neutrino spectroscopy

Author: Borexino Collaboration, Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Avanzini, M. B., Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pena-Garay, C., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino has been running since May 2007 at the LNGS with the primary goal of detecting solar neutrinos. The detector, a large, unsegmented liquid scintillator calorimeter characterized by unprecedented low levels of intrinsic radioactivity, is optimized for the study of the lower energy part of the spectrum. During the Phase-I (2007-2010) Borexino first detected and then precisely measured the flux of the 7Be solar neutrinos, ruled out any significant day-night asymmetry of their interaction rate, made the first direct observation of the pep neutrinos, and set the tightest upper limit on the flux of CNO neutrinos. In this paper we discuss the signal signature and provide a comprehensive description of the backgrounds, quantify their event rates, describe the methods for their identification, selection or subtraction, and describe data analysis. Key features are an extensive in situ calibration program using radioactive sources, the detailed modeling of the detector response, the ability to define an innermost fiducial volume with extremely low background via software cuts, and the excellent pulse-shape discrimination capability of the scintillator that allows particle identification. We report a measurement of the annual modulation of the 7 Be neutrino interaction rate. The period, the amplitude, and the phase of the observed modulation are consistent with the solar origin of these events, and the absence of their annual modulation is rejected with higher than 99% C.L. The physics implications of phase-I results in the context of the neutrino oscillation physics and solar models are presented.
Published: 2013
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27. Cosmogenic Backgrounds in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth

Author: Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Göger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, P., Lombardi, F., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Möllenberg, R., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schönert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The solar neutrino experiment Borexino, which is located in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories, is in a unique position to study muon-induced backgrounds in an organic liquid scintillator. In this study, a large sample of cosmic muons is identified and tracked by a muon veto detector external to the liquid scintillator, and by the specific light patterns observed when muons cross the scintillator volume. The yield of muon-induced neutrons is found to be Yn =(3.10+-0.11)10-4 n/({\mu} (g/cm2)). The distance profile between the parent muon track and the neutron capture point has the average value {\lambda} = (81.5 +- 2.7)cm. Additionally the yields of a number of cosmogenic radioisotopes are measured for 12N, 12B, 8He, 9C, 9Li, 8B, 6He, 8Li, 11Be, 10C and 11C. All results are compared with Monte Carlo simulation predictions using the Fluka and Geant4 packages. General agreement between data and simulation is observed for the cosmogenic production yields with a few exceptions, the most prominent case being 11C yield for which both codes return about 50% lower values. The predicted {\mu}-n distance profile and the neutron multiplicity distribution are found to be overall consistent with data., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures (in 14 files), 4 tables. 3 extra data files. accepted by JCAP
Published: 2013
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28. Measurement of geo-neutrinos from 1353 days of Borexino

Author: Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fiorentini, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V. V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Koshio, Y., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, P., Lombardi, F., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Mantovani, F., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Sabelnikov, A., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a measurement of the geo--neutrino signal obtained from 1353 days of data with the Borexino detector at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. With a fiducial exposure of (3.69 $\pm$ 0.16) $\times$ $10^{31}$ proton $\times$ year after all selection cuts and background subtraction, we detected (14.3 $\pm$ 4.4) geo-neutrino events assuming a fixed chondritic mass Th/U ratio of 3.9. This corresponds to a geo-neutrino signal $S_{geo}$ = (38.8 $\pm$ 12.0) TNU with just a 6 $\times$ $10^{-6}$ probability for a null geo-neutrino measurement. With U and Th left as free parameters in the fit, the relative signals are $S_{\mathrm{Th}}$ = (10.6 $\pm$ 12.7) TNU and $S_\mathrm{U}$ = (26.5 $\pm$ 19.5) TNU. Borexino data alone are compatible with a mantle geo--neutrino signal of (15.4 $\pm$ 12.3) TNU, while a combined analysis with the KamLAND data allows to extract a mantle signal of (14.1 $\pm$ 8.1) TNU. Our measurement of a reactor anti--neutrino signal $S_{react}$ = 84.5$^{+19.3}_{-18.9}$ TNU is in agreement with expectations in the presence of neutrino oscillations., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2013
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29. Lifetime measurements of 214Po and 212Po with the CTF liquid scintillator detector at LNGS

Author: Borexino Collaboration, Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Carraro, C., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., Chubakov, V., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Göger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Guardincerri, E., Hardy, S., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Koshio, Y., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Lissia, Marcello, Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montanari, D., Mosteiro, P., Mantovani, F., Muratova, V., Nisi, S., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Sabelnikov, A., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schönert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xhixha, G., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We have studied the alpha decays of 214Po into 210Pb and of 212Po into 208Pb tagged by the coincidence with the preceding beta decays from 214Bi and 212Bi, respectively. The employed 222Rn, 232Th, and 220Rn sources were sealed inside quartz vials and inserted in the Counting Test Facility at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. We find that the mean lifetime of 214Po is (236.00 +- 0.42(stat) +- 0.15(syst)) \mu s and that of 212Po is (425.1 +- 0.9(stat) +- 1.2(syst)) ns. Our results, obtained from data with signal-to-background ratio larger than 1000, reduce the overall uncertainties and are compatible with previous measurements., Comment: RevTex, 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. This second version matches the one accepted for publication in EPJA: minor stylistic changes plus a discussion of calibration of TDC time scale
Published: 2012

30. Borexino calibrations: Hardware, Methods, and Results

Author: Borexino collaboration, Back, H., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Carraro, C., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Etenko, A., von Feilitzsch, F., Fernandes, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Guardincerri, E., Hardy, S., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kayunov, A., Kidner, S., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Koshio, Y., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montanari, D., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Raghavan, R. S., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rountree, D., Sabelnikov, A., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schonert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino was the first experiment to detect solar neutrinos in real-time in the sub-MeV region. In order to achieve high precision in the determination of neutrino rates, the detector design includes an internal and an external calibration system. This paper describes both calibration systems and the calibration campaigns that were carried out in the period between 2008 and 2011. We discuss some of the results and show that the calibration procedures preserved the radiopurity of the scintillator. The calibrations provided a detailed understanding of the detector response and led to a significant reduction of the systematic uncertainties in the Borexino measurements.
Published: 2012
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31. Muon and Cosmogenic Neutron Detection in Borexino

Author: Borexino Collaboration, Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonetti, S., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Carraro, C., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Etenko, A., von Feilitzsch, F., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Guardincerri, E., Hardy, S., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Joyce, M., Kobychev, V., Koshio, Y., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lendvai, C., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montanari, D., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Raghavan, R. S., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rountree, D., Sabelnikov, A., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schönert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Borexino, a liquid scintillator detector at LNGS, is designed for the detection of neutrinos and antineutrinos from the Sun, supernovae, nuclear reactors, and the Earth. The feeble nature of these signals requires a strong suppression of backgrounds below a few MeV. Very low intrinsic radiogenic contamination of all detector components needs to be accompanied by the efficient identification of muons and of muon-induced backgrounds. Muons produce unstable nuclei by spallation processes along their trajectory through the detector whose decays can mimic the expected signals; for isotopes with half-lives longer than a few seconds, the dead time induced by a muon-related veto becomes unacceptably long, unless its application can be restricted to a sub-volume along the muon track. Consequently, not only the identification of muons with very high efficiency but also a precise reconstruction of their tracks is of primary importance for the physics program of the experiment. The Borexino inner detector is surrounded by an outer water-Cherenkov detector that plays a fundamental role in accomplishing this task. The detector design principles and their implementation are described. The strategies adopted to identify muons are reviewed and their efficiency is evaluated. The overall muon veto efficiency is found to be 99.992% or better. Ad-hoc track reconstruction algorithms developed are presented. Their performance is tested against muon events of known direction such as those from the CNGS neutrino beam, test tracks available from a dedicated External Muon Tracker and cosmic muons whose angular distribution reflects the local overburden profile. The achieved angular resolution is 3-5 deg and the lateral resolution is 35-50 cm, depending on the impact parameter of the crossing muon. The methods implemented to efficiently tag cosmogenic neutrons are also presented., Comment: 42 pages. 32 figures on 37 files. Uses JINST.cls. 1 auxiliary file (defines.tex) with TEX macros. submitted to Journal of Instrumentation
Published: 2011
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32. A Scintillator Purification System for the Borexino Solar Neutrino Detector

Author: Benziger, J., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Chen, M., Corsi, A., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Fernholz, R., Ford, R., Galbiati, C., Goretti, A., Harding, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kidner, S., Leung, M., Loeser, F., McCarty, K., McKinsey, D., Nelson, A., Pocar, A., Salvo, C., Schimizzi, D., Shutt, T., and Sonnenschein, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Purification of the 278 tons of liquid scintillator and 889 tons of buffer shielding for the Borexino solar neutrino detector was performed with a system that combined distillation, water extraction, gas stripping and filtration. The purification of the scintillator achieved unprecedented low backgrounds for the large scale liquid scintillation detector. This paper describes the principles of operation, design, construction and commissioning of the purification system, and reviews the requirements and methods to achieve system cleanliness and leak-tightness., Comment: submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, revised after review
Published: 2007
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33. The Nylon Scintillator Containment Vessels for the Borexino Solar Neutrino Experiment

Author: Benziger, J., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., de Haas, E., Fernholz, R., Ford, R., Galbiati, C., Goretti, A., Harding, E., Ianni, An., Kidner, S., Leung, M., Loeser, F., McCarty, K., Nelson, A., Parsells, R., Pocar, A., Shutt, T., Sonnenschein, A., and Vogelaar, R. B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino is a solar neutrino experiment designed to observe the 0.86 MeV Be-7 neutrinos emitted in the pp cycle of the sun. Neutrinos will be detected by their elastic scattering on electrons in 100 tons of liquid scintillator. The neutrino event rate in the scintillator is expected to be low (~0.35 events per day per ton), and the signals will be at energies below 1.5 MeV, where background from natural radioactivity is prominent. Scintillation light produced by the recoil electrons is observed by an array of 2240 photomultiplier tubes. Because of the intrinsic radioactive contaminants in these PMTs, the liquid scintillator is shielded from them by a thick barrier of buffer fluid. A spherical vessel made of thin nylon film contains the scintillator, separating it from the surrounding buffer. The buffer region itself is divided into two concentric shells by a second nylon vessel in order to prevent inward diffusion of radon atoms. The radioactive background requirements for Borexino are challenging to meet, especially for the scintillator and these nylon vessels. Besides meeting requirements for low radioactivity, the nylon vessels must also satisfy requirements for mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. The present paper describes the research and development, construction, and installation of the nylon vessels for the Borexino experiment.
Published: 2007
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34. Correlated and integrated directionality for sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Appel, S., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Atroshchenko, V., Göttel, Alexandre, Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, Sindhujha, Bagdasarian, Z., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhová, Livia, Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Basilico, D., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Bellini, G., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Benziger, J., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, Mariia, Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Biondi, R., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Bravo, D., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., BOREXINO Collaboration, Agostini, M, Altenmüller, K, Appel, S, Atroshchenko, V, Bagdasarian, Z, Basilico, D, Bellini, G, Benziger, J, Biondi, R, Bravo, D, Caccianiga, B, Calaprice, F, Caminata, A, Cavalcante, P, Chepurnov, A, D’Angelo, D, Davini, S, Derbin, A, Di Giacinto, A, Di Marcello, V, Ding, X, Di Ludovico, A, Di Noto, L, Drachnev, I, Formozov, A, Franco, D, Galbiati, C, Ghiano, C, Giammarchi, M, Goretti, A, Göttel, A, Gromov, M, Guffanti, D, Ianni, A, Jany, A, Jeschke, D, Kobychev, V, Korga, G, Kumaran, S, Laubenstein, M, Litvinovich, E, Lombardi, P, Lomskaya, I, Ludhova, L, Lukyanchenko, G, Lukyanchenko, L, Machulin, I, Martyn, J, Meroni, E, Meyer, M, Miramonti, L, Misiaszek, M, Muratova, V, Neumair, B, Nieslony, M, Nugmanov, R, Oberauer, L, Orekhov, V, Ortica, F, Pallavicini, M, Papp, L, Pelicci, L, Penek, Ö, Pietrofaccia, L, Pilipenko, N, Pocar, A, Raikov, G, Ranalli, M, Ranucci, G, Razeto, A, Re, A, Redchuk, M, Romani, A, Rossi, N, Schönert, S, Semenov, D, Settanta, G, Skorokhvatov, M, Singhal, A, Smirnov, O, Sotnikov, A, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Thurn, J, Unzhakov, E, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, von Feilitzsch, F, Wessel, A, Wojcik, M, Wonsak, B, Wurm, M, Zavatarelli, S, Zuber, K, Zuzel, G, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and BOREXINO
Subjects: electron, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Liquid scintillator, neutrino: solar, Cherenkov counter: water, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, scintillation counter: liquid, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, costs, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutrino detector, energy: threshold, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), low [energy], elastic scattering [neutrino electron], Cherenkov [radiation], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], background: suppression, energy: low, liquid [scintillation counter], water [Cherenkov counter], photon, suppression [background], scintillation counter: target, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), neutrino electron: elastic scattering, threshold [energy], radiation: Cherenkov, sensitivity, Gran Sasso, correlation, target [scintillation counter], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Borexino, solar [neutrino], signature, Cherenkov detector, experimental results
Abstract: Physical review / D 105(5), 052002 (2022). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.105.052002, Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The benefit of a high light yield, and thus a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution, comes at the cost of the directional information featured by water Cherenkov detectors, measuring 8B solar neutrinos above a few MeV. In this paper we provide the first directionality measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos which exploits the correlation between the first few detected photons in each event and the known position of the Sun for each event. This is also the first signature of directionality in neutrinos elastically scattering off electrons in a liquid scintillator target. This measurement exploits the subdominant, fast Cherenkov light emission that precedes the dominant yet slower scintillation light signal. Through this measurement, we have also been able to extract the rate of 7Be solar neutrinos in Borexino. The demonstration of directional sensitivity in a traditional liquid scintillator target paves the way for the possible exploitation of the Cherenkov light signal in future kton-scale experiments using liquid scintillator targets. Directionality is important for background suppression as well as the disentanglement of signals from various sources., Published by Inst., Melville, NY
Published: 2022
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35. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

Author: The Borexino Collaboration, Agostini, M., Altenm��ller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bolognino, I., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., Collica, L., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumaran, S., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meighen-Berger, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, ��., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Sch��nert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bolognino, I., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., Collica, L., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kumaran, S., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meighen-Berger, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ã ., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Von Feilitzsch, F., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., Agostini, M, Altenmuller, K, Appel, S, Atroshchenko, V, Bagdasarian, Z, Basilico, D, Bellini, G, Benziger, J, Bick, D, Bolognino, I, Bonfini, G, Bravo, D, Caccianiga, B, Calaprice, F, Caminata, A, Caprioli, S, Carlini, M, Cavalcante, P, Cavanna, F, Chepurnov, A, Choi, K, Collica, L, D'Angelo, D, Davini, S, Derbin, A, Ding, X, Di Ludovico, A, Di Noto, L, Drachnev, I, Fomenko, K, Formozov, A, Franco, D, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Gschwender, M, Ghiano, C, Giammarchi, M, Goretti, A, Gromov, M, Guffanti, D, Hagner, C, Houdy, T, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Jany, A, Jeschke, D, Kobychev, V, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kudryavtsev, V, Kumaran, S, Lachenmaier, T, Laubenstein, M, Litvinovich, E, Lombardi, F, Lombardi, P, Ludhova, L, Lukyanchenko, G, Lukyanchenko, L, Machulin, I, Manuzio, G, Marcocci, S, Maricic, J, Martyn, J, Meighen-Berger, S, Meroni, E, Meyer, M, Miramonti, L, Misiaszek, M, Muratova, V, Neumair, B, Nieslony, M, Oberauer, L, Opitz, B, Orekhov, V, Ortica, F, Pallavicini, M, Papp, L, Penek, O, Pietrofaccia, L, Pilipenko, N, Pocar, A, Porcelli, A, Raikov, G, Ranucci, G, Razeto, A, Re, A, Redchuk, M, Romani, A, Rossi, N, Rottenanger, S, Schonert, S, Semenov, D, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sotnikov, A, Stokes, L, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Thurn, J, Toropova, M, Unzhakov, E, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, Von Feilitzsch, F, Weinz, S, Wojcik, M, Wurm, M, Yokley, Z, Zaimidoroga, O, Zavatarelli, S, Zuber, K, Zuzel, G, Physics, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Borexino, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: atmosphere: model, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino: solar, atmosphere: temperature, Cosmic rays detector, FOS: Physical sciences, flux: time dependence, temperature: fluctuation, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino experiments, Neutrino experiment, muon: flux: measured, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Neutrino detectors, Cosmic rays detectors, Neutrino experiments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), muon: production, Gran Sasso, n: associated production, cosmic radiation: primary, muon: atmosphere, modulation, correlation, muon: cosmic radiation, Borexino, cosmic rays detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, experimental results, neutrino detectors
Abstract: We have measured the flux of cosmic muons in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso at 3800\,m\,w.e. to be $(3.432 \pm 0.003)\cdot 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{{m^{-2}s^{-1}}}$ based on ten years of Borexino data acquired between May 2007 and May 2017. A seasonal modulation with a period of $(366.3 \pm 0.6)\,\mathrm{d}$ and a relative amplitude of $(1.36 \pm0.04)\%$ is observed. The phase is measured to be $(181.7 \pm 0.4)\,\mathrm{d}$, corresponding to a maximum at the 1$^\mathrm{st}$ of July. Using data inferred from global atmospheric models, we show the muon flux to be positively correlated with the atmospheric temperature and measure the effective temperature coefficient $\alpha_\mathrm{T} = 0.90 \pm 0.02$. The origin of cosmic muons from pion and kaon decays in the atmosphere allows to interpret the effective temperature coefficient as an indirect measurement of the atmospheric kaon-to-pion production ratio $r_{\mathrm{K}/\pi} = 0.11^{+0.11}_{-0.07}$ for primary energies above $18\,\mathrm{TeV}$. We find evidence for a long-term modulation of the muon flux with a period of $\sim 3000\,\mathrm{d}$ and a maximum in June 2012 that is not present in the atmospheric temperature data. A possible correlation between this modulation and the solar activity is investigated. The cosmogenic neutron production rate is found to show a seasonal modulation in phase with the cosmic muon flux but with an increased amplitude of $(2.6 \pm 0.4)\%$., Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, proofreading for publication in JCAP
Published: 2018

36. The Main Results of the Borexino Experiment

Author: Derbin, A., Muratova, V., Agostini, M., Altenmuller, K., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D Angelo, D., Davini, S., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Jeschke, D., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Oleg Smirnov, Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics::Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], talk: St. Petersburg 2015/08/31, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Borexino, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], experimental results
Abstract: The main physical results on the registration of solar neutrinos and the search for rare processes obtained by the Borexino collaboration to date are presented., 8 pages, 8 figgures, To be published as Proceedings of the Third Annual Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2015
Published: 2015

37. Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low-energy solar neutrino spectroscopy

Author: Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Buizza Avanzini, M., Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D’Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Göger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Grandi, L., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Loer, B., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Manuzio, G., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pena-Garay, C., Perasso, L., Perasso, S., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schönert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Von Feilitzsch, F., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Xu, J., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuzel, G., Bellini, G., Suvorov, Y., Et, Al., Physics Department, University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research (KINR), Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Dept. Microelectronics and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Physik-Department E15, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), Dip. di Fisica dell'Universitádi Genova - Italy, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica [Minas Gerais] (DEE - UFMG), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institute for experimental physics II (EP II), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Department of Physics, Princeton University (DPPU), Princeton University, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of Houston, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia, National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut für Experimentalphysik [Hamburg], Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute': Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Dipartimento di Chimica [Perugia], Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), Istituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCLA, Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC), and Borexino Collaboration
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CNO cycle, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, PACS numbers: 13.35.Hb, 14.60.St, 26.65.+t, 95.55.Vj, 29.40.Mc, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Borexino, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Borexino has been running since May 2007 at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy with the primary goal of detecting solar neutrinos. The detector, a large, unsegmented liquid scintillator calorimeter characterized by unprecedented low levels of intrinsic radioactivity, is optimized for the study of the lower energy part of the spectrum. During Phase-I (2007–2010), Borexino first detected and then precisely measured the flux of the Be 7 solar neutrinos, ruled out any significant day-night asymmetry of their interaction rate, made the first direct observation of the pep neutrinos, and set the tightest upper limit on the flux of solar neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle (carbon, nitrogen, oxigen) where carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen serve as catalysts in the fusion process. In this paper we discuss the signal signature and provide a comprehensive description of the backgrounds, quantify their event rates, describe the methods for their identification, selection, or subtraction, and describe data analysis. Key features are an extensive in situ calibration program using radioactive sources, the detailed modeling of the detector response, the ability to define an innermost fiducial volume with extremely low background via software cuts, and the excellent pulse-shape discrimination capability of the scintillator that allows particle identification. We report a measurement of the annual modulation of the Be 7 neutrino interaction rate. The period, the amplitude, and the phase of the observed modulation are consistent with the solar origin of these events, and the absence of their annual modulation is rejected with higher than 99% C.L. The physics implications of Phase-I results in the context of the neutrino oscillation physics and solar models are presented.
Published: 2014

38. The Low Polonium Field of Borexino and its significance for the CNO neutrino detection

Author: Kumaran, Sindhujha, Matteo Agostini, Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö, Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Borexino, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: data analysis method, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino: solar, polonium: nuclide, scintillation counter: liquid, shape analysis, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), bismuth: nuclide, statistics: Bayesian, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), insulation: thermal, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Borexino, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, background: radioactivity
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionale del Gran Sasso, Italy with the main goal to measure solar neutrinos. The experiment recently provided the first direct experimental evidence of CNO-cycle neutrinos in the Sun, rejecting the no-CNO signal hypothesis with a significance greater than 5$\sigma$ at 99\%C.L. The intrinsic $^{210}$Bi is an important background for this analysis due to its similar spectral shape to that of CNO neutrinos. $^{210}$Bi can be measured through its daughter $^{210}$Po which can be distinguished through an event-by-event basis via pulse shape discrimination. However, this required reducing the convective motions in the scintillator that brought additional $^{210}$Po from peripheral sources. This was made possible through the thermal insulation and stabilization campaign performed between 2015 and 2016. This article will explain the strategy and the different methods performed to extract the $^{210}$Bi upper limit in Phase-III (Jul 2016- Feb 2020) of the experiment through the analysis of $^{210}$Po in the cleanest region of the detector called the Low Polonium Field., Comment: Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond

39. Constraints on Flavor-Diagonal Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions from Borexino Phase-II

Author: G. Korga, D. Jeschke, Z. Bagdasarian, S. Appel, E. Litvinovich, K. Fomenko, Michael Wurm, M. Gschwender, Matthias Laubenstein, B. Caccianiga, Ö. Penek, F. Calaprice, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. Thurn, L. Lukyanchenko, J. Martyn, F. Gabriele, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, G. Raikov, Livia Ludhova, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, Tatsu Takeuchi, O. Zaimidoroga, E. Meroni, G. Zuzel, Cristiano Galbiati, P. Cavalcante, Gioacchino Ranucci, B. Neumair, D. Guffanti, M. Nieslony, D. Bravo, Fausto Ortica, G. Lukyanchenko, G. Testera, Tobias Lachenmaier, Marco Giammarchi, G. Bellini, A. Sotnikov, R. Tartaglia, N. Rossi, D. Semenov, Kai Zuber, Aldo Ianni, S. Kumaran, E. V. Unzhakov, Xuefeng Ding, A. Vishneva, A. Di Ludovico, Matteo Agostini, D. Franco, J. Maricic, Andrey Formozov, D. Basilico, M. Skorokhvatov, N. Pilipenko, F. von Feilitzsch, Y. Suvorov, S. Rottenanger, L. Oberauer, V. N. Muratova, Caren Hagner, M. Gromov, M. Meyer, Andrea Ianni, A. Di Giacinto, A. Razeto, G. Manuzio, I. N. Machulin, A. V. Derbin, M. Misiaszek, Marco Pallavicini, D. D'Angelo, C. Ghiano, A. Jany, L. Cappelli, L. Pietrofaccia, A. Pocar, Marcin Wójcik, V. Atroshchenko, Chen Sun, M. Redchuk, Paolo Lombardi, Lino Miramonti, V. Di Marcello, V. V. Kobychev, E. Hungerford, I. Drachnev, F. Cavanna, K. Altenmüller, R. B. Vogelaar, Alessandra Re, A. Caminata, V. Orekhov, S. Marcocci, G. Bonfini, J. Benziger, K. Choi, S. Davini, Aldo Romani, L. Papp, L. Di Noto, Oleg Smirnov, Stefan Schönert, Agarwalla, S. K., Agostini, M., Altenmuller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, A., Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sun, C., Suvorov, Y., Takeuchi, T., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., Agarwalla, S, Agostini, M, Altenmuller, K, Appel, S, Atroshchenko, V, Bagdasarian, Z, Basilico, D, Bellini, G, Benziger, J, Bick, D, Bonfini, G, Bravo, D, Caccianiga, B, Calaprice, F, Caminata, A, Cappelli, L, Cavalcante, P, Cavanna, F, Chepurnov, A, Choi, K, D'Angelo, D, Davini, S, Derbin, A, Di Giacinto, A, Di Marcello, V, Ding, X, Di Ludovico, A, Di Noto, L, Drachnev, I, Fomenko, K, Formozov, A, Franco, D, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Gschwender, M, Ghiano, C, Giammarchi, M, Goretti, A, Gromov, M, Guffanti, D, Hagner, C, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Jany, A, Jeschke, D, Kumaran, S, Kobychev, V, Korga, G, Lachenmaier, T, Laubenstein, M, Litvinovich, E, Lombardi, P, Ludhova, L, Lukyanchenko, G, Lukyanchenko, L, Machulin, I, Manuzio, G, Marcocci, S, Maricic, J, Martyn, J, Meroni, E, Meyer, M, Miramonti, L, Misiaszek, M, Muratova, V, Neumair, B, Nieslony, M, Oberauer, L, Orekhov, V, Ortica, F, Pallavicini, M, Papp, L, Penek, O, Pietrofaccia, L, Pilipenko, N, Pocar, A, Raikov, G, Ranucci, G, Razeto, A, Re, A, Redchuk, M, Romani, A, Rossi, N, Rottenanger, S, Schonert, S, Semenov, D, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sotnikov, A, Sun, C, Suvorov, Y, Takeuchi, T, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Thurn, J, Unzhakov, E, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, von Feilitzsch, F, Wojcik, M, Wurm, M, Zaimidoroga, O, Zavatarelli, S, Zuber, K, Zuzel, G, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Borexino, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Physics
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Electron, metal: solar, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), solar [model], elastic scattering [neutrino electron], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino/e: coupling, detector [neutrino], Borexino, Physics, Elastic scattering, interaction [neutrino/tau], new physics, Beyond Standard Model, Neutrino Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), neutrino electron: elastic scattering, coupling [neutrino/e], nuclear reactor [antineutrino], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, neutrino: detector, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, coupling [neutrino], solar [neutrino], Neutrino, precision measurement [Weinberg angle], model: solar, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, sensitivity [detector], FOS: Physical sciences, neutrino/tau: interaction, neutral current: coupling, Weinberg angle: precision measurement, neutrino: new interaction, neutrino: spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, antineutrino: nuclear reactor, neutrino: coupling, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Standard solar model, chiral [coupling], Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, solar [metal], High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, coupling [neutral current], spectrum [neutrino], flux [neutrino], coupling: chiral, detector: sensitivity, new interaction [neutrino], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino Physic
Abstract: The Borexino detector measures solar neutrino fluxes via neutrino-electron elastic scattering. Observed spectra are determined by the solar-$\nu_{e}$ survival probability $P_{ee}(E)$, and the chiral couplings of the neutrino and electron. Some theories of physics beyond the Standard Model postulate the existence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI's) which modify the chiral couplings and $P_{ee}(E)$. In this paper, we search for such NSI's, in particular, flavor-diagonal neutral current interactions that modify the $\nu_e e$ and $\nu_\tau e$ couplings using Borexino Phase II data. Standard Solar Model predictions of the solar neutrino fluxes for both high- and low-metallicity assumptions are considered. No indication of new physics is found at the level of sensitivity of the detector and constraints on the parameters of the NSI's are placed. In addition, with the same dataset the value of $\sin^2\theta_W$ is obtained with a precision comparable to that achieved in reactor antineutrino experiments., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures. Slight modifications in the title, abstract, and conclusion. Few references added. Text expanded for clarity. Accepted in JHEP
Published: 2019
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40. Monte Carlo simulation of the SABRE PoP background

Author: Michael Souza, Gregory Lane, E. L. Barberio, C. Vignoli, Francesco Nuti, Andrea Mariani, T. Baroncelli, Jingke Xu, An. Ianni, Mark W. Paris, B. Suerfu, M. Wada, Phillip Urquijo, I. Bolognino, Adam Sarbutt, Lindsey J. Bignell, Andrew Stuchbery, I. Dafinei, N. Rossi, Dale A. Prokopovich, F. Froborg, Jeremy Mould, Alan R. Duffy, C. Tomei, Anthony G. Williams, M. Zurowski, G. Di Carlo, Shahram Rahatlou, D. Orlandi, Anton Wallner, E. Shields, S. Krishnan, Marcella Diemoz, I. Mahmood, Jay Burton Benziger, L. Pietrofaccia, P. McGee, A. Di Ludovico, Eric W. Hoppe, V. Pettinacci, Giulia D'imperio, L. Ioannucci, Frank Calaprice, M. Antonello, D. D'Angelo, P. Montini, G. K. Giovanetti, S. Copello, Antonello, M., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., Calaprice, F., Copello, S., D’Angelo, D., D’Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Di Carlo, G., Diemoz, M., Di Ludovico, A., Duffy, A. R., Froborg, F., Giovanetti, G. K., Hoppe, E., Ianni, A., Ioannucci, L., Krishnan, S., Lane, G. J., Mahmood, I., Mariani, A., Mcgee, P., Montini, P., Mould, J., Nuti, F., Orlandi, D., Paris, M., Pettinacci, V., Pietrofaccia, L., Prokopovich, D., Rahatlou, S., Rossi, N., Sarbutt, A., Shields, E., Souza, M. J., Stuchbery, A. E., Suerfu, B., Tomei, C., Urquijo, P., Vignoli, C., Wada, M., Wallner, A., Williams, A. G., Xu, J., and Zurowski, M.
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Phase (waves), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Signal, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Computational physics, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Background radiation
Abstract: SABRE (Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection) is a direct dark matter search experiment based on an array of radio-pure NaI(Tl) crystals surrounded by a liquid scintillator veto. Twin SABRE experiments in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres will differentiate a dark matter signal from seasonal and local effects. The experiment is currently in a Proof-of-Principle (PoP) phase, whose goal is to demonstrate that the background rate is low enough to carry out an independent search for a dark matter signal, with sufficient sensitivity to confirm or refute the DAMA result during the following full-scale experimental phase. The impact of background radiation from the detector materials and the experimental site needs to be carefully investigated, including both intrinsic and cosmogenically activated radioactivity. Based on the best knowledge of the most relevant sources of background, we have performed a detailed Monte Carlo study evaluating the expected background in the dark matter search spectral region. The simulation model described in this paper guides the design of the full-scale experiment and will be fundamental for the interpretation of the measured background and hence for the extraction of a possible dark matter signal., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2019

41. Search for low-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources with Borexino

Author: V. Atroshchenko, Alessandra Re, R. Tartaglia, D. Jeschke, E. V. Hungerford, Lothar Oberauer, Ö. Penek, J. Thurn, G. Bonfini, Frank Calaprice, Matteo Agostini, M. T. Ranalli, A. Sotnikov, Matthias Laubenstein, S. Appel, G. Lukyanchenko, G. Testera, S. Marcocci, Andrey Formozov, S. Kumaran, L. Lukyanchenko, K. Choi, Y. Suvorov, Livia Ludhova, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, An. Ianni, F. Cavanna, B. Caccianiga, G. Zuzel, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Gromov, R. B. Vogelaar, E. Meroni, I. N. Machulin, Cristiano Galbiati, D. A. Semenov, A. V. Derbin, V. Orekhov, G. Bellini, D. D'Angelo, L. Papp, M. Redchuk, A. Jany, I. Lomskaya, V. Di Marcello, O. Zaimidoroga, N. Rossi, I. S. Drachnev, Tobias Lachenmaier, J. Martyn, Marco Giammarchi, E. Litvinovich, V. N. Muratova, V. V. Kobychev, M. Gschwender, Fausto Ortica, A. Vishneva, M. D. Skorokhvatov, Michael Wurm, D. Guffanti, J. Maricic, Xuefeng Ding, Lino Miramonti, D. Basilico, A. Di Ludovico, C. Ghiano, Kai Zuber, Caren Hagner, G. Korga, G. Manuzio, B. Neumair, M. Meyer, L. Pietrofaccia, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, A. Di Giacinto, N. Pilipenko, A. Razeto, P. Cavalcante, D. Bravo, D. Franco, M. Misiaszek, Paolo Lombardi, Gioacchino Ranucci, A. Pocar, S. Rottenanger, S. Davini, O. Smirnov, S. Schönert, E. V. Unzhakov, Marcin Wójcik, K. Altenmüller, M. Nieslony, A. Caminata, Marco Pallavicini, F. Gabriele, Barbara Ricci, G. Raikov, Z. Bagdasarian, L. Cappelli, Jay Burton Benziger, Aldo Romani, L. Di Noto, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Borexino, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Agostini, M, Altenmuller, K, Appel, S, Atroshchenko, V, Bagdasarian, Z, Basilico, D, Bellini, G, Benziger, J, Bick, D, Bonfini, G, Bravo, D, Caccianiga, B, Calaprice, F, Caminata, A, Cappelli, L, Cavalcante, P, Cavanna, F, Chepurnov, A, Choi, K, D'Angelo, D, Davini, S, Derbin, A, Di Giacinto, A, Di Marcello, V, Ding, X, Di Ludovico, A, Di Noto, L, Drachnev, I, Formozov, A, Franco, D, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Gschwender, M, Ghiano, C, Giammarchi, M, Goretti, A, Gromov, M, Guffanti, D, Hagner, C, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Jany, A, Jeschke, D, Kumaran, S, Kobychev, V, Korga, G, Lachenmaier, T, Laubenstein, M, Litvinovich, E, Lombardi, P, Lomskaya, I, Ludhova, L, Lukyanchenko, G, Lukyanchenko, L, Machulin, I, Manuzio, G, Marcocci, S, Maricic, J, Martyn, J, Meroni, E, Meyer, M, Miramonti, L, Misiaszek, M, Muratova, V, Neumair, B, Nieslony, M, Oberauer, L, Orekhov, V, Ortica, F, Pallavicini, M, Papp, L, Penek, O, Pietrofaccia, L, Pilipenko, N, Pocar, A, Raikov, G, Ranalli, M, Ranucci, G, Razeto, A, Re, A, Redchuk, M, Ricci, B, Romani, A, Rossi, N, Rottenanger, S, Schonert, S, Semenov, D, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sotnikov, A, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Thurn, J, Unzhakov, E, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, von Feilitzsch, F, Wojcik, M, Wurm, M, Zaimidoroga, O, Zavatarelli, S, Zuber, K, Zuzel, G, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: antineutrinos, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, solar flares, magnetic field: high, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, scintillation counter: liquid, elastic scattering, antineutrino/e: particle identification, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, neutrino: flux, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino: supernova, 26.65.+t, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Borexino, Elastic scattering, Physics, Solar flare, Supernova Relic Neutrinos, neutrino: energy spectrum, S067EB8, neutrinos, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), neutrino: magnetic moment, Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background, 3. Good health, Supernova, Homestake, ddc:540, neutrino: flavor, Antineutrino, Neutrino, 97.60.Bw, Homestake experiment, Flare, antineutrino/e: flux, Antineutrinos, 13.15.+G, 26.65.+T, 29.40.Mc, Diffuse supernova neutrino background, Neutrinos, Solar flares, Supernova relic neutrinos, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Supernova relic neutrino, supernova relic neutrinos, NO, Nuclear physics, 13.15.+g, PE2_2, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], diffuse supernova neutrino background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutrino: particle source, Gran Sasso, Solar Flares, 13. Climate action, spectral, High Energy Physics::Experiment, experimental results
Abstract: We report on searches for neutrinos and antineutrinos from astrophysical sources performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Electron antineutrinos ($\bar{\nu}_e$) are detected in an organic liquid scintillator through the inverse $\beta$-decay reaction. In the present work we set model-independent upper limits in the energy range 1.8-16.8 MeV on neutrino fluxes from unknown sources that improve our previous results, on average, by a factor 2.5. Using the same data set, we first obtain experimental constraints on the diffuse supernova $\bar{\nu}_e$ fluxes in the previously unexplored region below 8 MeV. A search for $\bar{\nu}_e$ in the solar neutrino flux is also presented: the presence of $\bar{\nu}_e$ would be a manifestation of a non-zero anomalous magnetic moment of the neutrino, making possible its conversion to antineutrinos in the strong magnetic field of the Sun. We obtain a limit for a solar $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux of 384 cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (90% C.L.), assuming an undistorted solar $^{8}$B neutrinos energy spectrum, that corresponds to a transition probability $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar\nu_{e}}$ 1.8 MeV. At lower energies, by investigating the spectral shape of elastic scattering events, we obtain a new limit on solar $^{7}$Be-$\nu_e$ conversion into $\bar{\nu}_e$ of $p_{ \nu_e \rightarrow \bar \nu_{e}}, Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, 73 references
Published: 2019

42. Seasonal Modulation of the $^7$Be Solar Neutrino Rate in Borexino

Author: Michael Wurm, F. von Feilitzsch, Aldo Romani, K. Choi, L. Di Noto, M. Carlini, B. Neumair, K. Fomenko, L. Papp, Alessandra Re, Fausto Ortica, J. Martyn, E. Litvinovich, G. Zuzel, D. Basilico, N. Rossi, Matteo Agostini, R. Tartaglia, E. V. Hungerford, Jay Burton Benziger, O. Zaimidoroga, Aldo Ianni, B. Opitz, Z. Yokley, H. Wang, Xuefeng Ding, D. Jeschke, Andrea Ianni, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, S. Davini, Kai Zuber, V. V. Kobychev, G. Testera, A. Sotnikov, F. Froborg, V. Atroshchenko, F. Lombardi, G. Bonfini, K. Altenmüller, Denis Korablev, Gioacchino Ranucci, P. Shakina, D. A. Semenov, I. N. Machulin, Cristiano Galbiati, Lino Miramonti, A. Razeto, Frank Calaprice, D. Kryn, Michele Montuschi, Manuel Meyer, R. B. Vogelaar, Marco Pallavicini, S. Caprioli, Y. Suvorov, D. D'Angelo, Livia Ludhova, J. Thurn, R. Roncin, Paolo Lombardi, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, Marco Giammarchi, A. Vishneva, M. Goeger-Neff, C. Ghiano, V. N. Muratova, A. Jany, G. Lukyanchenko, Caren Hagner, S. Appel, S. Schönert, Lothar Oberauer, P. Cavalcante, A. V. Derbin, M. Misiaszek, G. Bellini, Matthias Laubenstein, S. Marcocci, L. Borodikhina, M. Toropova, G. Korga, A. Caminata, F. Gabriele, M. Gromov, B. Caccianiga, T. Houdy, M. M. Wojcik, L.F.F. Stokes, E. Meroni, I. S. Drachnev, D. Bravo, B. Lehnert, S. Weinz, S. Manecki, D. Franco, G. Manuzio, A. Pocar, O. Smirnov, E. V. Unzhakov, M. D. Skorokhvatov, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), BOREXINO, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Agostini, M., Altenmueller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Borodikhina, L., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Caprioli, S., Carlini, M., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Ding, X. F., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Froborg, F., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Houdy, T., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Opitz, B., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Shakina, P., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Stokes, L. F. F., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, E., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA )
Subjects: liquid scintillators detectors, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, experimental methods, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, low background detectors, Solar neutrinos, 01 natural sciences, flux: time dependence, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Liquid scintillators detectors, Low background detectors, Neutrino oscillations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Borexino, neutrino: interaction, MSW effect, Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), neutrino electron: elastic scattering, modulation, Amplitude, Modulation, solar neutrinos, Neutrino, Liquid scintillators detector, FLUX, Low background detector, data analysis method, Neutrino oscillation, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], SPACED DATA, 010306 general physics, background: radioactivity, neutrino oscillations, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION, beryllium, Gran Sasso, High Energy Physics::Experiment, neutrino: oscillation, Event (particle physics), experimental results
Abstract: We detected the seasonal modulation of the $^7$Be neutrino interaction rate with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The period, amplitude, and phase of the observed time evolution of the signal are consistent with its solar origin, and the absence of an annual modulation is rejected at 99.99\% C.L. The data are analyzed using three methods: the sinusoidal fit, the Lomb-Scargle and the Empirical Mode Decomposition techniques, which all yield results in excellent agreement., Comment: 11 palese, 13 figures
Published: 2017

43. Measurement of neutrino flux from the primary proton–proton fusion process in the Sun with Borexino detector

Author: Anton Empl, R. Tartaglia, W. Maneschg, E. V. Hungerford, K. Otis, E. V. Unzhakov, D. Kryn, Denis Korablev, M. D. Skorokhvatov, Michael Wurm, A. Sotnikov, B. Neumair, V. N. Muratova, B. Lehnert, G. Korga, K. Fomenko, Andrea Ianni, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, L. Perasso, C. Ghiano, Z. Yokley, S. V. Sukhotin, Hui Wang, Caren Hagner, O. Yu. Smirnov, A.V. Etenko, D. Bravo, O. Zaimidoroga, A. Pocar, F. von Feilitzsch, S. Weinz, I. N. Machulin, M. Goeger-Neff, E. Litvinovich, N. Rossi, V. V. Kobychev, P. Cavalcante, Marco Pallavicini, D. D'Angelo, Jay Burton Benziger, S. Marcocci, J. Winter, M. Toropova, G. Testera, P. J. Mosteiro, Marcin Wójcik, M. Misiaszek, Matteo Agostini, S. Davini, L. Papp, Lothar Oberauer, G. Bellini, S. Appel, M. Obolensky, D. A. Semenov, D. Franco, Matthias Laubenstein, F. Gabriele, Fausto Ortica, K. Jedrzejczak, S. Schönert, Alessandra Re, M. Kaiser, Gioacchino Ranucci, Y. Suvorov, G. Bonfini, Aldo Romani, Frank Calaprice, G. Zuzel, Livia Ludhova, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, B. Caccianiga, L. Di Noto, L. Pagani, Hardy Simgen, G. Lukyanchenko, E. Meroni, Lino Miramonti, R. B. Vogelaar, Manuel Meyer, Marco Giammarchi, A. Caminata, Aldo Ianni, Paolo Lombardi, S. Manecki, J. Thurn, A. V. Derbin, Cristiano Galbiati, Kai Zuber, K. Choi, R. Roncin, F. Lombardi, A. Razeto, M. Gromov, I. S. Drachnev, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Borexino, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Smirnov, O. Yu., Agostini, M., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, luminosity: solar, Solar luminosity, PP, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, nuclear reaction, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Borexino, p p: interaction, Physics, Detector, photon, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, neutrino: detector, Neutrino detector, Physics::Space Physics, Neutrino, Energy source, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], PHYSICS, Nuclear physics, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], SOLAR, 010306 general physics, p p: fusion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, stability, CLIMATE, 13. Climate action, LUMINOSITY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, experimental results
Abstract: Neutrino produced in a chain of nuclear reactions in the Sun starting from the fusion of two protons, for the first time has been detected in a real-time detector in spectrometric mode. The unique properties of the Borexino detector provided an oppurtunity to disentangle pp-neutrino spectrum from the background components. A comparison of the total neutrino flux from the Sun with Solar luminosity in photons provides a test of the stability of the Sun on the 10$^{5}$ years time scale, and sets a strong limit on the power production in the unknown energy sources in the Sun of no more than 4\% of the total energy production at 90\% C.L., 15 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures
Published: 2015

44. Solar neutrino with Borexino: Results and perspectives

Author: K. Fomenko, Lino Miramonti, F. von Feilitzsch, Fabio Mantovani, Hui Wang, L. Papp, Fausto Ortica, G. Bellini, D. Franco, Cristiano Galbiati, O. Smirnov, R. Tartaglia, I. N. Machulin, D. Kryn, C. Ghiano, Andrea Ianni, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, Caren Hagner, Marco Pallavicini, G. Zuzel, D. D'Angelo, Barbara Ricci, S. V. Sukhotin, K. Otis, Aldo Romani, B. Lehnert, G. Testera, E. V. Hungerford, C. Salvo, P. Cavalcante, Gioacchino Ranucci, A. Sotnikov, Denis Korablev, A. Wright, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, M. Obolensky, M. Misiaszek, G. Lukyanchenko, Lothar Oberauer, D. Vignaud, M. Göger-Neff, P. J. Mosteiro, G. Korga, S. Gazzana, Matthias Laubenstein, Y. Suvorov, B. Caccianiga, Livia Ludhova, R. Saldanha, M. D. Skorokhvatov, G. Bonfini, Michael Wurm, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, V. N. Muratova, Frank Calaprice, A. Pocar, E. Meroni, V. V. Kobychev, S. Davini, J. Winter, S. Marcocci, Hardy Simgen, Marco Giammarchi, F. Lombardi, A. E. Chavarria, Q. Meindl, A. Razeto, L. Perasso, S. Schönert, A.V. Etenko, D. Bravo, Marcin Wójcik, Giovanni Fiorentini, Manuel Meyer, Alessandra Re, A. V. Derbin, Paolo Lombardi, A. Empl, Kai Zuber, R. B. Vogelaar, A. Caminata, Jay Burton Benziger, Aldo Ianni, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, N. Rossi, Smirnov, O., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Fiorentini, G., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Mantovani, F., Marcocci, S., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., Zuzel, G., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Dept. Microelectronics and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), departement de physique, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica [Minas Gerais] (DEE - UFMG), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO)
Subjects: Sterile neutrino, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Neutrino oscillation, DETECTOR, Borexino, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Borexino is a unique detector able to perform measurement of solar neutrinos fluxes in the energy region around 1 MeV or below due to its low level of radioactive background. It was constructed at the LNGS underground laboratory with a goal of solar $^{7}$Be neutrino flux measurement with 5\% precision. The goal has been successfully achieved marking the end of the first stage of the experiment. A number of other important measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have been performed during the first stage. Recently the collaboration conducted successful liquid scintillator repurification campaign aiming to reduce main contaminants in the sub-MeV energy range. With the new levels of radiopurity Borexino can improve existing and challenge a number of new measurements including: improvement of the results on the Solar and terrestrial neutrino fluxes measurements; measurement of pp and CNO solar neutrino fluxes; search for non-standard interactions of neutrino; study of the neutrino oscillations on the short baseline with an artificial neutrino source (search for sterile neutrino) in context of SOX project., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2015

45. Low-energy (anti)neutrino physics with Borexino: Neutrinos from the primary proton-proton fusion process in the Sun

Author: A. V. Derbin, Al. Ianni, A. Empl, M. Obolensky, Matthias Laubenstein, M. Göger-Neff, Hui Wang, M. D. Skorokhvatov, G. Bonfini, An. Ianni, Michael Wurm, Frank Calaprice, J. Winter, S. Manecki, Hardy Simgen, P. J. Mosteiro, D. Franco, Marcin Wójcik, Michele Montuschi, Gioacchino Ranucci, I. N. Machulin, T. Lewke, D. Kryn, A. E. Chavarria, E. Meroni, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, Jay Burton Benziger, L. Perasso, G. Bellini, Cristiano Galbiati, C. Ghiano, R. Saldanha, Marco Pallavicini, D. D'Angelo, Aldo Romani, Caren Hagner, O. Smirnov, Q. Meindl, Manuel Meyer, P. Cavalcante, E. Litvinovich, A.V. Etenko, N. Rossi, M. Misiaszek, Marco Giammarchi, K. Otis, Paolo Lombardi, D. Bravo, M. Gromov, S. Gazzana, G. Zuzel, G. Lukyanchenko, S. V. Sukhotin, K. Fomenko, G. Testera, R. Tartaglia, E. V. Hungerford, A. Wright, O. Zaimidoroga, V. N. Muratova, Lino Miramonti, S. Marcocci, Lothar Oberauer, V. V. Kobychev, A. Sotnikov, Denis Korablev, B. Lehnert, G. Korga, A. Pocar, F. Gabriele, D. Vignaud, B. Caccianiga, W. Maneschg, C. Salvo, F. von Feilitzsch, S. Schönert, S. Davini, Laura Cadonati, L. Papp, Y. Suvorov, Livia Ludhova, Kai Zuber, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, Fausto Ortica, F. Lombardi, A. Razeto, A. Caminata, Alessandra Re, R. B. Vogelaar, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mosteiro, P., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chavarria, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Empl, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Al., Ianni, An., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lewke, T., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meindl, Q., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Otis, K., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Saldanha, R., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wright, A., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, nuclear reaction, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Positron, star, Primary (astronomy), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Borexino, Physics, SPECTROSCOPY, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), SOLAR NEUTRINOS, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Neutrino, model: solar, deuteron, GRAN SASSO, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], talk: Conca Specchiulla 2014/09/07, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, DETECTOR, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), neutrino: model, p p: fusion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, spectral, High Energy Physics::Experiment, neutrino: oscillation, experimental results
Abstract: The Sun is fueled by a series of nuclear reactions that produce the energy that makes it shine. The primary reaction is the fusion of two protons into a deuteron, a positron and a neutrino. These neutrinos constitute the vast majority of neutrinos reaching Earth, providing us with key information about what goes on at the core of our star. Several experiments have now confirmed the observation of neutrino oscillations by detecting neutrinos from secondary nuclear processes in the Sun; this is the first direct spectral measurement of the neutrinos from the keystone proton-proton fusion. This observation is a crucial step towards the completion of the spectroscopy of pp-chain neutrinos, as well as further validation of the LMA-MSW model of neutrino oscillations., Comment: Proceedings from NOW (Neutrino Oscillation Workshop) 2014
Published: 2014

46. Recent Borexino results and prospects for the near future

Author: D. Kryn, L. Papp, Y. Suvorov, Livia Ludhova, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, E. Litvinovich, N. Rossi, M. S. Meyer, P. J. Mosteiro, Michele Montuschi, M. D. Skorokhvatov, Michael Wurm, G. Zuzel, Fausto Ortica, I. N. Machulin, A. Vishneva, E. V. Hungerford, Marco Pallavicini, D. D'Angelo, A. V. Derbin, R. Tartaglia, A. Sotnikov, Paolo Lombardi, W. Maneschg, G. Testera, Hui Wang, S. Appel, M. Goeger-Neff, Marco Giammarchi, Denis Korablev, M. Gromov, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, J. Winter, M. Obolensky, Matteo Agostini, K. Jedrzejczak, G. Bellini, D. Franco, C. Ghiano, Kai Zuber, S. Davini, Caren Hagner, L. Perasso, F. Lombardi, A. Razeto, B. Caccianiga, P. Cavalcante, B. Lehnert, A.V. Etenko, M. Misiaszek, D. Bravo, G. Bonfini, Alessandra Re, D. A. Semenov, S. Weinz, Frank Calaprice, A. Caminata, Hardy Simgen, I. S. Drachnev, Aldo Ianni, V. N. Muratova, S. V. Sukhotin, B. Neumair, O. Zaimidoroga, G. Korga, K. Fomenko, Lino Miramonti, V. V. Kobychev, S. Schönert, Andrea Ianni, D. Bick, Sandra Zavatarelli, A. Pocar, Gioacchino Ranucci, Aldo Romani, L. Di Noto, O. Smirnov, E. V. Unzhakov, Marcin Wójcik, J. Thurn, R. Roncin, S. Manecki, K. Altenmüller, G. Lukyanchenko, Cristiano Galbiati, S. Marcocci, M. Toropova, Jay Burton Benziger, F. Gabriele, Matthias Laubenstein, M. Kaiser, E. Meroni, Z. Yokley, Lothar Oberauer, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Borexino, AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), D'Angelo, D., Agostini, M., Altenmueller, K., Appel, S., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goeger-Neff, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jedrzejczak, K., Kaiser, M., Kobychev, V., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, F., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Manecki, S., Maneschg, W., Marcocci, S., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Mosteiro, P., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Romani, A., Roncin, R., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Toropova, M., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wang, H., Weinz, S., Winter, J., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Yokley, Z., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Sterile neutrino, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutrino: solar, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, scintillation counter: liquid, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics and Astronomy (all), Low energy, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Borexino, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, neutrino: energy: low, geophysics, background, Detector, neutrino: flux: measured, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), neutrino: particle source, neutrino: sterile, antineutrino, Gran Sasso, NEUTRINOS, 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, National laboratory
Abstract: The Borexino experiment, located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The data taking campaign phase I (2007 - 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be, 8B and pep fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase II since 2011. We review here the recent results achieved during 2013, concerning the seasonal modulation in the 7Be signal, the study of cosmogenic backgrounds and the updated measurement of geo-neutrinos. We also review the upcoming measurements from phase II data (pp, pep, CNO) and the project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a 51Cr neutrino source and a 144Ce-144Pr antineutrino source placed in close proximity of the active material., 8 pages, 11 figures. To be published as proceedings of Rencontres de Moriond EW 2014
Published: 2014

47. Pulse-shape discrimination with the counting test facility

Author: A.V. Etenko, M. Goeger, F. Dalnoki-Veress, Gioacchino Ranucci, H.O. Back, R. Tartaglia, M. E. Monzani, V. Muratova, A. Pocar, Lino Miramonti, D. Vignaud, Sandra Zavatarelli, G. Bellini, I. Manno, D. Kryn, Andrew Sonnenschein, Aldo Ianni, Paolo Lombardi, S. Bonetti, Cristiano Galbiati, G. Zuzel, Bryant Williams, C. Grieb, Frank Calaprice, S. V. Sukhotin, D. Franco, M. Balata, M. D. Skorokhvatov, O. Zaimidoroga, D. Manuzio, S. Schönert, D. Montanari, E. Litvinovich, Hardy Simgen, An. Ianni, L. Niedermeier, Jay Burton Benziger, S. Gazzana, Michael K.H. Leung, A. A. Sabelnikov, Lothar Oberauer, S. Hardy, L. Perasso, B. Caccianiga, M. Obolensky, H. de Kerret, Y. Kozlov, G. Korga, K. Fomenko, Matthias Laubenstein, R. B. Vogelaar, O. Smirnov, I. N. Machulin, A. de Bellefon, A. Sotnikov, C. Salvo, Marco Pallavicini, D. D'Angelo, E. Meroni, A. V. Derbin, R. S. Raghavan, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Misiaszek, G. Manuzio, L. Papp, Fausto Ortica, T. A. Shutt, R. J. Ford, Marco Giammarchi, K. McCarty, Fausto Masetti, A. Razeto, G. Testera, Livia Ludhova, A. M. Goretti, M. M. Wojcik, V. G. Tarasenkov, Y. Suvorov, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Neutrinos, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Borexino, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Back, H. O., Balata, M., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bonetti, S., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Dalnoki-Veress, F., D'Angelo, D., de Bellefon, A., de Kerret, H., Derbin, A., Etenko, A., Fomenko, K., Ford, R., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Gazzana, S., Giammarchi, M. G., Goeger, M., Goretti, A., Grieb, C., Hardy, S., Ianni, A., Ianni, A. M., Korga, G., Kozlov, Y., Kryn, D., Laubenstein, M., Leung, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Manno, I., Manuzio, D., Manuzio, G., Masetti, F., Mccarty, K., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montanari, D., Monzani, M. E., Muratova, V., Niedermeier, L., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Perasso, L., Pocar, A., Raghavan, R. S., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Sabelnikov, A., Salvo, C., Schoenert, S., Shutt, T., Simgen, H., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sonnenschein, A., Sotnikov, A., Sukhotin, S., Suvorov, Y., Tarasenkov, V., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Vignaud, D., Vogelaar, R. B., Von Feilitzsch, F., Williams, B., W'Ojcik, M., Zalmidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, pulse shape discrimination, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Waveform, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation, liquid scintillator, LIQUID SCINTILLATORS, Borexino, Physics, Signal processing, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Liquid scintillation counting, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), TIME, business
Abstract: Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is one of the most distinctive features of liquid scintillators. Since the introduction of the scintillation techniques in the field of particle detection, many studies have been carried out to characterize intrinsic properties of the most common liquid scintillator mixtures in this respect. Several application methods and algorithms able to achieve optimum discrimination performances have been developed. However, the vast majority of these studies have been performed on samples of small dimensions. The Counting Test Facility, prototype of the solar neutrino experiment Borexino, as a 4 ton spherical scintillation detector immersed in 1000 tons of shielding water, represents a unique opportunity to extend the small-sample PSD studies to a large-volume setup. Specifically, in this work we consider two different liquid scintillation mixtures employed in CTF, illustrating for both the PSD characterization results obtained either with the processing of the scintillation waveform through the optimum Gatti's method, or via a more conventional approach based on the charge content of the scintillation tail. The outcomes of this study, while interesting per se, are also of paramount importance in view of the expected Borexino detector performances, where PSD will be an essential tool in the framework of the background rejection strategy needed to achieve the required sensitivity to the solar neutrino signals., 39 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A
Published: 2008

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