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1. SiPM cross-talk in liquid argon detectors

Author

M. G. Boulay, V. Camillo, N. Canci, S. Choudhary, L. Consiglio, A. Flammini, C. Galbiati, C. Ghiano, A. Gola, S. Horikawa, P. Kachru, I. Kochanek, K. Kondo, G. Korga, M. Kuźniak, A. Mazzi, A. Moharana, G. Nieradka, G. Paternoster, A. Razeto, D. Sablone, T. N. Thorpe, C. Türkoğlu, H. Wang, M. Rescigno, and S. Sanfilippo

Subjects
liquid argon detector, light yield, SiPM, cross-talk, correlated noises, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

SiPM-based readouts are becoming the standard for light detection in particle detectors given their superior resolution and ease of use with respect to vacuum tube photo-multipliers. However, the contributions of noise detection such as the dark rate, cross-talk, and after-pulsing (AP) may significantly impact their performance. In this work, we present the development of highly reflective single-phase argon chambers capable of displaying light yields up to 32 photo-electrons per keV, with approximately 12 being primary photo-electrons generated by the argon scintillation, while the rest are accounted by optical cross-talk. Furthermore, the presence of compound processes results in a generalized Fano factor larger than 2 already at an over-voltage of 5 V. Finally, we present a parametrization of the optical cross-talk for the FBK NUV-HD-Cryo SiPMs at 87 K that can be extended to future detectors with tailored optical simulations.

Published
2023
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2. SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range

Author

F. Pietropaolo, Min-Xin Guan, S. Rescia, Federica Villa, F. Coccetti, A. Sheshukov, D. A. Semenov, Alberto Masoni, C. Savarese, F. Ameli, S. Bussino, Jocelyn Monroe, Paola Sala, Lelio Luzzi, R. Tartaglia, B. Hosseini, Chung-Yao Yang, I. Kochanek, Andrea Messina, S. Davini, A. V. Derbin, Paul H. Humble, V. Strickland, A. Franceschi, A. L. Hallin, P. Skensved, O. Smirnov, A. De Falco, C. Ripoli, E. Paoloni, B. Lehnert, E. Segreto, Laura A. Pellegrini, André Rubbia, Manuel Colocci, Aldo Ghisi, Marzio Nessi, V. Cocco, R. Graciani Diaz, Pietro Antonioli, M. G. Boulay, L. La Delfa, P. Cavalcante, V. Barbaryan, A.E. Bondar, W. Bonivento, C. Cantini, M. Lai, J. Mason, G. Fiorillo, Sara Sulis, L. P. Rignanese, T. N. Thorpe, Mariano Cadoni, T. Pollmann, E. V. Unzhakov, Q. Liqiang, Giovanni Covone, S. De Cecco, E. Scapparone, Andrea Gabrieli, Marino Simeone, C. Dionisi, N. Rossi, R. Stainforth, Mauro Marinelli, C. Regenfus, Gillian Kopp, Mauro Mariani, I. N. Machulin, G. De Guido, M. Lissia, Federico Perotti, S. S. Poudel, A. B. McDonald, G. Dellacasa, Carlo Muscas, M. Fernandez Diaz, Darren Price, George E. Froudakis, A. Oleinik, N. Canci, H. O. Back, G. De Rosa, O. Gorchakov, R. B. Vogelaar, G. K. Giovanetti, Simonetta Palmas, Marco Pallavicini, A. D. Martinez Rojas, W. Mu, V. Oleynikov, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, F. Di Eusanio, M. Grab, An. Ianni, Rudi Lussana, G. L. Usai, Luciano Pandola, M. D. Skorokhvatov, E. Borisova, Pascal Pralavorio, F. Pazzona, M. Gromov, A. Grobov, M. M. Wojcik, G. Dolganov, S. Manecki, A. K. Alton, E. Frolov, J. Wahl, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, I. Nikulin, Aldo Romani, Annalisa Vacca, E. Conde Vilda, O. Dadoun, V. N. Muratova, S. Cebrián, B. Bottino, M. L. Gligan, R. Milincic, J. A. Wilson, G. Zuzel, Thomas Alexander, M. D'Incecco, L. Romero, S. Murphy, C. L. Kendziora, A. Devoto, L. Di Noto, E. V. Hungerford, A. Asunskis, S. Westerdale, P. Agnes, Yanchu Wang, E. Sandford, B. Schlitzer, Stefania Moioli, C. Giganti, M. Downing, R. Santorelli, Rosario Nania, Alberto Tosi, Mario Patricio Padilla Martínez, A.V. Shchagin, A. Buzulutskov, M. Caravati, F. Raffaelli, P. Giampa, Davide Portaluppi, Fabrice Hubaut, C. J. Jillings, K. Pelczar, Cristiano Galbiati, L. Pagani, J. A. Nowak, A. Sotnikov, Y. Suvorov, M. Da Rocha Rolo, A. Ilyasov, Eric W. Hoppe, S. Abdelhakim, M. K. Daniel, J. Rode, L. Mapelli, F. Retiere, Han Wang, M. Garbini, D. De Gruttola, M. Haranczyk, R. Kugathasan, R. Bunker, Raffaele Ardito, V. Bocci, G. Di Pietro, Z. Ye, N. Funicello, A. S. Kubankin, D. Franco, A. Pocar, N. Levashko, W. Cheng, A. Mandarano, A. Caminata, V. Pesudo, F. Gabriele, Francesca Dordei, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, A. Vishneva, F. Cossio, G. Batignani, A. Steri, M. Orsini, D. Santone, M. Ave, P. Garcia Abia, B. Celano, T. Mroz, Stefano Cavuoti, Francesco Ragusa, R. K. Haaland, A. Gendotti, Mario Giorgi, Jay W. Grate, Marcelo Braga Bueno Guerra, M. La Commara, A. M. Szelc, D. Gascon Fora, A. Castellani, S. Chashin, G. U. Lodi, Silvia Arcelli, E. Pantic, A. Tonazzo, Marco Sant, R. J. Wheadon, Maria Giuseppina Bisogni, M. Rescigno, Anton Empl, D. Cavazza, A. Navrer Agasson, R. Cereseto, M. Razeti, R. Ajaj, Nicomede Pelliccia, Xiujiang Li, S. Wu, M. Guerzoni, S. J. M. Peeters, Pasquale Arpaia, V. Nosov, J. Anstey, Craig E. Aalseth, Andrey Sokolov, Paolo Musico, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Cariello, E. Sanchez Garcia, T. Viant, A. Candela, M. Kuss, K. Kondo, S. Siddhanta, F. Edalatfar, G. Korga, M. Tuveri, A. A. Machado, C. Ghiano, B. R. Hackett, Gilda Scioli, I. J. Arnquist, C. Pellegrino, Giuseppe Longo, A. L. Renshaw, Valerio Ippolito, A. Moggi, F. Carnesecchi, L. Consiglio, Angelo Rivetti, S. Viel, Pierfranco Demontis, Andrea Alici, B. Harrop, O. Samoylov, P. Di Stefano, G. Bonfini, Piero Salatino, Richard M. Williams, G. Sobrero, M. Cadeddu, K. J. Keeter, Marco Grassi, A. Barrado Olmedo, E. Picciau, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, S. Sanfilippo, Fausto Ortica, J. M. Cela Ruiz, C. Cicalò, T. Napolitano, P. N. Singh, Paolo Castello, S. Stracka, K. Fomenko, M. Zuffa, D. M. Asner, M. Lebois, B. Radics, L. Cifarelli, S. De Pasquale, Allen Seifert, Marisa Gulino, D. Marras, R. A. Giampaolo, J. Maricic, Michele Mascia, M. De Deo, M. Arba, S. Horikawa, I. D'Antone, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Filip, Mauro Citterio, Denis Korablev, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, T. Miletic, Paolo Crivelli, J. Walding, G. Testera, Giuseppe Baldovino Suffritti, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie de la Santé (IFRESIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IFR143, Aalseth, C. E., Abdelhakim, S., Agnes, P., Ajaj, R., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Ameli, F., Anstey, J., Antonioli, P., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Arpaia, P., Asner, D. M., Asunskis, A., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barbaryan, V., Barrado Olmedo, A., Batignani, G., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carnesecchi, F., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavazza, D., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Cela Ruiz, J. M., Celano, B., Cereseto, R., Chashin, S., Cheng, W., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Coccetti, F., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Conde Vilda, E., Consiglio, L., Cossio, F., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D’Antone, I., D’Incecco, M., Da Rocha Rolo, M. D., Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Demontis, P., De Pasquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Eusanio, F. Di, Di Noto, L., Di Pietro, G., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Edalatfar, F., Empl, A., Fernandez Diaz, M., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Froudakis, G. E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Garcia Abia, P., Gascón Fora, D., Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Ghisi, A., Giampa, P., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gorchakov, O., Grab, M., Graciani Diaz, R., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ilyasov, A., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Kopp, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., Lai, M., Lebois, M., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Liqiang, Q., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Longo, G., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Manecki, S., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marras, D., Martínez, M., Martinez Rojas, A. D., Mascia, M., Mason, J., Masoni, A., Mcdonald, A. B., Messina, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Navrer Agasson, A., Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Nosov, V., Nowak, J. A., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Pietropaolo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T. R., Portaluppi, D., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Regenfus, C., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Rode, J., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sala, P., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., Sánchez García, E., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Siddhanta, S., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stainforth, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Suffritti, G. B., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viant, T., Viel, S., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wahl, J., Walding, J. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, J., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wu, S., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zuffa, M., Zuzel, G., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Aalseth C.E., Abdelhakim S., Agnes P., Ajaj R., Albuquerque I.F.M., Alexander T., Alici A., Alton A.K., Amaudruz P., Ameli F., Anstey J., Antonioli P., Arba M., Arcelli S., Ardito R., Arnquist I.J., Arpaia P., Asner D.M., Asunskis A., Ave M., Back H.O., Barbaryan V., Barrado Olmedo A., Batignani G., Bisogni M.G., Bocci V., Bondar A., Bonfini G., Bonivento W., Borisova E., Bottino B., Boulay M.G., Bunker R., Bussino S., Buzulutskov A., Cadeddu M., Cadoni M., Caminata A., Canci N., Candela A., Cantini C., Caravati M., Cariello M., Carnesecchi F., Castellani A., Castello P., Cavalcante P., Cavazza D., Cavuoti S., Cebrian S., Cela Ruiz J.M., Celano B., Cereseto R., Chashin S., Cheng W., Chepurnov A., Cicalo C., Cifarelli L., Citterio M., Coccetti F., Cocco V., Colocci M., Conde Vilda E., Consiglio L., Cossio F., Covone G., Crivelli P., D'Antone I., D'Incecco M., Da Rocha Rolo M.D., Dadoun O., Daniel M., Davini S., De Cecco S., De Deo M., De Falco A., De Gruttola D., De Guido G., De Rosa G., Dellacasa G., Demontis P., De Pasquale S., Derbin A.V., Devoto A., Eusanio F.D., Di Noto L., Di Pietro G., Di Stefano P., Dionisi C., Dolganov G., Dordei F., Downing M., Edalatfar F., Empl A., Fernandez Diaz M., Filip C., Fiorillo G., Fomenko K., Franceschi A., Franco D., Frolov E., Froudakis G.E., Funicello N., Gabriele F., Gabrieli A., Galbiati C., Garbini M., Garcia Abia P., Gascon Fora D., Gendotti A., Ghiano C., Ghisi A., Giampa P., Giampaolo R.A., Giganti C., Giorgi M.A., Giovanetti G.K., Gligan M.L., Gorchakov O., Grab M., Graciani Diaz R., Grassi M., Grate J.W., Grobov A., Gromov M., Guan M., Guerra M.B.B., Guerzoni M., Gulino M., Haaland R.K., Hackett B.R., Hallin A., Haranczyk M., Harrop B., Hoppe E.W., Horikawa S., Hosseini B., Hubaut F., Humble P., Hungerford E.V., Ianni A., Ilyasov A., Ippolito V., Jillings C., Keeter K., Kendziora C.L., Kochanek I., Kondo K., Kopp G., Korablev D., Korga G., Kubankin A., Kugathasan R., Kuss M., La Commara M., La Delfa L., Lai M., Lebois M., Lehnert B., Levashko N., Li X., Liqiang Q., Lissia M., Lodi G.U., Longo G., Lussana R., Luzzi L., Machado A.A., Machulin I.N., Mandarano A., Manecki S., Mapelli L., Margotti A., Mari S.M., Mariani M., Maricic J., Marinelli M., Marras D., Martinez M., Martinez Rojas A.D., Mascia M., Mason J., Masoni A., McDonald A.B., Messina A., Miletic T., Milincic R., Moggi A., Moioli S., Monroe J., Morrocchi M., Mroz T., Mu W., Muratova V.N., Murphy S., Muscas C., Musico P., Nania R., Napolitano T., Navrer Agasson A., Nessi M., Nikulin I., Nosov V., Nowak J.A., Oleinik A., Oleynikov V., Orsini M., Ortica F., Pagani L., Pallavicini M., Palmas S., Pandola L., Pantic E., Paoloni E., Pazzona F., Peeters S., Pegoraro P.A., Pelczar K., Pellegrini L.A., Pellegrino C., Pelliccia N., Perotti F., Pesudo V., Picciau E., Pietropaolo F., Pocar A., Pollmann T.R., Portaluppi D., Poudel S.S., Pralavorio P., Price D., Radics B., Raffaelli F., Ragusa F., Razeti M., Regenfus C., Renshaw A.L., Rescia S., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Rignanese L.P., Ripoli C., Rivetti A., Rode J., Romani A., Romero L., Rossi N., Rubbia A., Sala P., Salatino P., Samoylov O., Sanchez Garcia E., Sandford E., Sanfilippo S., Sant M., Santone D., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schlitzer B., Scioli G., Segreto E., Seifert A., Semenov D.A., Shchagin A., Sheshukov A., Siddhanta S., Simeone M., Singh P.N., Skensved P., Skorokhvatov M.D., Smirnov O., Sobrero G., Sokolov A., Sotnikov A., Stainforth R., Steri A., Stracka S., Strickland V., Suffritti G.B., Sulis S., Suvorov Y., Szelc A.M., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thorpe T., Tonazzo A., Tosi A., Tuveri M., Unzhakov E.V., Usai G., Vacca A., Vazquez-Jauregui E., Viant T., Viel S., Villa F., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., Wahl J., Walding J.J., Wang H., Wang Y., Westerdale S., Wheadon R.J., Williams R., Wilson J., Wojcik M.M., Wojcik M., Wu S., Xiao X., Yang C., Ye Z., Zuffa M., and Zuzel G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), darkside, cmos, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, sipm, physics.ins-det, Physics, ESPALHAMENTO, Bremsstrahlung, neutrinos, Noble gas, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), argon, photoluminescence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Photomultiplier, SiPM readout two-phase argon detectors electroluminescence visible near infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:Astrophysics, physics, detector, cmos, dark matter, darkside, photoluminescence, sipm, radiation, neutrinos, argon, Electroluminescence, dark matter, Electron avalanche, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering (miscellaneous), Scintillation, Argon, detector, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, radiation, chemistry, lcsh:QC770-798, SiPM, dual-phase TPC, Darkside-20k, business, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in noble gases is used in two-phase detectors for dark matter searches to record (in the gas phase) the ionization signal induced by particle scattering in the liquid phase. The "standard" EL mechanism is considered to be due to noble gas excimer emission in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV). In addition, there are two alternative mechanisms, producing light in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges. The first is due to bremsstrahlung of electrons scattered on neutral atoms ("neutral bremsstrahlung", NBrS). The second, responsible for electron avalanche scintillation in the NIR at higher electric fields, is due to transitions between excited atomic states. In this work, we have for the first time demonstrated two alternative techniques of the optical readout of two-phase argon detectors, in the visible and NIR range, using a silicon photomultiplier matrix and electroluminescence due to either neutral bremsstrahlung or avalanche scintillation. The amplitude yield and position resolution were measured for these readout techniques, which allowed to assess the detection threshold for electron and nuclear recoils in two-phase argon detectors for dark matter searches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical application of the NBrS effect in detection science., Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables

Published
2021

3. Separating $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ from $${^{40}\hbox {Ar}}$$ by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches

Author

T. Napolitano, Stefano Cavuoti, A.E. Bondar, H. O. Back, G. De Rosa, Silvia Arcelli, A. Navrer Agasson, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Della Valle, Min-Xin Guan, M. Garbini, Francesca Dordei, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, M. Gromov, M. Carlini, A. M. Goretti, A. Vishneva, E. V. Hungerford, V. Pesudo, P. Garcia Abia, Paolo Castello, S. Torres-Lara, S. Stracka, S. Westerdale, Mario Giorgi, Lance S. Lidey, R. Stefanizzi, G. Fiorillo, T. Erjavec, M. La Commara, A. M. Szelc, O. Dadoun, T. Hugues, Han Wang, D. Dongiovanni, S. Copello, A. Barrado Olmedo, Manuel Colocci, Giovanni Paternoster, Federico Perotti, F. Pietropaolo, S. Rescia, M. Razeti, A. Oleinik, A. Santucci, Sara Sulis, L. P. Rignanese, C. Cicalo, A. Sheshukov, Filippo Resnati, A. Marasciulli, C. Savarese, G. Dolganov, Chung-Yao Yang, Andrea Messina, A. V. Derbin, M. Wada, S. Davini, Alessia Tricomi, F. Coccetti, Thomas Alexander, Angelo Rivetti, Eugenio Scapparone, A. L. Hallin, N. Maccioni, M. Rossi, E. V. Canesi, P. D. Meyers, T. Vallivilayil John, V. N. Muratova, V. Goicoechea Casanueva, E. Picciau, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, D. A. Semenov, P. Di Stefano, Mariano Cadoni, B. Celano, G. K. Giovanetti, Yanchu Wang, K. Kondo, A. Grobov, N. Canci, M. Kuźniak, L. Romero, Z. Balmforth, S. Tosti, S. Farenzena, L. Pagani, Marino Simeone, T. Miletic, D. Franco, A. Devoto, A. Mazzi, Carlo Muscas, V. Cocco, S. Chashin, G. De Guido, P. Kachru, M. Lissia, Gilda Scioli, Valerio Ippolito, V. Strickland, A. K. Alton, E. Frolov, G. Korga, A. L. Renshaw, S. Sanfilippo, M. Rescigno, G. De Filippis, A. Moggi, R. Graciani Diaz, Luisa Cifarelli, S. De Pasquale, A. de Candia, E. Pantic, D. Cintas, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Stringer, Alberto Masoni, S. Cebrián, Marzio Nessi, E. Sandford, B. Schlitzer, E. Sanchez Garcia, Stefania Moioli, S. Bussino, C. J. Jillings, Piero Salatino, M. M. Wojcik, R. Miola, S. Viel, A. D. Martinez Rojas, M. Fernandez Diaz, Darren Price, D. De Gruttola, M. D’Aniello, A. Murenu, C. James, S. De Cecco, Giuseppe Longo, L. Mapelli, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, E. Conde Vilda, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, Andrea Alici, C. Ripoli, E. Paoloni, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, A. Razeto, Pasquale Arpaia, T. N. Thorpe, C. Guo, M. Cadeddu, B. Shaw, A. Basco, G. M. Sabiu, M. P. Zykova, L. Williams, R. I. Avetisov, D. M. Poehlmann, Y. Suvorov, P. Barrillon, A. Kish, I. N. Machulin, R. B. Vogelaar, An. Ianni, A. Martini, A.V. Shchagin, S. Vescovi, A. Buzulutskov, M. Da Rocha Rolo, P. Czudak, T. Viant, Marisa Gulino, Saverio D'Auria, M. K. Daniel, F. Retiere, Marco Pallavicini, B. Bottino, V. A. Sangiorgio, G. Zuzel, Jose Busto, C. Pellegrino, Gigi Cappello, B. Smith, S. Morisi, Vittorio Cataudella, S. S. Poudel, R. A. Giampaolo, J. Maricic, L. Musenich, Simonetta Palmas, F. Lippi, Francesco Ragusa, N. Cargioli, Michele Mascia, A. Gendotti, M. Lai, M. Leyton, O. Smirnov, M. Tuveri, G. Y. Grigoriev, I. Nikulin, Xiujiang Li, T. Pinna, M. I. Martínez, M. Downing, Rosario Nania, M. Masetto, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Kuss, N. Funicello, C. Giganti, G. Batignani, M. Ave, A. Castellani, M. G. Boulay, G. Testera, J. A. Nowak, J. Z. Szucs-Balazs, M. Arba, E. V. Unzhakov, S. Horikawa, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Filip, Sebastiano Albergo, M. D. Skorokhvatov, S. Pordes, G. L. Usai, M. L. Gligan, L. La Delfa, F. Raffaelli, A. Moharana, R. Milincic, A. Pocar, A. Franceschi, A. A. Kemp, A. De Falco, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, M. Guetti, A. V. Khomyakov, A. S. Kubankin, R. Tartaglia, G. Buccino, P. Skensved, André Rubbia, T. Mroz, E. Borisova, Pascal Pralavorio, Giovanni Covone, K. Pelczar, Cristiano Galbiati, G. Dellacasa, Giorgio Keppel, S. Langrock, C. L. Kendziora, S. Hill, M. Caravati, F. Carnesecchi, Fabrice Hubaut, R. Kugathasan, Luciano Pandola, A. Caminata, M. Rucaj, R. J. Wheadon, O. Azzolini, F. Gabriele, A. Tonazzo, C. Dionisi, P. Podda, I. Kochanek, J. Rode, M. Guerzoni, Laura A. Pellegrini, Paolo Musico, W. Bonivento, I. Ch. Avetissov, Mauro Marinelli, E. N. Mozhevitina, Andrey Sokolov, B. R. Hackett, A. B. McDonald, F. Zenobio, C. Ghiano, V. Oleynikov, F. Di Eusanio, L. Consiglio, O. Samoylov, P. Cavalcante, L. Di Noto, D. Santone, P. Agnes, S. Falciano, A. Ramirez, M. Haranczyk, S. Catalanotti, Andrea Zani, Antonino Zichichi, V. Santacroce, J. M. Cela Ruiz, D. La Grasta, V. Barbarian, N. Lami, Alberto Gola, and A. Steri

Subjects
Physics, Air separation, Argon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Natural abundance, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Fractionating column, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Aria is a plant hosting a$${350}\,\hbox {m}$$350mcryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is being installed in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. It was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Arin argon extracted from underground sources, called Underground Argon (UAr), which is used for dark-matter searches. Indeed,$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Aris a$$\beta $$β-emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors. In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of the isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant.

Published
2021

4. Compact, directional neutron detectors capable of high-resolution nuclear recoil imaging

Author

P.M. Lewis, T. N. Thorpe, M. T. Hedges, Stephen J. Ross, D. Pohl, Ihn Sik Seong, M. Garcia-Sciveres, Tomasz Hemperek, I. Jaegle, J. Schueler, Q. Ji, Jens Janssen, and S. E. Vahsen

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, Ionization, Neutron detection, Neutron, Nuclear, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, Scattering, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron temperature, Other Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Jaegle, I; Lewis, PM; Garcia-Sciveres, M; Hedges, MT; Hemperek, T; Janssen, J; Ji, Q; Pohl, DL; Ross, S; Schueler, J; Seong, I; Thorpe, TN; Vahsen, SE | Abstract: We report on the design, production, and performance of compact 40-cm3 Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) that detect fast neutrons by measuring the three-dimensional (3D) ionization distribution of nuclear recoils in 4He:CO2 gas at atmospheric pressure. We use these detectors to characterize the fast-neutron flux inside the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider in Tsukuba, Japan, where the primary design constraint is a small form factor. We find that the TPCs meet or exceed all design specifications, and are capable of measuring the 3D surface shape and charge density profile of ionization clouds from nuclear recoils and charged tracks in exquisite detail. Scaled-up detectors based on the detection principle demonstrated here may be suitable for directional dark matter searches, measurements of coherent neutrino–nucleus scattering, and other experiments requiring precise detection of neutrons or nuclear recoils.

Published
2019
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5. CYGNO a CYGNUs Collaboration 1 m3 Module with Optical Readout for Directional Dark Matter Search

Author

F. Renga, R. Gregorio, N. J. C. Spooner, W. A. Lynch, G. Maccarrone, Davide Pinci, Kentaro Miuchi, A. C. Ezeribe, C. Eldridge, R. Bedogni, Davide Piccolo, N. Phan, T. N. Thorpe, F. Bellini, Stefano Bianco, G. Cavoto, M. Marafini, G. Mazzitelli, D. Loomba, T. Gamble, F. Petrucci, Gregory Lane, A. Mills, Lindsey J. Bignell, E. Baracchini, Andrea Messina, Luisa Benussi, Sandro Tomassini, S. E. Vahsen, R. Gargana, and E. Di Marco

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Scattering, Dark matter, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Focus (optics), business, Projection (set theory), Image resolution
Abstract

The design of the project named CYGNO is presented. CYGNO is a new proposal supported by INFN, the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics, within CYGNUs proto-collaboration (CYGNUS-TPC) that aims to realize a distributed observatory in underground laboratories for directional Dark Matter (DM) search and the identification of the coherent neutrino scattering (CNS) from the Sun. CYGNO is one of the first prototypes in the road map to 100-1000 m3 of CYGNUs and will be located at the National Laboratory of Gran Sasso (LNGS), in Italy, aiming to make significant advances in the technology of single phase gas-only time projection chambers (TPC) for the application to the detection of rare scattering events. In particular it will focus on a read-out technique based on Micro Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) amplification of the ionization and on the visible light collection with a sub-mm position resolution sCMOS (scientific COMS) camera. This type of readout - in conjunction with a fast light detection - will allow on one hand to reconstruct 3D direction of the tracks, offering accurate sensitivity to the source directionality and, on the other hand, a high particle identification capability very useful to distinguish nuclear recoils.

Published
2018

6. Micro pattern gas detector optical readout for directional dark matter searches

Author

F. Rosatelli, T. N. Thorpe, Stefano Loreti, C. Voena, Massimo Angelone, I. Abritta, D. Pinci, Stefano Bianco, Sandro Tomassini, Andrea Messina, F. Bellini, E. Baracchini, E. Di Marco, M. Marafini, S. Fiore, Davide Piccolo, G. Maccarone, G. Cavoto, Luisa Benussi, Mario Pillon, F. Renga, G. Mazzitelli, Cavoto, G., Abritta, I., Baracchini, E., Angelone, M., Bellini, F., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Di Marco, E., Fiore, S., Loreti, S., Maccarone, G., Marafini, M., Mazzitelli, G., Messina, A., Piccolo, D., Pillon, M., Pinci, D., Renga, F., Rosatelli, F., Thorpe, T., Tomassini, S., and Voena, C.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Micro-pattern gas detectors, GEM, Dark matter, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Particle identification, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron source, Gas detector, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The Time Projection method is ideal to track low kinetic energy charged particles, in particular for the study for Dark Matter interactions. With this technique we aim to readout large volumes with a moderate number of channels providing a complete 3D reconstruction of the tracks within the sensitive region. The total released energy and the energy density along the tracks can be both measured allowing for particle identification and to solve the head–tail ambiguity of the track. Moreover, in gas, nuclear recoils induced by a Dark Matter particle scattering can yield tracks long enough for its direction to be inferred. We describe here a prototype TPC with a GEM amplification stage. The readout is based on the detection of the light produced in the GEM with a high granularity sCMOS sensor in conjunction with a photomultiplier. The prototype was exposed to γ and neutron source and to minimum ionizing particles, obtaining very promising results in terms of detection efficiency, energy resolution and particle identification.

Published
2020

7. 3-D tracking in a miniature time projection chamber

Author

J. Yamaoka, T. N. Thorpe, M. T. Hedges, M. Garcia-Sciveres, J. A. Kadyk, I. Jaegle, Ihn Sik Seong, Stephen J. Ross, and S. E. Vahsen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Optics, Weakly interacting massive particles, Gas electron multiplier, Neutron detection, Neutron source, Neutron, business, Instrumentation, Directional Recoil Identification from Tracks
Abstract

The three-dimensional (3-D) detection of millimeter-scale ionization trails is of interest for detecting nuclear recoils in directional fast neutron detectors and in direction-sensitive searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may constitute the Dark Matter of the universe. We report on performance characterization of a miniature gas target Time Projection Chamber (TPC) where the drift charge is avalanche-multiplied with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and detected with the ATLAS FE-I3 Pixel Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). We report on measurements of gain, gain resolution, point resolution, diffusion, angular resolution, and energy resolution with low-energy X-rays, cosmic rays, and alpha particles, using the gases Ar:CO2 (70:30) and He:CO2 (70:30) at atmospheric pressure. We discuss the implications for future, larger directional neutron and Dark Matter detectors. With an eye to designing and selecting components for these, we generalize our results into analytical expressions for detector performance whenever possible. We conclude by demonstrating the 3-D directional detection of a fast neutron source.

Published
2015

8. Readout technologies for directional WIMP Dark Matter detection

Author

J. A. Kadyk, T. N. Thorpe, A. Buonaura, H. Nishimura, Giuliana Galati, M. T. Hedges, Gabriela Druitt, Kentaro Miuchi, Ken'ichi Kuge, Hiroyuki Sekiya, M. Garcia-Sciveres, T. Hashimoto, L. Consiglio, H. Mirallas, Toru Tanimori, M. Tanaka, P. Monacelli, S. E. Vahsen, Javier Galan, Tetsuya Mizumoto, J. P. Lopez, T. Asada, G. De Lellis, A. Takada, I. G. Irastorza, O. Guillaudin, M. Ali Guler, M. Yoshimoto, A. B. Aleksandrov, Jerome Bouvier, T. Dafni, Maria Cristina Montesi, N. J. C. Spooner, F. Mayet, Philip Lewis, F.J. Iguaz, J. Lamblin, N. Di Marco, V. Gentile, T. Papevangelou, Ryosuke Taishaku, Adele Lauria, Natalia Guerrero, H. Tomita, Q. Riffard, J. P. Richer, Valeri Tioukov, S. Komura, Cosmin Deaconu, Y. Giomataris, Joseph D. Parker, Tatsuya Sawano, Daniel P. Snowden-Ifft, I. Jaegle, S. Cebrián, D. Loomba, Jocelyn Monroe, G. Bosson, Gianfranca De Rosa, A. Umemoto, E. Zayas, Taishi Katsuragawa, H. Kubo, Ihn Sik Seong, Nicola D'Ambrosio, Tatsuhiro Naka, P. Colas, J. Billard, F. Pupilli, E. R. Lee, Y. Mizumura, Koji Nakamura, O. Bourrion, Y. Yamaguchi, James Battat, D. Santos, E. Ferrer-Ribas, J. A. Garcia, Richard Eggleston, J. L. Harton, G. Luzón, M. Leyton, J. G. Garza, Atsuhiko Ochi, A. Di Crescenzo, K. Burdge, T. Descombes, A. Sugiyama, Takahiro Fusayasu, N. S. Phan, E. Baracchini, T. Ikeda, A. Takeda, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIMAC, Battat, J. B. R., Irastorza, I. G., Aleksandrov, A., Asada, T., Baracchini, E., Billard, J., Bosson, G., Bourrion, O., Bouvier, J., Buonaura, Annarita, Burdge, K., Cebrián, S., Colas, P., Consiglio, L., Dafni, T., D’Ambrosio, N., Deaconu, C., DE LELLIS, Giovanni, Descombes, T., DI CRESCENZO, Antonia, Di Marco, N., Druitt, G., Eggleston, R., Ferrer Ribas, E., Fusayasu, T., Galán, J., Galati, Giuliana, García, J. A., Garza, J. G., Gentile, V., Garcia Sciveres, M., Giomataris, Y., Guerrero, N., Guillaudin, O., Guler, A. M., Harton, J., Hashimoto, T., Hedges, M. T., Iguaz, F. J., Ikeda, T., Jaegle, I., Kadyk, J. A., Katsuragawa, T., Komura, S., Kubo, H., Kuge, K., Lamblin, J., Lauria, Adele, Lee, E. R., Lewis, P., Leyton, M., Loomba, D., Lopez, J. P., Luzón, G., Mayet, F., Mirallas, H., Miuchi, K., Mizumoto, T., Mizumura, Y., Monacelli, P., Monroe, J., Montesi, MARIA CRISTINA, Naka, T., Nakamura, K., Nishimura, H., Ochi, A., Papevangelou, T., Parker, J. D., Phan, N. S., Pupilli, F., Richer, J. P., Riffard, Q., Rosa, G., Santos, D., Sawano, T., Sekiya, H., Seong, I. S., Snowden Ifft, D. P., Spooner, N. J. C., Sugiyama, A., Taishaku, R., Takada, A., Takeda, A., Tanaka, M., Tanimori, T., Thorpe, T. N., Tioukov, V., Tomita, H., Umemoto, A., Vahsen, S. E., Yamaguchi, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Zayas, E., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Optics, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, High spatial resolution, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Signature (logic), 3. Good health, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The measurement of the direction of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils is a compelling but technologically challenging strategy to provide an unambiguous signature of the detection of Galactic dark matter. Most directional detectors aim to reconstruct the dark-matter-induced nuclear recoil tracks, either in gas or solid targets. The main challenge with directional detection is the need for high spatial resolution over large volumes, which puts strong requirements on the readout technologies. In this paper we review the various detector readout technologies used by directional detectors. In particular, we summarize the challenges, advantages and drawbacks of each approach, and discuss future prospects for these technologies., Comment: 58 pages, 26 figures, accepted by Physics Reports

Published
2016

9. The Directional Dark Matter Detector (D3)

Author

Stephen J. Ross, M. Garcia-Sciveres, J. A. Kadyk, I. Jaegle, Y. Nguyen, T. N. Thorpe, J. Yamaoka, H. Feng, M. D. Rosen, and S. E. Vahsen

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, WIMP, Space and Planetary Science, Dark matter, Detector, General Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Projection (set theory)
Abstract

Gas-filled Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and pixels appear suitable for direction-sensitive WIMP dark matter searches. We present the background and motivation for our work on this technology, past and ongoing prototype work, and a development path towards an affordable, 1-m 3 -scale directional dark matter detector, D 3 . Such a detector may be particularly suitable for low-mass WIMP searches, and perhaps sufficiently sensitive to clearly determine whether the signals seen by DAMA, CoGeNT, and CRESST-II are due to low-mass WIMPs or background.

Published
2012

10. Charge-Focusing Readout of Time Projection Chambers

Author

I. Jaegle, J. Yamaoka, M. T. Hedges, T. N. Thorpe, S.J. Ross, M. D. Rosen, S. E. Vahsen, and Ihn Sik Seong

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Time projection chamber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Special nuclear material, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Nuclear electronics, Electronics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), business, Projection (set theory), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Time projection chambers (TPCs) have found a wide range of applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, and homeland security. For TPCs with high-resolution readout, the readout electronics often dominate the price of the final detector. We have developed a novel method which could be used to build large-scale detectors while limiting the necessary readout area. By focusing the drift charge with static electric fields, we would allow a small area of electronics to be sensitive to particle detection for a much larger detector volume. The resulting cost reduction could be important in areas of research which demand large-scale detectors, including dark matter searches and detection of special nuclear material. We present simulations made using the software package Garfield of a focusing structure to be used with a prototype TPC with pixel readout. This design should enable significant focusing while retaining directional sensitivity to incoming particles. We also present first experimental results and compare them with simulation., Comment: 5 pages, 17 figures, Presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium 2012

Published
2013
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