Author: "Wimmer P" / Topic: physics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. The Greatest Shadow on Earth

Author: Hughes, Stephen, Wimmer, Jason, Towsey, Michael, Fahmi, Marco, Winslett, Greg, Dubler, Gabriel, Le Prou, Angela, and Loose, David
Abstract: In a total solar eclipse, the Moon completely covers the Sun, casting a shadow several hundred km wide across the face of the Earth. This paper describes observations of the 14 November 2012 total eclipse of the Sun visible from north Queensland, Australia. The edge of the umbra was captured on video during totality, and this video is provided for teaching purposes. A series of simple "kitchen" experiments are described which demonstrate the "sunset" effect seen on the horizon during a total solar eclipse and also the curved umbra seen in the sky when the eclipsed Sun is relatively close to the horizon.
Published: 2014
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2. Enhancing the excitation gap of a quantum-dot-based Kitaev chain

Author: Chun-Xiao Liu, A. Mert Bozkurt, Francesco Zatelli, Sebastiaan L. D. ten Haaf, Tom Dvir, and Michael Wimmer
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Abstract Connecting double quantum dots via a semiconductor-superconductor hybrid segment offers a platform for creating a two-site Kitaev chain that hosts Majorana zero modes at a finely tuned sweet spot. However, the effective couplings mediated by Andreev bound states in the hybrid are generally weak in the tunneling regime. As a consequence, the excitation gap is limited in size, presenting a formidable challenge for using this platform to demonstrate non-Abelian statistics and realize topological quantum computing. Here we systematically study the effects of increasing the dot-hybrid coupling. In particular, the proximity effect transforms the dot orbitals into Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, and as the coupling strength increases, the excitation gap is significantly enhanced and sensitivity to local perturbation is reduced. We also discuss how the strong-coupling regime shows in experimentally accessible quantities, such as conductance, and provide a protocol for tuning a double-dot system into a sweet spot with a large excitation gap.
Published: 2024
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3. Triaxial deformation of neutron-rich Zr nuclei explored by high-resolution in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy

Author: B. Moon, W. Korten, K. Wimmer, P. Doornenbal, T.R. Rodríguez, N. Aoi, H. Baba, F. Browne, C. Campbell, S. Chen, H. Crawford, H. de Witte, C. Fransen, H. Hess, E. Ideguchi, S. Iwazaki, J. Kim, N. Kitamura, A. Kohda, T. Koiwai, B. Mauss, R. Mizuno, M. Niikura, T. Parry, P. Reiter, H. Sakurai, D. Suzuki, R. Taniuchi, S. Thiel, and Y. Yamamoto
Subjects: Triaxial deformation, Harmonic-oscillator shell closure, Lifetime measurement, In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Lifetimes of excited states in the very exotic nuclides 108Zr68 and 110Zr70 were measured for the first time applying high-resolution in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at relativistic energies. The experiment was carried out at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory in RIKEN, using nucleon removal reactions of radioactive Nb ions to produce 108Zr and 110Zr. Emitted γ rays from the excited states were measured by the High-resolution Cluster Array at RIBF (HiCARI) and lifetimes were extracted from the observed line shapes caused by relativistic Doppler-shift effects. In addition to the new lifetime information, the precision of the E(21+) and R4/2=E(41+)/E(21+) values of 110Zr could be significantly improved. The low-lying 22+ states in both nuclei are also newly observed, which are indicative of the triaxiality. The various physical quantities were compared with theoretical models to investigate the collectivity in Zr isotopes towards N=70. Together the experimental and theoretical results point at a reduction of the axial deformation while triaxial collectivity increases.
Published: 2024
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4. Spectroscopy of deeply bound orbitals in neutron-rich Ca isotopes

Author: P.J. Li, J. Lee, P. Doornenbal, S. Chen, S. Wang, A. Obertelli, Y. Chazono, J.D. Holt, B.S. Hu, K. Ogata, Y. Utsuno, K. Yoshida, N.L. Achouri, H. Baba, F. Browne, D. Calvet, F. Château, N. Chiga, A. Corsi, M.L. Cortés, A. Delbart, J.-M. Gheller, A. Giganon, A. Gillibert, C. Hilaire, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kubota, V. Lapoux, H.N. Liu, T. Motobayashi, I. Murray, H. Otsu, V. Panin, N. Paul, W. Rodriguez, H. Sakurai, M. Sasano, D. Steppenbeck, L. Stuhl, Y.L. Sun, Y. Togano, T. Uesaka, K. Wimmer, K. Yoneda, O. Aktas, T. Aumann, K. Boretzky, C. Caesar, L.X. Chung, F. Flavigny, S. Franchoo, I. Gasparic, R.-B. Gerst, J. Gibelin, K.I. Hahn, J. Kahlbow, D. Kim, T. Koiwai, Y. Kondo, D. Körper, P. Koseoglou, C. Lehr, B.D. Linh, T. Lokotko, M. MacCormick, K. Miki, K. Moschner, T. Nakamura, S.Y. Park, D. Rossi, E. Sahin, F. Schindler, H. Simon, P.-A. Söderström, D. Sohler, S. Takeuchi, H. Toernqvist, J. Tscheuschner, V. Vaquero, V. Wagner, V. Werner, X. Xu, H. Yamada, D. Yan, Z. Yang, M. Yasuda, and L. Zanetti
Subjects: Unbound states, Knockout reaction, Single-particle strength, Shell evolution, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The calcium isotopes are an ideal system to investigate the evolution of shell structure and magic numbers. Although the properties of surface nucleons in calcium have been well studied, probing the structure of deeply bound nucleons remains a challenge. Here, we report on the first measurement of unbound states in 53Ca and 55Ca, populated from 54,56Ca(p,pn) reactions at a beam energy of around 216 MeV/nucleon at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotopes Beam Factory. The resonance properties, partial cross sections, and momentum distributions of these unbound states were analyzed. Orbital angular momentum l assignments were extracted from momentum distributions based on calculations using the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) reaction model. The resonances at excitation energies of 5516(41)keV in 53Ca and 6000(250)keV in 55Ca indicate a significant l =3 component, providing the first experimental evidence for the ν0f7/2 single-particle strength of unbound hole states in the neutron-rich Ca isotopes. The observed excitation energies and cross-sections point towards extremely localized and well separated strength distributions, with some fragmentation for the ν0f7/2 orbital in 55Ca. These results are in good agreement with predictions from shell-model calculations using the effective GXPF1Bs interaction and ab initio calculations and diverge markedly from the experimental distributions in the nickel isotones at Z=28.
Published: 2024
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5. The shape of the Tz = +1 nucleus 94Pd and the role of proton-neutron interactions on the structure of its excited states

Author: A. Yaneva, S. Jazrawi, M. Mikołajczuk, M. Górska, P.H. Regan, B. Das, H.M. Albers, S. Alhomaidhi, T. Arici, A. Banerjee, G. Benzoni, B. Cederwall, M.M.R. Chishti, D.D. Dao, T. Davinson, A. Gargano, J. Gerl, O. Hall, N. Hubbard, J. Jolie, I. Kojouharov, A.K. Mistry, F. Nowacki, M. Polettini, M. Rudigier, E. Şahin, H. Schaffner, A. Sharma, M. Armstrong, H.J. Wollersheim, P. Boutachkov, T. Dickel, E. Haettner, H. Heggen, Ch. Hornung, R. Knöbel, D. Kostyleva, N. Kurz, N. Kuzminchuk, I. Mukha, S. Pietri, W.R. Plass, Zs. Podolyák, C. Scheidenberger, Y.K. Tanaka, J. Vesic, H. Weick, U. Ahmed, Ö. Aktas, A. Algora, C. Appleton, J. Benito, A. Blazhev, A. Bracco, A.M. Bruce, M. Brunet, R. Canavan, A. Esmaylzadeh, L.M. Fraile, G. Häfner, K.P. Hucka, P.R. John, D. Kahl, V. Karayonchev, R. Kern, G. Košir, R. Lozeva, P. Napiralla, B.S. Nara Singh, R. Page, C.M. Petrache, N. Pietralla, J.-M. Régis, H. Rösch, P. Ruotsalainen, V. Sanchez-Temble, L. Sexton, R. Shearman, M. Si, V. Werner, J. Wiederhold, K. Wimmer, W. Witt, P. Woods, and G. Zimba
Subjects: γ spectroscopy, Fast-timing γ-ray coincidences, pn interaction, Isovector vs. isoscalar pairing, Shell model, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Reduced transition probabilities have been extracted between excited, yrast states in the N=Z+2 nucleus 94Pd. The transitions of interest were observed following decays of the Iπ=14+, Ex=2129-keV isomeric state, which was populated following the projectile fragmentation of a 124Xe primary beam at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung accelerator facility as part of FAIR Phase-0. Experimental information regarding the reduced E2 transition strengths for the decays of the yrast 8+ and 6+ states was determined following isomer-delayed Eγ1−Eγ2−△T2,1 coincidence method, using the LaBr3(Ce)-based FATIMA fast-timing coincidence gamma-ray array, which allowed direct determination of lifetimes of states in 94Pd using the Generalized Centroid Difference (GCD) method. The experimental value for the half-life of the yrast 8+ state of 755(106) ps results in a reduced transition probability of B(E2:8→+6+) = 205−25+34 e2fm4, which enables a precise verification of shell-model calculations for this unique system, lying directly between the N=Z line and the N=50 neutron shell closure. The determined B(E2) value provides an insight into the purity of (g9/2)n configurations in competition with admixtures from excitations between the (lower) N=3pf and (higher) N=4gds orbitals for the first time. The results indicate weak collectivity expected for near-zero quadrupole deformation and an increasing importance of the T=0 proton-neutron interaction at N=48.
Published: 2024
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6. Flux-tunable Kitaev chain in a quantum dot array

Author: Juan Daniel Torres Luna, A. Mert Bozkurt, Michael Wimmer, Chun-Xiao Liu
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Connecting quantum dots through Andreev bound states in a semiconductor-superconductor hybrid provides a platform to create a Kitaev chain. Interestingly, in a double quantum dot, a pair of poor man's Majorana zero modes can emerge when the system is fine-tuned to a sweet spot, where superconducting and normal couplings are equal in magnitude. Control of the Andreev bound states is crucial for achieving this, usually implemented by varying its chemical potential. In this work, we propose using Andreev bound states in a short Josephson junction to mediate both types of couplings, with the ratio tunable by the phase difference across the junction. Now a minimal Kitaev chain can be easily tuned into the strong coupling regime by varying the phase and junction asymmetry, even without changing the dot-hybrid coupling strength. Furthermore, we identify an optimal sweet spot at $\pi$ phase, enhancing the excitation gap and robustness against phase fluctuations. Our proposal introduces a new device platform and a new tuning method for realizing quantum-dot-based Kitaev chains.
Published: 2024
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7. Position of the single-particle 3/2− state in 135Sn and the N=90 subshell closure

Author: A. Jungclaus, P. Doornenbal, J. Acosta, V. Vaquero, F. Browne, M.L. Cortes, A. Gargano, T. Koiwai, H. Naïdja, R. Taniuchi, J.A. Tostevin, K. Wimmer, A. Algora, H. Baba, A. Fernández, N. Lalović, E. Nácher, B. Rubio, and H. Sakurai
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The decay of excited states of the nucleus 135Sn, with three neutrons outside the doubly-magic 132Sn core, was studied in an experiment performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. Several γ rays emitted from excited 135Sn ions were observed following one-neutron and one-neutron-one-proton removal from 136Sn and 137Sb beams, respectively, on a beryllium target at relativistic energies. Based on the analogy to 133Sn populated via one-neutron removal from 134Sn, an excitation energy of 695(15) keV is assigned to the 3/2− state with strongest single-particle character in 135Sn. This result provides the first direct information about the evolution of the neutron shell structure beyond N=82 and thus allows for a crucial test of shell-model calculations in this region. The experimental findings are in full agreement with calculations performed employing microscopic effective two-body interactions derived from CD-Bonn and N3LO nucleon-nucleon potentials, which do not predict a pronounced subshell gap at neutron number N=90. The occurrence of such a gap in 140Sn, i.e., when the 1f7/2 orbital is completely filled, had been proposed in the past, in analogy to the magicity of 48Ca, featuring a completely filled 0f7/2 orbital one harmonic oscillator shell below.
Published: 2024
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8. Neutron capture reaction cross-section of 79Se through the 79Se(d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics

Author: N. Imai, M. Dozono, S. Michimasa, T. Sumikama, S. Ota, S. Hayakawa, J.W. Hwang, K. Iribe, C. Iwamoto, S. Kawase, K. Kawata, N. Kitamura, S. Masuoka, K. Nakano, P. Schrock, D. Suzuki, R. Tsunoda, K. Wimmer, D.S. Ahn, O. Beliuskina, N. Chiga, N. Fukuda, E. Ideguchi, K. Kusaka, H. Miki, H. Miyatake, D. Nagae, S. Ohmika, M. Ohtake, H.J. Ong, H. Otsu, H. Sakurai, H. Shimizu, Y. Shimizu, X. Sun, H. Suzuki, M. Takaki, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, T. Teranishi, Y. Watanabe, Y.X. Watanabe, K. Yako, H. Yamada, H. Yamaguchi, L. Yang, R. Yanagihara, Y. Yanagisawa, K. Yoshida, and S. Shimoura
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: γ emission probabilities from unbound states in 78,80Se, populated by a neutron-transfer reaction (d,p) on 77,79Se nuclei in inverse kinematics, were measured by directly detecting reaction residues. Assuming the spin distribution at the respective excitation energy of the unbound state, the cross-sections of the 79Se(n,γ)80Se reaction were evaluated using the γ emission probabilities. The surrogate-ratio method with the experimental γ emission probabilities of 78,80Se was also employed to deduce the cross-sections of 79Se(n,γ) reaction by incorporating the theoretical evaluations of the neutron-capture reaction on the isomeric state in 77Se. Our two cross-sections are in good agreement with existing nuclear data compilations for the neutron-capture reaction on 79Se. The presented method contributes to the body of existing knowledge by providing approaches for determining the neutron capture cross-sections of radioactive nuclei at various neutron energies.
Published: 2024
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9. Isospin symmetry in the T = 1,A = 62 triplet

Author: K. Wimmer, P. Ruotsalainen, S.M. Lenzi, A. Poves, T. Hüyük, F. Browne, P. Doornenbal, T. Koiwai, T. Arici, K. Auranen, M.A. Bentley, M.L. Cortés, C. Delafosse, T. Eronen, Z. Ge, T. Grahn, P.T. Greenlees, A. Illana, N. Imai, H. Joukainen, R. Julin, A. Jungclaus, H. Jutila, A. Kankainen, N. Kitamura, B. Longfellow, J. Louko, R. Lozeva, M. Luoma, B. Mauss, D.R. Napoli, M. Niikura, J. Ojala, J. Pakarinen, X. Pereira-Lopez, P. Rahkila, F. Recchia, M. Sandzelius, J. Sarén, R. Taniuchi, H. Tann, S. Uthayakumaar, J. Uusitalo, V. Vaquero, R. Wadsworth, G. Zimba, and R. Yajzey
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Excited states in the Tz=0,−1 nuclei 62Ga and 62Ge were populated in direct reactions of relativistic radioactive ion beams at the RIBF. Coincident γ rays were measured with the DALI2+ array and uniquely assigned to the A=62 isobars. In addition, 62Ge was also studied independently at JYFL-ACCLAB using the 24Mg(40Ca,2n)62Ge fusion-evaporation reaction. The first excited T=1,Jπ=2+ states in 62Ga and 62Ge were identified at 979(1) and 965(1) keV, respectively, resolving discrepant interpretations in the literature. States beyond the first 2+ state in 62Ge were also identified for the first time in the present work. The results are compared with shell-model calculations in the fp model space. Mirror and triplet energy differences are analyzed in terms of individual charge-symmetry and charge-independence breaking contributions. The MED results confirm the shrinkage of the p-orbits' radii when they are occupied by at least one nucleon on average.
Published: 2023
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10. Fermionic quantum computation with Cooper pair splitters

Author: Kostas Vilkelis, Antonio Manesco, Juan Daniel Torres Luna, Sebastian Miles, Michael Wimmer, Anton Akhmerov
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We propose a practical implementation of a universal quantum computer that uses local fermionic modes (LFM) rather than qubits. The device consists of quantum dots tunnel-coupled by a hybrid superconducting island and a tunable capacitive coupling between the dots. We show that coherent control of Cooper pair splitting, elastic cotunneling, and Coulomb interactions implements the universal set of quantum gates defined by Bravyi and Kitaev [Ann. Phys. 298, 210 (2002)]. Due to the similarity with charge qubits, we expect charge noise to be the main source of decoherence. For this reason, we also consider an alternative design where the quantum dots have tunable coupling to the superconductor. In this second device design, we show that there is a sweet spot for which the local fermionic modes are charge neutral, making the device insensitive to charge noise effects. Finally, we compare both designs and their experimental limitations and suggest future efforts to overcome them.
Published: 2024
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11. Level structures of 56,58Ca cast doubt on a doubly magic 60Ca

Author: S. Chen, F. Browne, P. Doornenbal, J. Lee, A. Obertelli, Y. Tsunoda, T. Otsuka, Y. Chazono, G. Hagen, J.D. Holt, G.R. Jansen, K. Ogata, N. Shimizu, Y. Utsuno, K. Yoshida, N.L. Achouri, H. Baba, D. Calvet, F. Château, N. Chiga, A. Corsi, M.L. Cortés, A. Delbart, J.-M. Gheller, A. Giganon, A. Gillibert, C. Hilaire, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kubota, V. Lapoux, H.N. Liu, T. Motobayashi, I. Murray, H. Otsu, V. Panin, N. Paul, W. Rodriguez, H. Sakurai, M. Sasano, D. Steppenbeck, L. Stuhl, Y.L. Sun, Y. Togano, T. Uesaka, K. Wimmer, K. Yoneda, O. Aktas, T. Aumann, L.X. Chung, F. Flavigny, S. Franchoo, I. Gasparic, R.-B. Gerst, J. Gibelin, K.I. Hahn, D. Kim, T. Koiwai, Y. Kondo, P. Koseoglou, C. Lehr, B.D. Linh, T. Lokotko, M. MacCormick, K. Moschner, T. Nakamura, S.Y. Park, D. Rossi, E. Sahin, P.-A. Söderström, D. Sohler, S. Takeuchi, H. Törnqvist, V. Vaquero, V. Wagner, S. Wang, V. Werner, X. Xu, H. Yamada, D. Yan, Z. Yang, M. Yasuda, and L. Zanetti
Subjects: Shell evolution, γ Ray spectroscopy, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Gamma decays were observed in 56Ca and 58Ca following quasi-free one-proton knockout reactions from 57,59Sc beams at ≈200 MeV/nucleon. For 56Ca, a γ ray transition was measured to be 1456(12) keV, while for 58Ca an indication for a transition was observed at 1115(34) keV. Both transitions were tentatively assigned as the 21+→0gs+ decays, and were compared to results from ab initio and conventional shell-model approaches. A shell-model calculation in a wide model space with a marginally modified effective nucleon-nucleon interaction depicts excellent agreement with experiment for 21+ level energies, two-neutron separation energies, and reaction cross sections, corroborating the formation of a new nuclear shell above the N = 34 shell. Its constituents, the 0f5/2 and 0g9/2 orbitals, are almost degenerate. This degeneracy precludes the possibility for a doubly magic 60Ca and potentially drives the dripline of Ca isotopes to 70Ca or even beyond.
Published: 2023
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12. Axial and triaxial degrees of freedom in 72Zn

Author: S. Hellgartner, D. Mücher, K. Wimmer, V. Bildstein, J.L. Egido, R. Gernhäuser, R. Krücken, A.K. Nowak, M. Zielińska, C. Bauer, M.L.L. Benito, S. Bottoni, H. De Witte, J. Elseviers, D. Fedorov, F. Flavigny, A. Illana, M. Klintefjord, T. Kröll, R. Lutter, B. Marsh, R. Orlandi, J. Pakarinen, R. Raabe, E. Rapisarda, S. Reichert, P. Reiter, M. Scheck, M. Seidlitz, B. Siebeck, E. Siesling, T. Steinbach, T. Stora, M. Vermeulen, D. Voulot, N. Warr, and F.J.C. Wenander
Subjects: Multiple Coulomb excitation, 72Zn, N=40 sub-shell closure, Triaxiality, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The unstable N=42 nucleus 72Zn has been studied using multiple safe Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The experiment was performed at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN making first use of the silicon detector array C-REX in combination with the γ-ray spectrometer Miniball. The high angular coverage of C-REX allowed to determine the reduced transition strengths for the decay of the yrast 01+, 21+ and 41+ as well as of the 02+ and 22+ states in 72Zn. The quadrupole moments of the 21+, 41+ and 22+ states were extracted. Using model independent quadrupole invariants, the ground state of 72Zn was found to have an average deformation in the γ degree of freedom close to maximum triaxiality. In comparison to experimental data in zinc isotopes with N
Published: 2023
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13. Diurnal evolution of negative atmospheric ions above the boreal forest: from ground level to the free troposphere

Author: L. J. Beck, S. Schobesberger, H. Junninen, J. Lampilahti, A. Manninen, L. Dada, K. Leino, X.-C. He, I. Pullinen, L. L. J. Quéléver, A. Franck, P. Poutanen, D. Wimmer, F. Korhonen, M. Sipilä, M. Ehn, D. R. Worsnop, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, M. Kulmala, and J. Duplissy
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: At SMEAR II research station in Hyytiälä, located in the Finnish boreal forest, the process of new particle formation and the role of ions has been investigated for almost 20 years near the ground and at canopy level. However, above SMEAR II, the vertical distribution and diurnal variation of these different atmospheric ions are poorly characterized. In this study, we assess the atmospheric ion composition in the stable boundary layer, residual layer, mixing layer, and free troposphere, and the evolution of these atmospheric ions due to photochemistry and turbulent mixing through the day. To measure the vertical profile of atmospheric ions, we developed a tailored set-up for online mass spectrometric measurements, capable of being deployed in a Cessna 172 with minimal modifications. Simultaneously, instruments dedicated to aerosol properties made measurements in a second Cessna. We conducted a total of 16 measurement flights in May 2017, during the spring, which is the most active new particle formation season. A flight day typically consisted of three distinct flights through the day (dawn, morning, and afternoon) to observe the diurnal variation and at different altitudes (from 100 to 3200 m above ground), to capture the boundary layer development from the stable boundary layer, residual layer to mixing layer, and the free troposphere. Our observations showed that the ion composition is distinctly different in each layer and depends on the air mass origin and time of the day. Before sunrise, the layers are separated from each other and have their own ion chemistry. We observed that the ions present within the stable layer are of the same composition as the ions measured at the canopy level. During daytime when the mixing layer evolved and the compounds are vertically mixed, we observed that highly oxidized organic molecules are distributed to the top of the boundary layer. The ion composition in the residual layer varies with each day, showing similarities with either the stable boundary layer or the free troposphere. Finally, within the free troposphere, we detected a variety of carboxylic acids and ions that are likely containing halogens, originating from the Arctic Sea.
Published: 2022
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14. Tunable Crossed Andreev Reflection and Elastic Cotunneling in Hybrid Nanowires

Author: Alberto Bordin, Guanzhong Wang, Chun-Xiao Liu, Sebastiaan L. D. ten Haaf, Nick van Loo, Grzegorz P. Mazur, Di Xu, David van Driel, Francesco Zatelli, Sasa Gazibegovic, Ghada Badawy, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, Michael Wimmer, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, and Tom Dvir
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A short superconducting segment can couple attached quantum dots via elastic cotunneling (ECT) and crossed Andreev reflection (CAR). Such coupled quantum dots can host Majorana bound states provided that the ratio between CAR and ECT can be controlled. Metallic superconductors have so far been shown to mediate such tunneling phenomena, albeit with limited tunability. Here, we show that Andreev bound states formed in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures can mediate CAR and ECT over mesoscopic length scales. Andreev bound states possess both an electron and a hole component, giving rise to an intricate interference phenomenon that allows us to tune the ratio between CAR and ECT deterministically. We further show that the combination of intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in InSb nanowires and an applied magnetic field provides another efficient knob to tune the ratio between ECT and CAR and optimize the amount of coupling between neighboring quantum dots.
Published: 2023
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15. An in-flight plasma diagnostic package for spacecraft with electric propulsion

Author: Thomas Trottenberg, Florian Bansemer, Stephan Böttcher, Davar Feili, Hartmut Henkel, Marcel Hesse, Holger Kersten, Tony Krüger, Jens Laube, Alexey Lazurenko, Daniel Sailer, Björn Schuster, Lars Seimetz, Alexander Spethmann, Stefan Weis, and Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
Subjects: Plasma diagnostics, Electric spacecraft propulsion, Ion thrusters, Sputtering, Charge-exchange collisions, Physics, QC1-999, Optics. Light, QC350-467, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract: Abstract The plasma diagnostics presented in this article target the plasma surrounding a spacecraft that is created by the electric thruster and its surface modifying effects. The diagnostic package includes a retarding potential analyzer, a plane Langmuir probe, and an erosion sensor. The paper describes the instrument as well as suitable test environments for mimicking the effects expected in space and shows test results. The system is to fly for the first time on the Heinrich Hertz satellite, which is scheduled to be launched in 2023. The spacecraft will be equipped with a pair of Highly Efficient Multistage Plasma Thrusters (HEMPT) and a pair of Hall thrusters for redundancy.
Published: 2021
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16. The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author: M. Xiao, C. R. Hoyle, L. Dada, D. Stolzenburg, A. Kürten, M. Wang, H. Lamkaddam, O. Garmash, B. Mentler, U. Molteni, A. Baccarini, M. Simon, X.-C. He, K. Lehtipalo, L. R. Ahonen, R. Baalbaki, P. S. Bauer, L. Beck, D. Bell, F. Bianchi, S. Brilke, D. Chen, R. Chiu, A. Dias, J. Duplissy, H. Finkenzeller, H. Gordon, V. Hofbauer, C. Kim, T. K. Koenig, J. Lampilahti, C. P. Lee, Z. Li, H. Mai, V. Makhmutov, H. E. Manninen, R. Marten, S. Mathot, R. L. Mauldin, W. Nie, A. Onnela, E. Partoll, T. Petäjä, J. Pfeifer, V. Pospisilova, L. L. J. Quéléver, M. Rissanen, S. Schobesberger, S. Schuchmann, Y. Stozhkov, C. Tauber, Y. J. Tham, A. Tomé, M. Vazquez-Pufleau, A. C. Wagner, R. Wagner, Y. Wang, L. Weitz, D. Wimmer, Y. Wu, C. Yan, P. Ye, Q. Ye, Q. Zha, X. Zhou, A. Amorim, K. Carslaw, J. Curtius, A. Hansel, R. Volkamer, P. M. Winkler, R. C. Flagan, M. Kulmala, D. R. Worsnop, J. Kirkby, N. M. Donahue, U. Baltensperger, I. El Haddad, and J. Dommen
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.
Published: 2021
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17. Investigation of several proxies to estimate sulfuric acid concentration under volcanic plume conditions

Author: C. Rose, M. P. Rissanen, S. Iyer, J. Duplissy, C. Yan, J. B. Nowak, A. Colomb, R. Dupuy, X.-C. He, J. Lampilahti, Y. J. Tham, D. Wimmer, J.-M. Metzger, P. Tulet, J. Brioude, C. Planche, M. Kulmala, and K. Sellegri
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is commonly accepted as a key precursor for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). However, direct measurements of [H2SO4] remain challenging, thereby preventing the determination of this important quantity, and, consequently, a complete understanding of its contribution to the NPF process. Several proxies have been developed to bridge the gaps, but their ability to predict [H2SO4] under very specific conditions, such as those encountered in volcanic plumes (including, in particular, high sulfur dioxide mixing ratios), has not been evaluated so far. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to develop new proxies for daytime [H2SO4] under volcanic plume conditions and compare their performance to that of the proxies available in the literature. Specifically, the data collected at Maïdo during the OCTAVE (Oxygenated organic Compounds in the Tropical Atmosphere: variability and atmosphere–biosphere Exchanges) 2018 campaign, in the volcanic eruption plume of the Piton de la Fournaise, were first used to derive seven proxies based on knowledge of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratio, global radiation, condensation sink (CS) and relative humidity (RH). A specific combination of some or all of these variables was tested in each of the seven proxies. In three of them (F1–F3), all considered variables were given equal weight in the prediction of [H2SO4], whereas adjusted powers were allowed (and determined during the fitting procedure) for the different variables in the other four proxies (A1–A4). Overall, proxies A1–A4 were found to perform better than proxies F1–F3, with, in particular, improved predictive ability for [H2SO4] > 2 × 108 cm−3. The CS was observed to play an important role in regulating [H2SO4], whereas the inclusion of RH did not improve the predictions. A last expression accounting for an additional sink term related to cluster formation, S1, was also tested and showed a very good predictive ability over the whole range of measured [H2SO4]. In a second step, the newly developed proxies were further evaluated using airborne measurements performed in the passive degassing plume of Etna during the STRAP (Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liés aux Panaches volcaniques) 2016 campaign. Increased correlations between observed and predicted [H2SO4] were obtained when the dependence of predicted [H2SO4] on the CS was the lowest and when the dependence on [SO2] was concurrently the highest. The best predictions were finally retrieved by the simple formulation of F2 (in which [SO2] and radiation alone were assumed to explain the variations in [H2SO4] with equal contributions), with a pre-factor adapted to the STRAP data. All in all, our results illustrate the fairly good capacity of the proxies available in the literature to describe [H2SO4] under volcanic plume conditions, but they concurrently highlight the benefit of the newly developed proxies for the prediction of the highest concentrations ([H2SO4] > 2–3 × 108 cm−3). Moreover, the contrasting behaviours of the new proxies in the two investigated datasets indicate that in volcanic plumes, like in other environments, the relevance of a proxy can be affected by changes in environmental conditions and that location-specific coefficients do logically improve the predictions.
Published: 2021
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18. Study of light hypernuclei in Europe: The hypertriton and nnΛ puzzles

Author: Rappold C., Achenbach P., Alibrahim Alfaki H., Amjad F., Armstrong M., Behr K.-H., Benlliure J., Brencic Z., Dickel T., Drozd V., Dubey S., Ekawa H., Escrig S., Feijoo-Fontan M., Fujioka H., Gao Y., Geissel H., Goldenbaum F., Graña Gonzalez A., Haettner E., Harakeh M. N., He Y., Heggen H., Hornung C., Hubbard N., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Kalantar-Nayestanaki N., Kasagi A., Kavatsyuk M., Kazantseva E., Khreptak A., Kindler B., Knoebel R., Kollmus H., Kostyleva D., Kraft-Bermuth S., Kurz N., Liu E., Lommel B., Metag V., Minami S., Morrissey D.J., Moskal P., Mukha I., Muneem A., Nakagawa M., Nakazawa K., Nociforo C., Ong H.J., Pietri S., Pochodzalla J., Purushothaman S., Rocco E., Rodríguez-Sánchez J.L., Roy P., Ruber R., Saito T.R., Schadmand S., Scheidenberger C., Schwarz P., Sekiya R., Serdyuk V., Skurzok M., Streicher B., Suzuki K., Szczepanczyk B., Tanaka Y. K., Tang X., Tortorelli N., Vencelj M., Wang H., Weber T., Weick H., Will M., Wimmer K., Yamamoto A., Yanai A., Yoshida J., and Zhao J.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The current understanding of light hypernuclei, which are sub-atomic nuclei with strangeness, is being challenged and studied in detail by several European research groups and collaborations. In recent years, studies of hypernuclei using high-energy heavy ion beams have reported unexpected results on the three-body hypernuclear state 3ΛH, named the hypertriton. For some time, reports of a shorter lifetime and larger binding energy than what was previously accepted have created a puzzling situation for its theoretical description; this is known as the "hypertriton puzzle". With the inclusion of the most recent experimental measurements, the current status of the hypertriton puzzle is evolving. Additionally, the possible neutral bound state of a Λ hyperon with two neutrons, nnΛ, has raised questions about our understanding of the formation of light hypernuclei either in bound or resonance states. These results have initiated several ongoing experimental programs all over the world to study these three-body hypernuclear states precisely. We are studying these light hypernuclear states by employing heavy ion beams at 2AGeV on a fixed carbon target with the WASA detector system and the Fragment Separator (FRS) at GSI. The WASA-FRS experimental campaign was performed during the first quarter of 2022, and this paper presents a short overview of the campaign and how it seeks to tackle the hypertriton and nnΛ puzzles. Data analysis is ongoing, and several preliminary results will be reported.
Published: 2023
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19. First Full Beta-Strength Measurement With Dtas Across N=126 at Fair Phase-0

Author: Rodriguez-Garcia D., Tain J.L., Morales A.I., Aggez G., Agramunt J., Alaqeel M., Alayed B., Albers H.M., Alcala G., Algora A., Alharbi A., Alhomaidhi S., Amjad F., Arici T., Armstrong M., Bajzek M., Banerjee A., Bartram G., Benzoni G., Chen Z., Das B., Davinson T., Dickel T., Dillmann I., Domingo-Pardo C., Ekawa H., Ge Z., Gelletly W., Gerl J., Gorska M., Haettner E., Hall O., Herrmann P., Hornung C., Hubbard N., Jones C., Kazantseva E., Knoebel R., Kojouharov I., Kosir G., Kostyleva D., Kurtukian-Nieto T., Kurz N., Labiche M., Mccarter A., Mikolajczuk M., Mistry A. K., Mukha I., Nacher E., Nakagawa M., Nara-Singh B.S., Nishimura S., Orrigo S. E. A., Papadakis P., Pietri S., Plass W., Podolyak Z., Polettini M., Prajapat R., Rocco E., Rubio B., Sahin E., Satrazani M., Schafner H., Scheidenberger C., Sharma A., Tanaka Y.K., Tolosa-Delgado A., Vencelj M., Vesic J., Vi P., Victoria J.A., Weick H., Wimmer K., Wollersheim H.J., Yaneva A.A., and Zhao J.J.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: An experiment was performed at GSI with the objective of measuring theβ-intensity distribution in the decay of Hg, Au and Pt isotopes around N=126 using the total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. The aim is to benchmark theoretical models used to make predictions of half-life and neutron emission probabilities of exotic nuclei involved in the rapid neutron capture process, leading to the synthesis of very heavy elements. This paper presents some experimental details and the current status of the analysis.
Published: 2023
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20. Mirror energy differences above the 0f7/2 shell: First γ-ray spectroscopy of the Tz = −2 nucleus 56Zn

Author: A. Fernández, A. Jungclaus, P. Doornenbal, M.A. Bentley, S.M. Lenzi, D. Rudolph, F. Browne, M.L. Cortés, T. Koiwai, R. Taniuchi, V. Vaquero, K. Wimmer, T. Arici, N. Imai, N. Kitamura, B. Longfellow, R. Lozeva, B. Mauss, D.R. Napoli, M. Niikura, X. Pereira-Lopez, S. Pigliapoco, A. Poves, F. Recchia, P. Ruotsalainen, H. Sakurai, S. Uthayakumaar, R. Wadsworth, and R. Yajzey
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Excited states in 56Zn were populated following one-neutron removal from a 57Zn beam impinging on a Be target at intermediate energies in an experiment conducted at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. Three γ rays were observed and tentatively assigned to the 6+→4+→2+→0+ yrast sequence. This turns 56Zn into the heaviest Tz=−2 nucleus in which excited states are known. The excitation-energy differences between these levels and the isobaric analogue states in the Tz=+2 mirror partner, 56Fe, are compared with large-scale shell-model calculations considering the full pf valence space and various isospin-breaking contributions. This comparison, together with an analysis of the mirror energy differences in the A=58, Tz=±1 pair 58Zn and 58Ni, provides valuable information with respect to the size of the monopole radial and the isovector multipole isospin-breaking terms in the region above doubly-magic 56Ni.
Published: 2021
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21. Coexisting normal and intruder configurations in 32Mg

Author: N. Kitamura, K. Wimmer, A. Poves, N. Shimizu, J.A. Tostevin, V.M. Bader, C. Bancroft, D. Barofsky, T. Baugher, D. Bazin, J.S. Berryman, V. Bildstein, A. Gade, N. Imai, T. Kröll, C. Langer, J. Lloyd, E. Lunderberg, F. Nowacki, G. Perdikakis, F. Recchia, T. Redpath, S. Saenz, D. Smalley, S.R. Stroberg, Y. Utsuno, D. Weisshaar, and A. Westerberg
Subjects: In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy, Island of inversion, Direct reactions, Radioactive beams, Shell model, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Situated in the so-called “island of inversion,” the nucleus 32Mg is considered as an archetypal example of the disappearance of magicity at N=20. We report on high statistics in-beam spectroscopy of 32Mg with a unique approach, in that two direct reaction probes with different sensitivities to the underlying nuclear structure are employed at the same time. More specifically, states in 32Mg were populated by knockout reactions starting from 33Mg and 34Si, lying inside and outside the island of inversion, respectively. The momentum distributions of the reaction residues and the cross sections leading to the individual final states were confronted with eikonal-based reaction calculations, yielding a significantly updated level scheme for 32Mg and spin-parity assignments. By fully exploiting observables obtained in this measurement, a variety of structures coexisting in 32Mg was unraveled. Comparisons with theoretical predictions based on shell-model overlaps allowed for clear discrimination between different structural models, revealing that the complete theoretical description of this key nucleus is yet to be achieved.
Published: 2021
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22. Negative Hydrogen Ion Sources for Fusion: From Plasma Generation to Beam Properties

Author: U. Fantz, S. Briefi, A. Heiler, C. Wimmer, and D. Wünderlich
Subjects: ion source, negative hydrogen ion, neutral beam injection, ICP, ITER, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The neutral beam injection systems for the international fusion experiment ITER used for heating, current drive, and diagnostic purposes are based on RF-driven negative hydrogen ion sources with a source area of roughly 0.9 m × 1.9 m. The sources operate at 0.3 Pa in hydrogen and in deuterium using a total available RF generator power of 800 kW per source at a frequency of 1 MHz. In order to fulfill the challenging requirements for ITER and beyond (like a DEMOnstration power plant, DEMO), worldwide developments are underway addressing the topics of plasma generation, ion extraction together with the issue of reducing and stabilizing the co-extracted electron current, and the beam properties. At the example of the activities at the ITER prototype source and the size scaling experiment ELISE, the present status and its challenges are summarized. The RF power transfer efficiency of these sources is only about 65% in maximum, giving significant room for improvements to relax the demands on the RF generator and ensure reliable operation. The plasma uniformity in front of the large extraction system is the result of plasma drifts. They have a huge impact on the nonuniformity of the co-extracted electrons and influence the ions and thus the beam properties as well. Understanding the optics of such large beams composed of hundreds of beamlets is a crucial task and is under continuous improvement. The main challenge, however, is still the fulfillment of the ITER requirements for deuterium, in particular, for long pulses. The management of caesium, which is evaporated into the source to generate sufficient negative ions by the surface conversion process, is one of the keys for stable and reliable operation.
Published: 2021
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23. First spectroscopic study of 51Ar by the (p,2p) reaction

Author: M.M. Juhász, Z. Elekes, D. Sohler, Y. Utsuno, K. Yoshida, T. Otsuka, K. Ogata, P. Doornenbal, A. Obertelli, H. Baba, F. Browne, D. Calvet, F. Château, S. Chen, N. Chiga, A. Corsi, M.L. Cortés, A. Delbart, J.-M. Gheller, A. Giganon, A. Gillibert, C. Hilaire, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kubota, V. Lapoux, T. Motobayashi, I. Murray, H. Otsu, V. Panin, N. Paul, W. Rodriguez, H. Sakurai, M. Sasano, D. Steppenbeck, L. Stuhl, Y.L. Sun, Y. Togano, T. Uesaka, K. Wimmer, K. Yoneda, N.L. Achouri, O. Aktas, T. Aumann, L.X. Chung, Zs. Dombrádi, F. Flavigny, S. Franchoo, I. Gašparić, R.-B. Gerst, J. Gibelin, K.I. Hahn, D. Kim, T. Koiwai, Y. Kondo, P. Koseoglou, J. Lee, C. Lehr, B.D. Linh, H.N. Liu, T. Lokotko, M. MacCormick, K. Moschner, T. Nakamura, S.Y. Park, D. Rossi, E. Sahin, P.-A. Söderström, S. Takeuchi, H. Törnqvist, V. Vaquero, V. Wagner, S. Wang, V. Werner, X. Xu, H. Yamada, D. Yan, Z. Yang, M. Yasuda, and L. Zanetti
Subjects: Proton knock-out reaction, γ-ray spectroscopy, Invariant mass method, Nuclear structure, Shell closure, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The nuclear structure of 51Ar, an uncharted territory so far, was studied by the (p,2p) reaction using γ-ray spectroscopy for the bound states and the invariant mass method for the unbound states. Two peaks were detected in the γ-ray spectrum and six peaks were observed in the 50Ar+n relative energy spectrum. Comparing the results to our shell-model calculations, two bound and six unbound states were established. Three of the unbound states could only be placed tentatively due to the low number of counts in the relative energy spectrum of events associated with the decay through the first excited state of 50Ar. The low cross sections populating the two bound states of 51Ar could be interpreted as a clear signature for the presence of significant subshell closures at neutron numbers 32 and 34 in argon isotopes. It was also revealed that due to the two valence holes, unbound collective states coexist with individual-particle states in 51Ar.
Published: 2021
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24. First direct comparison of whole beam and single beamlet divergences in a negative ion source with simultaneous BES and CFC tile calorimetry measurements

Author: A. Hurlbatt, F. Bonomo, A. Pimazzoni, P. Veltri, M. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Brombin, R. Delogu, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, N. den Harder, G. Orozco, C. Poggi, L. Schiesko, G. Serianni, M. Ugoletti, and C. Wimmer
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are required for heating and current drive in the next generation fusion experiment ITER, and strict requirements are placed on the beamlet core divergence (
Published: 2021
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25. Drought Stress during Anthesis Alters Grain Protein Composition and Improves Bread Quality in Field-Grown Iranian and German Wheat Genotypes

Author: Azin Rekowski, Monika A. Wimmer, Sirous Tahmasebi, Markus Dier, Sarah Kalmbach, Bernd Hitzmann, and Christian Zörb
Subjects: winter wheat, protein composition, bread quality, drought stress, Iranian and German wheat genotypes, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Drought stress is playing an increasingly important role in crop production due to climate change. To investigate the effects of drought stress on protein quantity and quality of wheat, two Iranian (Alvand, Mihan) and four German (Impression, Discus, Rumor, Hybery) winter wheat genotypes, representing different quality classes and grain protein levels, were grown under field conditions in Eqlid (Iran) during the 2018–2019 growing season. Drought stress was initiated by interrupting field irrigation during the anthesis phase at two different stress levels. Drought stress at anthesis did not significantly change total grain protein concentration in any of the wheat genotypes. Similarly, concentrations of grain storage protein sub-fractions of albumin/globulin, gliadin and glutenin were unaltered in five of the six genotypes. However, analysis of protein sub-fractions by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a consistent significant increase in ω-gliadins with increasing drought stress. Higher levels of HMW glutenins and a reduction in LMW-C glutenins were observed exclusively under severe drought stress in German genotypes. The drought-induced compositional change correlated positively with the specific bread volume, and was mainly associated with an increase in ω-gliadins and with a slight increase in HMW glutenins. Despite the generally lower HMW glutenin concentrations of the Iranian genotypes and no effect of drought on the concentration of HMW sub-fraction, there was still high specific bread volume under drought. It is suggested that for the development of new wheat cultivars adapted to these challenging climatic conditions, the protein composition should be considered in addition to the yield and grain protein concentration.
Published: 2021
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26. GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First Half of the Third Observing Run

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, S. Akcay, G. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, Y. Asali, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, V. Avendano, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, J. Baird, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Bals, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, R. S. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, S. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. R. Becher, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, D. Beniwal, M. G. Benjamin, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, R. Bhandare, A. V. Bhandari, D. Bhattacharjee, J. Bidler, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, O. Blanch, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, Y. Boetzel, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, F. Brighenti, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, M. Caesar, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, C.-L. Chan, C. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, D. Chatterjee, D. Chattopadhyay, M. Chaturvedi, K. Chatziioannou, A. Chen, H. Y. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, S. Choate, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, S. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, C. Collins, M. Colpi, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, B. Danila, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Denker, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, O. de Varona, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz, Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. DiFronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. B. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, F. Feng, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, J. M. Fishner, R. Fittipaldi, M. Fitz-Axen, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, E. Flynn, H. Fong, J. A. Font, P. W. F. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, R. N. George, L. Gergely, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, K. Gill, P. Giri, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, E. Grimes, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, J. G. Guerrero, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, L. Haegel, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. A. Hannuksela, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, A. S. Hines, S. Hochheim, E. Hofgard, D. Hofman, J. N. Hohmann, A. M. Holgado, N. A. Holland, I. J. Hollows, Z. J. Holmes, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, A. D. Huddart, E. A. Huerta, B. Hughey, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, B. M. Hutzler, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, S. Imperato, H. Inchauspe, C. Ingram, G. Intini, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, V. JaberianHamedan, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, A. L. James, K. Jani, K. Janssens, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, M. Jeunon, J. Jiang, G. R. Johns, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, J. D. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, D. P. Kapasi, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, K. Kawabe, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, J. S. Key, S. Khadka, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, G. J. Kim, J. C. Kim, K. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, P. J. King, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, T. D. Knowles, E. Knyazev, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, G. Koekoek, S. Koley, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, M. Kovalam, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, K. Kuns, S. Kwang, B. D. Lackey, D. Laghi, E. Lalande, T. L. Lam, A. Lamberts, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, I. La Rosa, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, E. Leon, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, A. Li, J. Li, K. J. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, J. N. Linley, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, X. Liu, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, R. K. L. Lo, A. Lockwood, L. T. London, A. Longo, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, Y. Ma, R. Macas, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, I. A. O. MacMillan, A. Macquet, I. Magaña Hernandez, F. Magaña-Sandoval, C. Magazzù, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, S. Maliakal, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, M. Martinez, V. Martinez, D. V. Martynov, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, E. Maynard, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, E. Milotti, M. C. Milovich-Goff, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, Ll. M. Mir, A. Mishkin, C. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, G. Mo, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, S. R. Mohite, I. Molina, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, F. Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, P. G. Murray, S. L. Nadji, A. Nagar, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, A. H. Nitz, K. Y. Ng, S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, S. A. Nichols, S. Nissanke, F. Nocera, M. Noh, C. North, D. Nothard, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, J. O’Dell, G. Oganesyan, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, C. Olivetto, P. Oppermann, R. J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, S. Ossokine, C. Osthelder, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, P. K. Panda, T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, B. Patricelli, E. Payne, T. C. Pechsiri, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, S. Penn, A. Perego, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H. P. Pfeiffer, K. A. Pham, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M. Pitkin, E. Placidi, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, A. Poverman, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, T. Prestegard, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, P. J. Quinonez, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, H. Rafferty, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, B. Rajbhandari, M. Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, K. Rao, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, B. Ratto, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Rettegno, F. Ricci, C. J. Richardson, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, P. M. Ricker, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, J. A. Rocha, S. Rodriguez, R. D. Rodriguez-Soto, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, C. A. Rose, D. Rose, K. Rose, M. J. B. Rosell, D. Rosińska, S. G. Rosofsky, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. J. Rowlinson, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, J. Sadiq, M. Sakellariadou, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, A. Samajdar, E. J. Sanchez, J. H. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, L. Sandles, K. A. Santiago, E. Santos, T. R. Saravanan, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, V. Savant, D. Sawant, S. Sayah, D. Schaetzl, P. Schale, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, A. Schindler-Tyka, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, O. Schwarm, E. Schwartz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, M. Seglar-Arroyo, E. Seidel, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, N. Sennett, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, S. Sharifi, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, H. Shen, M. Shikauchi, R. Shink, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Shukla, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, S. N. Somala, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, B. Sorazu, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinhoff, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, S. P. Stevenson, G. Stolle-McAllister, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, J. Südbeck, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, H. G. Suh, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, S. C. Tait, C. Talbot, A. J. Tanasijczuk, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, A. Tapia, E. N. Tapia San Martin, J. D. Tasson, R. Taylor, R. Tenorio, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, L. M. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. T. Tran, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, A. Trovato, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, M. Tse, R. Tso, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, M. Turconi, A. S. Ubhi, R. P. Udall, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, A. C. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Z. Wang, S. Wang, W. H. Wang, Y. F. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, N. Y. Washington, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, J. W. Westhouse, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, L. V. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. M. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, J. Wrangel, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, H. Yamamoto, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. Yoon, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S. H. R. Yuen, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zheng, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report on gravitational-wave discoveries from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo in the first half of the third observing run (O3a) between 1 April 2019 15∶00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15∶00 UTC. By imposing a false-alarm-rate threshold of two per year in each of the four search pipelines that constitute our search, we present 39 candidate gravitational-wave events. At this threshold, we expect a contamination fraction of less than 10%. Of these, 26 candidate events were reported previously in near-real time through gamma-ray coordinates network notices and circulars; 13 are reported here for the first time. The catalog contains events whose sources are black hole binary mergers up to a redshift of approximately 0.8, as well as events whose components cannot be unambiguously identified as black holes or neutron stars. For the latter group, we are unable to determine the nature based on estimates of the component masses and spins from gravitational-wave data alone. The range of candidate event masses which are unambiguously identified as binary black holes (both objects ≥3 M_{⊙}) is increased compared to GWTC-1, with total masses from approximately 14 M_{⊙} for GW190924_021846 to approximately 150 M_{⊙} for GW190521. For the first time, this catalog includes binary systems with significantly asymmetric mass ratios, which had not been observed in data taken before April 2019. We also find that 11 of the 39 events detected since April 2019 have positive effective inspiral spins under our default prior (at 90% credibility), while none exhibit negative effective inspiral spin. Given the increased sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, the detection of 39 candidate events in approximately 26 weeks of data (approximately 1.5 per week) is consistent with GWTC-1.
Published: 2021
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27. Minimal Zeeman field requirement for a topological transition in superconductors

Author: Kim Pöyhönen, Daniel Varjas, Michael Wimmer, Anton R. Akhmerov
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Platforms for creating Majorana quasiparticles rely on superconductivity and breaking of time-reversal symmetry. By studying continuous deformations to known trivial states, we find that the relationship between superconducting pairing and time reversal breaking imposes rigorous bounds on the topology of the system. Applying these bounds to $s$-wave systems with a Zeeman field, we conclude that a topological phase transition requires that the Zeeman energy at least locally exceed the superconducting pairing by the energy gap of the full Hamiltonian. Our results are independent of the geometry and dimensionality of the system.
Published: 2021
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28. TOF-SIMS Molecular Imaging and Properties of pMDI-Bonded Particleboards Made from Cup-Plant and Wood

Author: Petr Klímek, Rupert Wimmer, and Peter Meinlschmidt
Subjects: particleboard, three-layer particleboard, cup plant, TOF-SIMS, biomass, bioresources, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) stalks were investigated as a potential wood-replacement in particleboards (PBs). Two types of PBs were produced—(1) single-layer and (2) three-layer boards. In the three-layer cup-plant PB, the core layer was made from cup-plant, while the surface layer consisted of spruce particles. The cup-plant as well as spruce control panels were produced with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) as the adhesive, with the physical and mechanical properties measured to meet class P1 of the European EN 312 standard. For the intrinsic morphology of the particleboards, scanning electron microscopy was applied. Wood-based and cup-plant-based particleboards indicated significant differences in morphology that affect the resulting properties of particleboards. Furthermore, an innovative approach was used in the determination of the pMDI bondline morphology. With a compact Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass analyser, integrated in a multifunctional focused-ion beam scanning-electron-microscope, it was possible to show that the Ga+ ion source could be detect and visualize in 3D ion molecular clusters specific to pMDI adhesive and wood. Mechanical performance data showed that cup-plant particleboards performed well, even though their properties were below the spruce-made controls. Especially the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the cup-plant PB was lowered by 40%, as compared to the spruce-made control board. Likewise, thickness swelling of cup-plant made boards was higher than the control. Results were linked to the specific porous structure of the cup-plant material. In contrast, it was shown that three-layer cup-plant PB had a higher MOR and also a higher modulus of elasticity, along with lower thickness swelling, compared to its single-layer cup-plant counterpart. The industry relevant finding was that the three-layer PB made from cup-plant stalks fulfilled the EN 312 standard, class P1 (usage in dry conditions). It was shown that raw material mixtures could be useful to improve the mechanical panel performance, also with an altered vertical density profile.
Published: 2021
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29. Conductance asymmetries in mesoscopic superconducting devices due to finite bias

Author: André Melo, Chun-Xiao Liu, Piotr Rożek, Tómas Örn Rosdahl, Michael Wimmer
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Tunneling conductance spectroscopy in normal metal-superconductor junctions is an important tool for probing Andreev bound states in mesoscopic superconducting devices, such as Majorana nanowires. In an ideal superconducting device, the subgap conductance obeys specific symmetry relations, due to particle-hole symmetry and unitarity of the scattering matrix. However, experimental data often exhibits deviations from these symmetries or even their explicit breakdown. In this work, we identify a mechanism that leads to conductance asymmetries without quasiparticle poisoning. In particular, we investigate the effects of finite bias and include the voltage dependence in the tunnel barrier transparency, finding significant conductance asymmetries for realistic device parameters. It is important to identify the physical origin of conductance asymmetries: in contrast to other possible mechanisms such as quasiparticle poisoning, finite-bias effects are not detrimental to the performance of a topological qubit. To that end we identify features that can be used to experimentally determine whether finite-bias effects are the source of conductance asymmetries.
Published: 2021
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30. Electron/positron measurements obtained with the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector on the surface of Mars

Author: J. Köhler, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, J. Appel, B. Ehresmann, C. Zeitlin, D. M. Hassler, G. Reitz, D. E. Brinza, S. Böttcher, E. Böhm, S. Burmeister, J. Guo, A.-M. Harri, H. Kahanpää, J. Krauss, H. Lohf, C. Martin, D. Matthiä, A. Posner, and S. Rafkin
Subjects: Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract: The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures the energetic charged and neutral particles and the radiation dose rate on the surface of Mars. Although charged and neutral particle spectra have been investigated in detail, the electron and positron spectra have not been investigated yet. The reason for that is that they are difficult to separate from each other and because of the technical challenges involved in extracting energy spectra from the raw data. We use GEANT4 to model the behavior of the RAD instrument for electron/positron measurements. We compare Planetocosmics predictions for different atmospheric pressures and different modulation parameters Φ with the obtained RAD electron/positron measurements. We find that the RAD electron/positron measurements agree well with the spectra predicted by Planetocosmics. Both RAD measurements and Planetocosmics simulation show a dependence of the electron/positron fluxes on both atmospheric pressure and solar modulation potential.
Published: 2016
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31. First-principles calculations of steady-state voltage-controlled magnetism: Application to x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments

Author: Alberto Marmodoro, Sebastian Wimmer, Ondřej Šipr, Masako Ogura, and Hubert Ebert
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Recent x-ray absorption experiments have demonstrated the possibility to accurately monitor the magnetism of metallic heterostructures controlled via a time-independent perturbation caused, for example, by a static electric field. Using a first-principles, nonequilibrium Green's function scheme, we show how the measured dichroic signal for the corresponding steady-state situation can be related to the underlying electronic structure and its response to the external stimulus. The suggested approach works from the infinitesimal limit of linear response to the regime of strong electric field effects, which is realized in present experimental high-sensitivity investigations.
Published: 2020
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32. Controlling photocurrent channels in scanning tunneling microscopy

Author: Benjamin Schröder, Ole Bunjes, Lara Wimmer, Katharina Kaiser, Georg A Traeger, Thomas Kotzott, Claus Ropers, and Martin Wenderoth
Subjects: scanning tunneling microscopy, femtosecond laser excitation, multiphoton absorption, nonlinear photoemission, plasmonic excitation, effective electron distribution, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We investigate photocurrents driven by femtosecond laser excitation of a (sub)-nanometer tunnel junction in an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The optically driven charge transfer is revealed by tip retraction curves showing a current contribution for exceptionally large tip-sample distances, evidencing a strongly reduced effective barrier height for photoexcited electrons at higher energies. Our measurements demonstrate that the magnitude of the photo-induced electron transport can be controlled by the laser power as well as the applied bias voltage. In contrast, the decay constant of the photocurrent is only weakly affected by these parameters. Stable STM operation with photoelectrons is demonstrated by acquiring constant current topographies. An effective non-equilibrium electron distribution as a consequence of multiphoton absorption is deduced by the analysis of the photocurrent using a one-dimensional potential barrier model.
Published: 2020
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33. Spallation reaction study for long-lived fission products in nuclear waste

Author: Wang He, Otsu Hideaki, Sakurai Hiroyoshi, Ahn DeukSoon, Aikawa Masayuki, Ando Takashi, Araki Shouhei, Chen Sidong, Chiga Nobuyuki, Doornenbal Pieter, Fukuda Naoki, Isobe Tadaaki, Kawakami Shunsuke, Kawase Shoichiro, Kin Tadahiro, Kondo Yosuke, Koyama Shunpei, Kubono Shigeru, Maeda Yukie, Makinaga Ayano, Matsushita Masafumi, Matsuzaki Teiichiro, Michimasa Shin ichiro, Momiyama Satoru, Nagamine Shunsuke, Nakamura Takashi, Nakano Keita, Niikura Megumi, Ozaki Tomoyuki, Saito Atsumi, Saito Takeshi, Shiga Yoshiaki, Shikata Mizuki, Shimizu Yohei, Shimoura Susumu, Sumikama Toshiyuki, Söderstrom Pär-Anders, Suzuki Hiroshi, Takeda Hiroyuki, Takeuchi Satoshi, Taniuchi Ryo, Togano Yasuhiro, Tsubota Junichi, Uesaka Meiko, Watanabe Yasushi, Watanabe Yukinobu, Wimmer Kathrin, Yamamoto Tatsuya, and Yoshida Koichi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Spallation reaction for the long-lived fission product 107Pd has been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The isotopic-distribution cross sections on both proton and deuteron were obtained at 118 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. A large cross-section difference was found between the proton and deuteron results for the light-mass products. The data were compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes. In addition, the potential of spallation reaction for transmutation of 107Pd is discussed.
Published: 2020
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34. Isotopic 32S/33S ratio as a diagnostic of presolar grains from novae

Author: A. Parikh, K. Wimmer, T. Faestermann, R. Hertenberger, J. José, H.-F. Wirth, C. Hinke, R. Krücken, D. Seiler, K. Steiger, and K. Straub
Subjects: Nucleosynthesis, Classical nova explosions, Presolar grains, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Measurements of sulphur isotopes in presolar grains can help to identify the astrophysical sites in which these grains were formed. A more precise thermonuclear rate of the 33S(p,γ)34Cl reaction is required, however, to assess the diagnostic ability of sulphur isotopic ratios. We have studied the 33S(3He,d)34Cl proton-transfer reaction at 25 MeV using a high-resolution quadrupole–dipole–dipole–dipole magnetic spectrograph. Deuteron spectra were measured at ten scattering angles between 10° and 55°. Twenty-four levels in 34Cl over Ex=4.6–5.9 MeV were observed, including three levels for the first time. Proton spectroscopic factors were extracted for the first time for levels above the 33S + p threshold, spanning the energy range required for calculations of the thermonuclear 33S(p,γ)34Cl rate in classical nova explosions. We have determined a new 33S(p,γ)34Cl rate using a Monte Carlo method and have performed new hydrodynamic nova simulations to determine the impact on nova nucleosynthesis of remaining nuclear physics uncertainties in the reaction rate. We find that these uncertainties lead to a factor of ≤5 variation in the 33S(p,γ)34Cl rate over typical nova peak temperatures, and variation in the ejected nova yields of SCa isotopes by ≤20%. In particular, the predicted 32S/33S ratio is 110–130 for the nova model considered, compared to 110–440 with previous rate uncertainties. As recent type II supernova models predict ratios of 130–200, the 32S/33S ratio may be used to distinguish between grains of nova and supernova origin.
Published: 2014
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35. GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs

Author: B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, V. Avendano, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, S. Banagiri, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, K. Barkett, S. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, A. S. Bell, D. Beniwal, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, S. Bernuzzi, J. J. Bero, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, R. Bhandare, J. Bidler, I. A. Bilenko, S. A. Bilgili, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, N. Bode, M. Boer, Y. Boetzel, G. Bogaert, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, C. D. Booth, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, K. Bossie, V. Bossilkov, J. Bosveld, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, F. Brighenti, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, M. J. Bustamante Rosell, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, W. A. Campbell, M. Canepa, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, M. F. Carney, G. Carullo, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, O. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, D. Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, K. Chatziioannou, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Chia, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, S. Chung, G. Ciani, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, P. Clearwater, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, D. Cohen, R. Colgan, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, C. Collins, L. R. Cominsky, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, N. Demos, T. Dent, R. De Pietri, J. Derby, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, O. de Varona, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, R. C. Essick, H. Estelles, D. Estevez, Z. B. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, C. Fee, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, F. Feng, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, T. A. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, J. M. Fishner, M. Fitz-Axen, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, E. Flynn, H. Fong, J. A. Font, P. W. F. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, M. R. Ganija, S. G. Gaonkar, A. Garcia, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, G. Giordano, L. Glover, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, B. Goncharov, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, G. M. Guidi, H. K. Gulati, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, L. Haegel, O. Halim, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. A. Hannuksela, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, A. W. Heptonstall, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, T. Hinderer, D. Hoak, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, A. M. Holgado, N. A. Holland, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, A. Hreibi, Y. Huang, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, M. Hulko, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, C. Ingram, R. Inta, G. Intini, B. Irwin, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, K. Jani, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, A. C. Jenkins, J. Jiang, D. S. Johnson, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, N. V. Keerthana, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, H. Khan, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, J. C. Kim, K. Kim, W. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, E. J. King, P. J. King, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte, J. H. Klika, S. Klimenko, T. D. Knowles, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, G. Koekoek, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, V. Kringel, N. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, S. Kwang, B. D. Lackey, K. H. Lai, T. L. Lam, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, J. Li, K. J. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, F. Lin, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, X. Liu, R. K. L. Lo, N. A. Lockerbie, L. T. London, A. Longo, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, M. E. Lower, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, R. Macas, S. Macfoy, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, A. Macquet, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Magaña Zertuche, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, S. C. McGuire, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, M. C. Milovich-Goff, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, A. Mishkin, C. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, G. Mo, D. Moffa, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, M. Muratore, P. G. Murray, A. Nagar, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. Ng, P. Nguyen, D. Nichols, A. B. Nielsen, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, C. North, L. K. Nuttall, M. Obergaulinger, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, G. D. O’Dea, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, S. Ossokine, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, Huang-Wei Pan, B. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, M. A. Papa, A. Parida, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patil, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, C. Pedersen, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, A. Pele, S. Penn, A. Perego, C. J. Perez, A. Perreca, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, M. Pirello, M. Pitkin, R. Poggiani, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, J. Powell, A. K. Prajapati, J. Prasad, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, T. Prestegard, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. G. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, P. J. Quinonez, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, N. Radulescu, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, B. Rajbhandari, M. Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, K. Rao, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, W. Ren, F. Ricci, C. J. Richardson, J. W. Richardson, P. M. Ricker, G. M. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie, K. Rose, D. Rosińska, S. G. Rosofsky, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, G. Rutins, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, M. Sakellariadou, O. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, E. J. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, K. A. Santiago, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, P. Schale, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, E. Seidel, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, N. Sennett, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, M. B. Shaner, L. Shao, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, H. Shen, R. Shink, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, K. Siellez, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, L. P. Singer, N. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, S. Sitmukhambetov, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, S. Somala, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, M. Standke, D. A. Steer, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, S. P. Stevenson, D. Stocks, R. Stone, D. J. Stops, K. A. Strain, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, V. Sudhir, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, S. C. Tait, C. Talbot, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, J. D. Tasson, R. Taylor, F. Thies, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. Toland, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. C. Tringali, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. Trudeau, K. W. Tsang, M. Tse, R. Tso, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, D. Tuyenbayev, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, J. V. van Heijningen, L. van der Schaaf, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, Y. F. Wang, R. L. Ward, Z. A. Warden, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, E. K. Wessel, P. Weßels, J. W. Westhouse, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, L. V. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. M. Wilken, D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, L. Yang, M. J. Yap, M. Yazback, D. W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S. H. R. Yuen, M. Yvert, A. K. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, F. Zappa, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We present the results from three gravitational-wave searches for coalescing compact binaries with component masses above 1 M_{⊙} during the first and second observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network. During the first observing run (O1), from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, gravitational waves from three binary black hole mergers were detected. The second observing run (O2), which ran from November 30, 2016 to August 25, 2017, saw the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral, in addition to the observation of gravitational waves from a total of seven binary black hole mergers, four of which we report here for the first time: GW170729, GW170809, GW170818, and GW170823. For all significant gravitational-wave events, we provide estimates of the source properties. The detected binary black holes have total masses between 18.6_{-0.7}^{+3.2} M_{⊙} and 84.4_{-11.1}^{+15.8} M_{⊙} and range in distance between 320_{-110}^{+120} and 2840_{-1360}^{+1400} Mpc. No neutron star–black hole mergers were detected. In addition to highly significant gravitational-wave events, we also provide a list of marginal event candidates with an estimated false-alarm rate less than 1 per 30 days. From these results over the first two observing runs, which include approximately one gravitational-wave detection per 15 days of data searched, we infer merger rates at the 90% confidence intervals of 110−3840 Gpc^{-3} y^{-1} for binary neutron stars and 9.7−101 Gpc^{-3} y^{-1} for binary black holes assuming fixed population distributions and determine a neutron star–black hole merger rate 90% upper limit of 610 Gpc^{-3} y^{-1}.
Published: 2019
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36. Decoherence of collective motion in warm nuclei

Author: Frauendorf S., Petrache C. M., Schwengner R., and Wimmer K.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Collective states in cold nuclei are represented by a wave function that assigns coherent phases to the participating nucleons. The degree of coherence decreases with excitation energy above the yrast line because of coupling to the increasingly dense background of quasiparticle excitations. The consequences of decoherence are discussed, starting with the well studied case of rotational damping. In addition to superdeformed bands, a highly excited oblate band is presented as a new example of screening from rotational damping. Suppression of pair correlation leads to incoherent thermal M1 radiation, which appears as an exponential spike (LEMAR) at zero energy in the γ strength function of spherical nuclei. In deformed nuclei a Scissors Resonance appears and LEMAR changes to damped magnetic rotation, which is interpreted as partial restoration of coherence.
Published: 2019
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37. Properties of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817

Author: B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, B. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, D. V. Atallah, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, S. Banagiri, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, K. Barkett, S. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, C. Beer, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, A. S. Bell, D. Beniwal, M. Bensch, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, S. Bernuzzi, J. J. Bero, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, S. A. Bilgili, G. Billingsley, C. R. Billman, J. Birch, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, N. Bode, M. Boer, Y. Boetzel, G. Bogaert, A. Bohe, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, C. D. Booth, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, K. Bossie, V. Bossilkov, J. Bosveld, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, F. Brighenti, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, P. Canizares, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, M. F. Carney, G. Carullo, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. B. Cepeda, P. Cerdá-Durán, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, O. Chaibi, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, D. Chatterjee, K. Chatziioannou, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, H.-P. Cheng, H. Y. Chia, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, T. Chmiel, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, A. J. K. Chua, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, S. Chung, G. Ciani, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, C. E. Cirelli, A. Cirone, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, P. Clearwater, F. Cleva, C. Cocchieri, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, D. Cohen, A. Colla, C. G. Collette, C. Collins, L. R. Cominsky, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, J. Cripe, S. G. Crowder, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, B. Day, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, N. Demos, T. Denker, T. Dent, R. De Pietri, J. Derby, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, O. de Varona, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Dovale Álvarez, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, C. Dreissigacker, J. C. Driggers, Z. Du, R. Dudi, P. Dupej, S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, R. C. Essick, H. Estelles, D. Estevez, Z. B. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, C. Fee, H. Fehrmann, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, F. Feng, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, J. M. Fishner, M. Fitz-Axen, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, H. Fong, J. A. Font, P. W. F. Forsyth, S. S. Forsyth, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, S. M. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, M. R. Ganija, S. G. Gaonkar, A. Garcia, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, G. Gaur, V. Gayathri, G. Gemme, E. Genin, A. Gennai, D. George, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, G. Giordano, L. Glover, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, B. Goncharov, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, E. M. Gretarsson, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, G. M. Guidi, H. K. Gulati, X. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, O. Halim, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, H. F. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. A. Hannuksela, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, A. W. Heptonstall, F. J. Hernandez, M. Heurs, S. Hild, T. Hinderer, D. Hoak, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, N. A. Holland, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, C. Horst, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, A. Hreibi, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, M. Hulko, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, A. Iess, N. Indik, C. Ingram, R. Inta, G. Intini, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, D. S. Johnson, W. W. Johnson, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, J. Junker, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, M. Katolik, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, K. Kawabe, N. V. Keerthana, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, A. J. Kemball, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, B. Khamesra, H. Khan, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, J. C. Kim, K. Kim, W. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, E. J. King, P. J. King, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, T. D. Knowles, P. Koch, S. M. Koehlenbeck, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, C. Krämer, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, S. Kwang, B. D. Lackey, K. H. Lai, M. Landry, P. Landry, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, R. K. Lanza, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, K. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, J. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, S. D. Linker, T. B. Littenberg, J. Liu, X. Liu, R. K. L. Lo, N. A. Lockerbie, L. T. London, A. Longo, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, R. Macas, S. Macfoy, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, I. Magaña Hernandez, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Magaña Zertuche, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, F. Martelli, L. Martellini, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, D. V. Martynov, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, S. C. McGuire, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, M. Mehmet, J. Meidam, E. Mejuto-Villa, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, D. Mendoza-Gandara, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. B. Miller, J. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. Mills, M. C. Milovich-Goff, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, J. Ming, C. Mishra, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, D. Moffa, K. Mogushi, M. Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. Morisaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, G. Mueller, A. W. Muir, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, M. Muratore, P. G. Murray, A. Nagar, K. Napier, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, A. Neunzert, L. Nevin, J. M. Newport, K. Y. Ng, S. Ng, P. Nguyen, T. T. Nguyen, D. Nichols, A. B. Nielsen, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, C. North, L. K. Nuttall, M. Obergaulinger, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, G. D. O’Dea, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. Ormiston, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, S. Ossokine, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, J. Page, M. A. Page, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Huang-Wei Pan, B. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, M. A. Papa, A. Parida, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patil, B. Patricelli, B. L. Pearlstone, C. Pedersen, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, L. Pekowsky, A. Pele, S. Penn, C. J. Perez, A. Perreca, L. M. Perri, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pirello, M. Pitkin, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, L. Possenti, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, J. W. W. Pratt, G. Pratten, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, M. Principe, S. Privitera, G. A. Prodi, L. G. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, B. Rajbhandari, M. Rakhmanov, K. E. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, J. Read, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, W. Ren, F. Ricci, P. M. Ricker, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, T. Robson, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, G. Rutins, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, L. M. Sampson, E. J. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, V. Sandberg, J. R. Sanders, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, E. Seidel, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. J. Shaffer, A. A. Shah, M. S. Shahriar, M. B. Shaner, L. Shao, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, H. Shen, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, L. P. Singer, A. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, B. Smith, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, S. Somala, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, A. P. Spencer, A. K. Srivastava, K. Staats, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, B. Steltner, S. P. Stevenson, D. Stocks, R. Stone, D. J. Stops, K. A. Strain, G. Stratta, S. E. Strigin, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, S. C. Tait, C. Talbot, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, A. Taracchini, J. D. Tasson, J. A. Taylor, R. Taylor, S. V. Tewari, T. Theeg, F. Thies, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, S. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, K. Toland, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, J. Trinastic, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, K. W. Tsang, M. Tse, R. Tso, D. Tsuna, L. Tsukada, D. Tuyenbayev, K. Ueno, D. Ugolini, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, V. Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, Y. F. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, E. K. Wessel, P. Weßels, J. Westerweck, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, R. D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, W. K. Wong, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, S. Xiao, W. Yam, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, L. Yang, M. J. Yap, M. Yazback, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y.-H. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, S. J. Zhu, X. J. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: On August 17, 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors observed a low-mass compact binary inspiral. The initial sky localization of the source of the gravitational-wave signal, GW170817, allowed electromagnetic observatories to identify NGC 4993 as the host galaxy. In this work, we improve initial estimates of the binary’s properties, including component masses, spins, and tidal parameters, using the known source location, improved modeling, and recalibrated Virgo data. We extend the range of gravitational-wave frequencies considered down to 23 Hz, compared to 30 Hz in the initial analysis. We also compare results inferred using several signal models, which are more accurate and incorporate additional physical effects as compared to the initial analysis. We improve the localization of the gravitational-wave source to a 90% credible region of 16 deg^{2}. We find tighter constraints on the masses, spins, and tidal parameters, and continue to find no evidence for nonzero component spins. The component masses are inferred to lie between 1.00 and 1.89 M_{⊙} when allowing for large component spins, and to lie between 1.16 and 1.60 M_{⊙} (with a total mass 2.73_{-0.01}^{+0.04} M_{⊙}) when the spins are restricted to be within the range observed in Galactic binary neutron stars. Using a precessing model and allowing for large component spins, we constrain the dimensionless spins of the components to be less than 0.50 for the primary and 0.61 for the secondary. Under minimal assumptions about the nature of the compact objects, our constraints for the tidal deformability parameter Λ[over ˜] are (0,630) when we allow for large component spins, and 300_{-230}^{+420} (using a 90% highest posterior density interval) when restricting the magnitude of the component spins, ruling out several equation-of-state models at the 90% credible level. Finally, with LIGO and GEO600 data, we use a Bayesian analysis to place upper limits on the amplitude and spectral energy density of a possible postmerger signal.
Published: 2019
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38. Extreme Events through Prevailing Backscattering and Their Suppression by a Focusing Nonlinearity

Author: Vincent H. Schultheiss, Martin Wimmer, Stefan Malzer, and Ulf Peschel
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We investigate linear and nonlinear light propagation in weakly perturbed AlGaAs slab waveguides whose fabrication induced local defects give rise to random multiple scattering. The statistical evaluation of the intensity distribution at the rear facet reveals an abundance of high-amplitude events in the linear regime, contradicting the predictions of the central limit theorem by far. In this article we propose weak successive backscattering to be a generator of high-amplitude events, while a focusing nonlinearity of the Kerr type counterintuitively diminishes them, thus effectively randomizing the intensity distribution. We support our experimental findings with numerical simulations based on the stray matrix approach introduced by Edrei et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2120 (1989)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2120]. This novel proposed mechanism for the formation of extreme events in the context of linear wave dynamics represents the first encounter of the phenomenon in the limit of weak scattering.
Published: 2018
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39. Towards large and powerful radio frequency driven negative ion sources for fusion

Author: B Heinemann, U Fantz, W Kraus, L Schiesko, C Wimmer, D Wünderlich, F Bonomo, M Fröschle, R Nocentini, and R Riedl
Subjects: neutral beam injection, negative ion source, radio frequency source, ITER, ELISE, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The ITER neutral beam system will be equipped with radio-frequency (RF) negative ion sources, based on the IPP Garching prototype source design. Up to 100 kW at 1 MHz is coupled to the RF driver, out of which the plasma expands into the main source chamber. Compared to arc driven sources, RF sources are maintenance free and without evaporation of tungsten. The modularity of the driver concept permits to supply large source volumes. The prototype source (one driver) demonstrated operation in hydrogen and deuterium up to one hour with ITER relevant parameters. The ELISE test facility is operating with a source of half the ITER size (four drivers) in order to validate the modular source concept and to gain early operational experience at ITER relevant dimensions. A large variety of diagnostics allows improving the understanding of the relevant physics and its link to the source performance. Most of the negative ions are produced on a caesiated surface by conversion of hydrogen atoms. Cs conditioning and distribution have been optimized in order to achieve high ion currents which are stable in time. A magnetic filter field is needed to reduce the electron temperature and co-extracted electron current. The influence of different field topologies and strengths on the source performance, plasma and beam properties is being investigated. The results achieved in short pulse operation are close to or even exceed the ITER requirements with respect to the extracted ion currents. However, the extracted negative ion current for long pulse operation (up to 1 h) is limited by the increase of the co-extracted electron current, especially in deuterium operation.
Published: 2017
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40. Cross sections for nuclide production in proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Nb measured using the inverse kinematics method

Author: Nakano Keita, Watanabe Yukinobu, Kawase Shoichiro, Wang He, Otsu Hideaki, Sakurai Hiroyoshi, Takeuchi Satoshi, Togano Yasuhiro, Nakamura Takashi, Maeda Yukie, Ahn Deuk Soon, Aikawa Masayuki, Araki Shouhei, Chen Sidong, Chiga Nobuyuki, Doornenbal Pieter, Fukuda Naoki, Ichihara Takashi, Isobe Tadaaki, Kawakami Shunsuke, Kin Tadahiro, Kondo Yosuke, Koyama Shunpei, Kubo Toshiyuki, Kubono Shigeru, Kurokawa Meiko, Makinaga Ayano, Matsushita Masafumi, Matsuzaki Teiichiro, Michimasa Shin'ichiro, Momiyama Satoru, Nagamine Shunsuke, Niikura Megumi, Ozaki Tomoyuki, Saito Atsumi, Saito Takeshi, Shiga Yoshiaki, Shikata Mizuki, Shimizu Yohei, Shimoura Susumu, Sumikama Toshiyuki, Söderström Pär-Anders, Suzuki Hiroshi, Takeda Hiroyuki, Taniuchi Ryo, Tsubota Jun'ichi, Watanabe Yasushi, Wimmer Kathrin, Yamamoto Tatsuya, and Yoshida Koichi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Isotopic production cross sections were measured for proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 93Nb by means of the inverse kinematics method at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The measured production cross sections of residual nuclei in the reaction 93Nb + p at 113 MeV/u were compared with previous data measured by the conventional activation method in the proton energy range between 46 and 249 MeV. The present inverse kinematics data of four reaction products (90Mo, 90Nb, 88Y, and 86Y) were in good agreement with the data of activation measurement. Also, the model calculations with PHITS describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes generally well reproduced the measured isotopic production cross sections.
Published: 2017
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41. Cross section measurement of residues produced in proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93Zr at 105 MeV/u using the inverse kinematics method

Author: Kawase Shoichiro, Watanabe Yukinobu, Wang He, Otsu Hideaki, Sakurai Hiroyoshi, Takeuchi Satoshi, Togano Yasuhiro, Nakamura Takashi, Maeda Yukie, Ahn Deuk Soon, Aikawa Masayuki, Araki Shouhei, Chen Sidong, Chiga Nobuyuki, Doornenbal Pieter, Fukuda Naoki, Ichihara Takashi, Isobe Tadaaki, Kawakami Shunsuke, Kin Tadahiro, Kondo Yosuke, Koyama Shunpei, Kubo Toshiyuki, Kubono Shigeru, Kurokawa Meiko, Makinaga Ayano, Matsushita Masafumi, Matsuzaki Teiichiro, Michimasa Shin'ichiro, Momiyama Satoru, Nagamine Shunsuke, Nakano Keita, Niikura Megumi, Ozaki Tomoyuki, Saito Atsumi, Saito Takeshi, Shiga Yoshiaki, Shikata Mizuki, Shimizu Yohei, Shimoura Susumu, Sumikama Toshiyuki, Söderström Pär-Anders, Suzuki Hiroshi, Takeda Hiroyuki, Taniuchi Ryo, Tsubota Jun'ichi, Watanabe Yasushi, Wimmer Kathrin, Yamamoto Tatsuya, and Yoshida Koichi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Isotopic production cross sections in the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions on 93Zr at an energy of 105 MeV/u were measured in inverse kinematics conditions for the development of realistic nuclear transmutation processes for long-lived fission products (LLFPs) with neutron and light-ion beams. The experimental results were compared to the PHITS calculations describing the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes. Although an overall agreement was obtained, a large overestimation of the production cross sections for the removal of a few nucleons was seen. A clear shell effect associated with the neutron magic number N = 50 was observed in the measured isotopic production yields of Zr and Y isotopes, which can be reproduced reasonably by the PHITS calculation.
Published: 2017
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42. Spallation reaction study for fission products in nuclear waste: Cross section measurements for 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd on proton and deuteron

Author: Wang He, Otsu Hideaki, Sakurai Hiroyoshi, Ahn DeukSoon, Aikawa Masayuki, Ando Takashi, Araki Shouhei, Chen Sidong, Chiga Nobuyuki, Doornenbal Pieter, Fukuda Naoki, Isobe Tadaaki, Kawakami Shunsuke, Kawase Shoichiro, Kin Tadahiro, Kondo Yosuke, Koyama Shupei, Kubono Shigeru, Maeda Yukie, Makinaga Ayano, Matsushita Masafumi, Matsuzaki Teiichiro, Michimasa Shinichiro, Momiyama Satoru, Nagamine Shunsuke, Nakamura Takashi, Nakano Keita, Niikura Megumi, Ozaki Tomoyuki, Saito Atsumi, Saito Takeshi, Shiga Yoshiaki, Shikata Mizuki, Shimizu Yohei, Shimoura Susumu, Sumikama Toshiyuki, Söderström Pär-Anders, Suzuki Hiroshi, Takeda Hiroyuki, Takeuchi Satoshi, Taniuchi Ryo, Togano Yasuhiro, Tsubota Junichi, Uesaka Meiko, Watanabe Yasushi, Watanabe Yukinobu, Wimmer Kathrin, Yamamoto Tatsuya, and Yoshida Koichi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Spallation reactions for the long-lived fission products 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd have been studied for the purpose of nuclear waste transmutation. The cross sections on the proton- and deuteron-induced spallation were obtained in inverse kinematics at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Both the target and energy dependences of cross sections have been investigated systematically. and the cross-section differences between the proton and deuteron are found to be larger for lighter fragments. The experimental data are compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and the PHITS calculations including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation processes.
Published: 2017
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43. Improved Analysis of GW150914 Using a Fully Spin-Precessing Waveform Model

Author: B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Bacon, M. K. M. Bader, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, C. Baune, V. Bavigadda, M. Bazzan, M. Bejger, A. S. Bell, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, C. Bogan, A. Bohe, C. Bond, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, J. E. Broida, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, D. D. Brown, N. M. Brown, S. Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, K. C. Cannon, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, C. Casanueva Diaz, J. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. B. Cepeda, L. Cerboni Baiardi, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. Chen, Y. Chen, C. Cheng, A. Chincarini, A. Chiummo, H. S. Cho, M. Cho, J. H. Chow, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, S. Chua, S. Chung, G. Ciani, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, A. Colla, C. G. Collette, L. Cominsky, M. Constancio, Jr., A. Conte, L. Conti, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, N. Cornish, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, P. Couvares, E. E. Cowan, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, K. Craig, J. D. E. Creighton, J. Cripe, S. G. Crowder, A. Cumming, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, T. Dal Canton, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, N. S. Darman, A. Dasgupta, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, E. J. Daw, R. Day, S. De, D. DeBra, G. Debreczeni, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, W. Del Pozzo, T. Denker, T. Dent, V. Dergachev, R. De Rosa, R. T. DeRosa, R. DeSalvo, R. C. Devine, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, L. Di Fiore, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, R. Douglas, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, M. Ducrot, S. E. Dwyer, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, W. Engels, R. C. Essick, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, R. Everett, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, Q. Fang, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. Fauchon-Jones, M. Favata, M. Fays, H. Fehrmann, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. G. Gabbard, S. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, S. G. Gaonkar, F. Garufi, G. Gaur, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, P. Geng, E. Genin, A. Gennai, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, A. Glaefke, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, L. Gondan, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, N. A. Gordon, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, P. B. Graff, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, G. M. Guidi, X. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, J. J. Hacker, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, M. T. Hartman, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, J. Henry, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, Y. M. Hu, S. Huang, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, N. Indik, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, T. Isogai, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, H. Jang, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, L. Jian, F. Jiménez-Forteza, W. W. Johnson, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, Haris K, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, F. Kéfélian, M. S. Kehl, D. Keitel, D. B. Kelley, W. Kells, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Chunglee Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, S. J. Kimbrell, E. J. King, P. J. King, J. S. Kissel, B. Klein, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, S. M. Koehlenbeck, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, V. Kringel, A. Królak, C. Krueger, G. Kuehn, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, B. D. Lackey, M. Landry, J. Lange, B. Lantz, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, E. O. Lebigot, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, K. Lee, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, J. B. Lewis, T. G. F. Li, A. Libson, T. B. Littenberg, N. A. Lockerbie, A. L. Lombardi, L. T. London, J. E. Lord, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Magaña Zertuche, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. S. Markosyan, E. Maros, F. Martelli, L. Martellini, I. W. Martin, D. V. Martynov, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, R. 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Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, G. Wu, J. Yablon, W. Yam, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, H. Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, L. Zangrando, M. Zanolin, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, S. E. Zuraw, J. Zweizig, M. Boyle, B. Brügmann, M. Campanelli, T. Chu, M. Clark, R. Haas, D. Hemberger, I. Hinder, L. E. Kidder, M. Kinsey, P. Laguna, S. Ossokine, Y. Pan, C. Röver, M. Scheel, B. Szilagyi, S. Teukolsky, and Y. Zlochower
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: This paper presents updated estimates of source parameters for GW150914, a binary black-hole coalescence event detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2015 [Abbott et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016).]. Abbott et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 (2016).] presented parameter estimation of the source using a 13-dimensional, phenomenological precessing-spin model (precessing IMRPhenom) and an 11-dimensional nonprecessing effective-one-body (EOB) model calibrated to numerical-relativity simulations, which forces spin alignment (nonprecessing EOBNR). Here, we present new results that include a 15-dimensional precessing-spin waveform model (precessing EOBNR) developed within the EOB formalism. We find good agreement with the parameters estimated previously [Abbott et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 (2016).], and we quote updated component masses of 35_{-3}^{+5} M_{⊙} and 30_{-4}^{+3} M_{⊙} (where errors correspond to 90% symmetric credible intervals). We also present slightly tighter constraints on the dimensionless spin magnitudes of the two black holes, with a primary spin estimate
Published: 2016
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44. Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run

Author: B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, M. Ast, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, P. Bacon, M. K. M. Bader, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, J. C. Barayoga, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, J. C. Batch, C. Baune, V. Bavigadda, M. Bazzan, M. Bejger, A. S. Bell, B. K. Berger, G. Bergmann, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, S. Bhagwat, R. Bhandare, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, J. Birch, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, A. Bisht, M. Bitossi, C. Biwer, M. A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, S. Bloemen, O. Bock, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, C. Bogan, A. Bohe, C. Bond, F. Bondu, R. Bonnand, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, S. Bose, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, T. Briant, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, V. Brisson, P. Brockill, J. E. Broida, A. F. Brooks, D. A. Brown, D. D. Brown, N. M. Brown, S. Brunett, C. C. Buchanan, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, M. Cabero, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, T. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, K. C. Cannon, J. Cao, C. D. Capano, E. Capocasa, F. Carbognani, S. Caride, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, C. B. Cepeda, L. Cerboni Baiardi, G. Cerretani, E. Cesarini, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Chan, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. Chassande-Mottin, B. D. Cheeseboro, H. Y. 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Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, A. Di Virgilio, V. Dolique, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, R. Douglas, T. P. Downes, M. Drago, R. W. P. Drever, J. C. Driggers, M. Ducrot, S. E. Dwyer, T. B. Edo, M. C. Edwards, A. Effler, H.-B. Eggenstein, P. Ehrens, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, W. Engels, R. C. Essick, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, R. Everett, M. Factourovich, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, X. Fan, Q. Fang, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, M. Favata, M. Fays, H. Fehrmann, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, I. Ferrante, E. C. Ferreira, F. Ferrini, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, D. Fiorucci, R. P. Fisher, R. Flaminio, M. Fletcher, H. Fong, J.-D. Fournier, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, V. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. G. Gabbard, S. Gaebel, J. R. Gair, L. Gammaitoni, S. G. Gaonkar, F. Garufi, G. Gaur, N. Gehrels, G. Gemme, P. Geng, E. Genin, A. Gennai, J. George, L. Gergely, V. Germain, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, S. Ghosh, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, A. Giazotto, K. Gill, A. Glaefke, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, L. Gondan, G. González, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, A. Gopakumar, N. A. Gordon, M. L. Gorodetsky, S. E. Gossan, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, A. Grado, C. Graef, P. B. Graff, M. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, C. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, P. Groot, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, G. M. Guidi, X. Guo, A. Gupta, M. K. Gupta, K. E. Gushwa, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, J. J. Hacker, B. R. Hall, E. D. Hall, H. Hamilton, G. Hammond, M. Haney, M. M. Hanke, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, J. Hanson, T. Hardwick, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, M. J. Hart, M. T. Hartman, C.-J. Haster, K. Haughian, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, M. C. Heintze, H. Heitmann, P. Hello, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, J. Hennig, J. Henry, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, S. Hild, D. Hoak, D. Hofman, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, E. A. Houston, E. J. Howell, Y. M. Hu, S. Huang, E. A. Huerta, D. Huet, B. Hughey, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, T. Huynh-Dinh, N. Indik, D. R. Ingram, R. Inta, H. N. Isa, J.-M. Isac, M. Isi, T. Isogai, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, T. Jacqmin, H. Jang, K. Jani, P. Jaranowski, S. Jawahar, L. Jian, F. Jiménez-Forteza, W. W. Johnson, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, D. I. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, Haris K, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, S. J. Kapadia, S. Karki, K. S. Karvinen, M. Kasprzack, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, S. Kaufer, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, F. Kéfélian, M. S. Kehl, D. Keitel, D. B. Kelley, W. Kells, R. Kennedy, J. S. Key, F. Y. Khalili, I. Khan, S. Khan, Z. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Chunglee Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, S. J. Kimbrell, E. J. King, P. J. King, J. S. Kissel, B. Klein, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, S. M. Koehlenbeck, S. Koley, V. Kondrashov, A. Kontos, M. Korobko, W. Z. Korth, I. Kowalska, D. B. Kozak, V. Kringel, B. Krishnan, A. Królak, C. Krueger, G. Kuehn, P. Kumar, R. Kumar, L. Kuo, A. Kutynia, B. D. Lackey, M. Landry, J. Lange, B. Lantz, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, E. O. Lebigot, C. H. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, K. Lee, A. Lenon, M. Leonardi, J. R. Leong, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, Y. Levin, J. B. Lewis, T. G. F. Li, A. Libson, T. B. Littenberg, N. A. Lockerbie, A. L. Lombardi, L. T. London, J. E. Lord, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, J. D. Lough, C. Lousto, H. Lück, A. P. Lundgren, R. Lynch, Y. Ma, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Magaña Zertuche, R. M. Magee, E. Majorana, I. Maksimovic, V. Malvezzi, N. Man, I. Mandel, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, F. Marchesoni, F. Marion, S. Márka, Z. Márka, A. S. Markosyan, E. Maros, F. Martelli, L. Martellini, I. W. Martin, D. V. Martynov, J. N. Marx, K. Mason, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, F. Matichard, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, N. Mazumder, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, S. McCormick, S. C. McGuire, G. McIntyre, J. McIver, D. J. McManus, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, G. D. Meadors, J. Meidam, A. Melatos, G. Mendell, R. A. Mercer, E. L. Merilh, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, R. Metzdorff, P. M. Meyers, F. Mezzani, H. Miao, C. Michel, H. Middleton, E. E. Mikhailov, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. B. Miller, J. Miller, M. Millhouse, Y. Minenkov, J. Ming, S. Mirshekari, C. Mishra, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, A. Moggi, M. Mohan, S. R. P. Mohapatra, M. Montani, B. C. Moore, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, G. Moreno, S. R. Morriss, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, G. Mueller, A. W. Muir, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, S. Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, D. J. Murphy, P. G. Murray, A. Mytidis, I. Nardecchia, L. Naticchioni, R. K. Nayak, K. Nedkova, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Neri, A. Neunzert, G. Newton, T. T. Nguyen, A. B. Nielsen, S. Nissanke, A. Nitz, F. Nocera, D. Nolting, M. E. N. Normandin, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, E. Ochsner, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, G. H. Ogin, J. J. Oh, S. H. Oh, F. Ohme, M. Oliver, P. Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. O’Shaughnessy, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, A. Pal-Singh, H. Pan, Y. Pan, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, M. A. Papa, H. R. Paris, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, B. Patricelli, Z. Patrick, B. L. Pearlstone, M. Pedraza, R. Pedurand, L. Pekowsky, A. Pele, S. Penn, A. Perreca, L. M. Perri, H. P. Pfeiffer, M. Phelps, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pitkin, M. Poe, R. Poggiani, P. Popolizio, E. Porter, A. Post, J. Powell, J. Prasad, V. Predoi, T. Prestegard, L. R. Price, M. Prijatelj, M. Principe, S. Privitera, R. Prix, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, O. Puncken, M. Punturo, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, J. Qin, S. Qiu, V. Quetschke, E. A. Quintero, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, D. S. Rabeling, H. Radkins, P. Raffai, S. Raja, C. Rajan, M. Rakhmanov, P. Rapagnani, V. Raymond, M. Razzano, V. Re, J. Read, C. M. Reed, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, D. H. Reitze, H. Rew, S. D. Reyes, F. Ricci, K. Riles, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, V. J. Roma, J. D. Romano, R. Romano, G. Romanov, J. H. Romie, D. Rosińska, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, L. Sadeghian, M. Sakellariadou, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, L. Sammut, E. J. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, B. Sandeen, J. R. Sanders, B. Sassolas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, O. E. S. Sauter, R. L. Savage, A. Sawadsky, P. Schale, R. Schilling, J. Schmidt, P. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, E. Schreiber, D. Schuette, B. F. Schutz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, D. A. Shaddock, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, M. Shaltev, B. Shapiro, P. Shawhan, A. Sheperd, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, K. Siellez, X. Siemens, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, A. D. Silva, A. Singer, L. P. Singer, A. Singh, R. Singh, A. Singhal, A. M. Sintes, B. J. J. Slagmolen, J. R. Smith, N. D. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, E. J. Son, B. Sorazu, F. Sorrentino, T. Souradeep, A. K. Srivastava, A. Staley, M. Steinke, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. Steinmeyer, B. C. Stephens, S. Stevenson, R. Stone, K. A. Strain, N. Straniero, G. Stratta, N. A. Strauss, S. Strigin, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, L. Sun, S. Sunil, P. J. Sutton, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Tacca, D. Talukder, D. B. Tanner, M. Tápai, S. P. Tarabrin, A. Taracchini, R. Taylor, T. Theeg, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. G. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, S. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, K. V. Tokmakov, K. Toland, C. Tomlinson, M. Tonelli, Z. Tornasi, C. V. Torres, C. I. Torrie, D. Töyrä, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, D. Trifirò, M. C. Tringali, L. Trozzo, M. Tse, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, D. Ugolini, C. S. Unnikrishnan, A. L. Urban, S. A. Usman, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, G. Valdes, M. Vallisneri, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, A. A. van Veggel, M. Vardaro, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, R. Vaulin, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, D. V. Voss, W. D. Vousden, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, G. Wang, H. Wang, M. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, L. Wen, P. Weßels, T. Westphal, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, R. D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, M. H. Wimmer, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. Worden, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, G. Wu, J. Yablon, W. Yam, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, H. Yu, M. Yvert, A. Zadrożny, L. Zangrando, M. Zanolin, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, S. E. Zuraw, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The first observational run of the Advanced LIGO detectors, from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, saw the first detections of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers. In this paper, we present full results from a search for binary black hole merger signals with total masses up to 100M_{⊙} and detailed implications from our observations of these systems. Our search, based on general-relativistic models of gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole systems, unambiguously identified two signals, GW150914 and GW151226, with a significance of greater than 5σ over the observing period. It also identified a third possible signal, LVT151012, with substantially lower significance and with an 87% probability of being of astrophysical origin. We provide detailed estimates of the parameters of the observed systems. Both GW150914 and GW151226 provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the two-body motion of a compact-object binary in the large velocity, highly nonlinear regime. We do not observe any deviations from general relativity, and we place improved empirical bounds on several high-order post-Newtonian coefficients. From our observations, we infer stellar-mass binary black hole merger rates lying in the range 9–240 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}. These observations are beginning to inform astrophysical predictions of binary black hole formation rates and indicate that future observing runs of the Advanced detector network will yield many more gravitational-wave detections.
Published: 2016
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45. Effects of the electrostatic environment on the Majorana nanowire devices

Author: A Vuik, D Eeltink, A R Akhmerov, and M Wimmer
Subjects: Majorana zero modes, semiconducting nanowires, electrostatics, semiconductor–superconductor heterostructures, 73.20.At, 73.63.Nm, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: One of the promising platforms for creating Majorana bound states is a hybrid nanostructure consisting of a semiconducting nanowire covered by a superconductor. We analyze the previously disregarded role of electrostatic interaction in these devices. Our main result is that Coulomb interaction causes the chemical potential to respond to an applied magnetic field, while spin–orbit interaction and screening by the superconducting lead suppress this response. Consequently, the electrostatic environment influences two properties of Majorana devices: the shape of the topological phase boundary and the oscillations of the Majorana splitting energy. We demonstrate that both properties show a non-universal behavior, and depend on the details of the electrostatic environment. We show that when the wire only contains a single electron mode, the experimentally accessible inverse self-capacitance of this mode fully captures the interplay between electrostatics and Zeeman field. This offers a way to compare theoretical predictions with experiments.
Published: 2016
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46. Low-Energy Magnetic Radiation

Author: Frauendorf S., Beard M., Mumpower M., Schwengner R., and Wimmer K.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A pronounced spike at low energy in the strength function for magnetic radiation (LEMAR) is found by means of Shell Model calculations, which explains the experimentally observed enhancement of the dipole strength. LEMAR originates from statistical low-energy M1-transitions between many excited complex states. Re-coupling of the proton and neutron high-j orbitals generates the strong magnetic radiation. LEMAR is predicted for nuclides with A ≈ 132 participating in the r-process of element synthesis. It increases the reaction rates by a factor of 2.5. The spectral function of LEMAR follows Planck’s Law. A power law for the size distribution of the B(M1) values is found.
Published: 2015
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47. Do nuclei go pear-shaped? Coulomb excitation of 220Rn and 224Ra at REX-ISOLDE (CERN)

Author: Scheck M., Gaffney L. P., Butler P. A., Hayes A. B., Wenander F., Albers M., Bastin B., Bauer C., Blazhev A., Boenig S., Bree N., Cederkall J., Chupp T., Cline D., Cocolios T. E., Davinson T., De Witte H., Diriken J., Grahn T., Herzan A., Huyse M., Jenkins D. G., Joss D. T., Kesteloot N., Konki J., Kowalczyk M., Kroell Th., Kwan E., Lutter R., Moschner K., Napiorkowski P., Pakarinen J., Pfeiffer M., Radeck D., Reiter P., Reynders K., Rigby S. V., Robledo L. M., Rudigier M., Sambi S., Seidlitz M., Siebeck B., Stora T., Thoele P., Van Duppen P., Vermeulen M. J., von Schmid M., Voulot D., Warr N., Wimmer K., Wrzosek-Lipska K., Wu C. Y., and Zielinska M.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The IS475 collaboration conducted Coulomb-excitation experiments with post-accelerated radioactive 220Rn and 224Ra beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. The beam particles (Ebeam: 2.83 MeV/u) were Coulomb excited using 60Ni, 114Cd, and 120Sn scattering targets. De-excitation γ-rays were detected employing the Miniball array and scattered particles were detected in a silicon detector. Exploiting the Coulomb-excitation code GOSIA for each nucleus several matrix elements could be obtained from the measured γ-ray yields. The extracted ‹3−||E3||0+› matrix element allows for the conclusion that, while 220Rn represents an octupole vibrational system, 224Ra has already substantial octupole correlations in its ground state. This finding has implications for the search of CP-violating Schiff moments in the atomic systems of the adjacent odd-mass nuclei.
Published: 2015
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48. Evolution of collectivity in the 78Ni region: Coulomb excitation of 74Ni at intermediate energies.

Author: Marchi T., de Angelis G., Baugher T., Bazin D., Berryman J., Bonaccorso A., Clark R., Coraggio L., Covello A., Crawford H., Doncel M., Farnea E., Gade A., Gadea A., Gargano A., Glasmacher T., Gottardo A., Gramegna F., Itaco N., Kumar R., Lenzi S. M., McDaniel S., Michelagnoli C., Napoli D.R., Quintana B., Ratkiewicz A., Recchia F., Sahin E., Stroberg R., Valiente-Dobón J.J., Weisshaar D., Wimmer K., and Winkler R.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The study of the collective properties of nuclear excitations far from stability provides information about the shell structure at extreme conditions. Spectroscopic observables such as the energy or the transition probabilities of the lowest states, in nuclei with large neutron excess, allow to probe the density and isospin dependence of the effective interaction. Indeed, it was recently shown that tensor and three-body forces play an important role in breaking and creating magic numbers. Emblematic is the case of the evolution of the Ni isotopic chain where several features showed up moving from the most neutron rich stable isotope (64Ni) towards the 78Ni nucleus where the large neutron excess coincides with a double shell closure. In this framework, we have recently performed an experiment with the goal to extract the B(E2; 0+ → 2+) value for the 74Ni nucleus in an intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation experiment: preliminary results are discussed.
Published: 2014
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49. Exclusive measurements of nuclear breakup reactions of 17Ne

Author: Wamers F., Marganiec J., Aksouh F., Aksyutina Yu., Álvarez-Pol H., Aumann T., Beceiro-Novo S., Bertulani C.A., Boretzky K., Borge M.J.G., Chartier M., Chatillon A., Chulkov L.V., Cortina-Gil D., Egorova I.A., Emling H., Ershova O., Forssén C., Fraile L.M., Fynbo H., Galaviz D., Geissel H., Grigorenko L.V., Heil M., Hoffmann D.H.H., Hoffmann J., Johansson H., Jonson B., Karagiannis C., Karakoç M., Kiselev O.A., Kratz J.V., Kulessa R., Kurz N., Langer C., Lantz M., Larsson K., Bleis T. Le, Lemmon R., Litvinov Yu.A., Mahata K., Müntz C., Nilsson T., Nociforo C., Nyman G., Ott W., Panin V., Parfenova Yu.L., Paschalis S., Perea A., Plag R., Reifarth R., Richter A., Rodriguez-Tajes C., Rossi D., Riisager K., Savran D., Schrieder G., Shul’gina N.B., Simon H., Stroth J., Sümmerer K., Taylor J., Tengblad O., Tengborn E., Weick H., Wimmer C., and Zhukov M.V.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We have studied one-proton-removal reactions of about 500MeV/u 17Ne beams on a carbon target at the R3B/LAND setup at GSI by detecting beam-like 15O-p and determining their relative-energy distribution. We exclusively selected the removal of a 17Ne halo proton, and the Glauber-model analysis of the 16F momentum distribution resulted in an s2 contribution in the 17Ne ground state of about 40%.
Published: 2014
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50. Measurement of astrophysically important excitation energies of 58Zn with GRETINA

Author: Langer C., Montes F., Aprahamian A., Bardayan D. W., Bazin D., Brown B.A., Browne J., Crawford H., Cyburt R., Domingo-Pardo C., Gade A., George S., Hosmer P., Keek L., Kontos A., Lee I-Y., Lemasson A., Lunderberg E., Maeda Y., Matos M., Meisel Z., Noji S., Nystrom A., Perdikakis G., Pereira J., Quinn S., Recchia F., Schatz H., Scott M., Siegl K., Simon A., Smith M., Spyrou A., Stevens J., Stroberg R., Weisshaar D., Wheeler J., Wimmer K., and Zegers R.G.T.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The level structure of neutron-deficient 58Zn has been extracted experimentally. This nucleus is important for the rapid proton-capture process. 58Zn was produced by using a (d,n)-type transfer reaction on 57Cu in inverse kinematics at beam energies of 75 MeV/u. Several γ-ray transitions have been identified. The experiment utilized the state-of-the-art GRETINA γ-ray energy tracking array in conjunction with the largeacceptance spectrometer S800 at NSCL. The excitation energies of the identified low-lying states in 58Zn are important for constraining the 57Cu(p,γ)58Zn reaction rate under X-ray burst conditions.
Published: 2014
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