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The problem of dynamic stress concentration in anti-plane motion of a single circular cavity in a serrated boundary strip medium is studied. Firstly, the scattering of SH wave by a circular cavity ...

In this paper, the problem of dynamic stress concentration in the process of anti-plane motion caused by a single circular cavity in a strip medium and the non-circular cavity in a porous strip med...

In a practical 4- $\lambda $ coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) system, different wavelength channels achieve different transmission performances due to 1) inter-channel component differences and 2) chromatic dispersion (CD) – chirp interaction. Large channel performance discrepancies could significantly degrade the average pre- forward error correction (pre-FEC) bit error rate (BER) performance of the system. To improve the system’s robustness against channel performance discrepancies, we propose to employ a symbol-level wavelength-interleaver in conjunction with four-dimensional - 4-level pulse amplitude modulation - trellis coded modulation (4D-PAM4-TCM). We experimentally compare the performances of the proposed wavelength-interleaved 4D-PAM4-TCM system and a conventional 4D-PAM4-TCM system in a 4- $\lambda \,\,\times100$ Gb/s CWDM IM/DD link over 0–20 km. We observe that the wavelength-interleaved 4D-PAM4-TCM system outperforms the conventional 4D-PAM4-TCM system in terms of receiver sensitivity required at the KP4 FEC threshold when sizable channel performance discrepancies exist in such systems.

The scattering of SH guided wave by a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric material strip is analyzed by using “mirror image method” and guided wave theory, and the analytical expressions o...

Acoustic scattering problems have been main topics in the acoustic community. Most previous work assumed that no-slip on the surface of the solid. Nowadays, more and more studies have shown the existence of boundary slip and its impact on acoustics properties. In this paper, acoustic scattering from a rigid cylinder with boundary slip on surface is carried out by the force correction-based IB-LBM. The boundary slip on acoustic scattering from the rigid cylinder is investigated under the condition of different wave numbers. Numerical result shows that: Different wave numbers affect the energy distribution of sound pressure, and different slip lengths shift the phase and the amplitude of the waveform.

We present a silicon photonic dual parallel multielectrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (MEMZM) based transmitter targeting 200 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) short reach transceivers. The MEMZMs have an average V π and electro-optic (EO) bandwidth of 5 V and 38 GHz, respectively. The transmitter is characterized versus receiver equalizer taps, received signal power, driving voltage swing, crosstalk voltage swing, bitrate, and reach. Results reveal that using only a three-tap equalizer at the receiver, 100 Gb/s PAM4 net rate per lane can be achieved at a bit error rate (BER) below the KP4 forward error correction (KP4-FEC) threshold of 2.4 × 10 -4 . Moreover, up to 128 Gb/s can be received at a BER below the KP4-FEC threshold using only 2 Vpp and 1 Vpp driving the MEMZM segments. Then, both MEMZMs are driven simultaneously to assess the crosstalk impact on the BER performance at parallel operation. Driven by four binary signals, we demonstrate 200 Gb/s PAM4 transmission over up to 10 km of single mode fiber at a BER below the KP4-FEC threshold.

The canonical acoustic dark energy model (cADE), which is based on a scalar field with a canonical kinetic term that rapidly converts potential to kinetic energy around matter radiation equality, alleviates the Hubble tension found in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$. We show that it successfully passes new consistency tests in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) damping tail provided by the ACT data, while being increasingly constrained and distinguished from alternate mechanisms by the improved CMB acoustic polarization data from $Planck$. The best fit cADE model to a suite of cosmological observations, including the SH0ES ${H}_{0}$ measurement, has ${H}_{0}=70.25$ compared with $68.23\text{ }\text{ }(\mathrm{km}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ and a finite cADE component is preferred at the $2.8\ensuremath{\sigma}$ level. The ability to raise ${H}_{0}$ is now mainly constrained by the improved $Planck$ acoustic polarization data, which also plays a crucial role in distinguishing cADE from the wider class of early dark energy models. Atacama Cosmology Telescope and $Planck$ TE polarization data are currently mildly discrepant in normalization and drive correspondingly different preferences in parameters. Improved constraints on intermediate scale polarization approaching the cosmic variance limit will be an incisive test of the acoustic dynamics of these models and their alternatives.

The traditional theta modulator encodes input information by superimposing Ronchi sub-gratings, which is extremely easy to cause spatial channel overlap that results in bands mixing. In this case, we present an all-dielectric theta modulation meta-surface with a new encoding method, which separates red, green, blue, and achromatic spatial channels on the focal plane. The meta-surface ensures that the positions of focal points are relatively consistent while focusing energy into the sub-wavelength regions. Our study offers a way to facilitate device miniaturization and system integration, which may have an important application in compact multispectral photography only with one detector.

We have developed and analysed logic NOR, NAND and XNOR gates based on two dimensional (2D) photonic crystals at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. The interference and self-collimation effects are used to design logic gates, which control the output by adjusting the phase difference to achieve constructive or destructive interference. The splitter is a line defect of the photonic crystal with a row of periodically arranged air rods. The radius of the defect rods depends on the function of the logic element. The use of these logic gates can reduce the size of logic devices.

For the purpose of revealing the dynamic properties of elliptical inclusion in the half-space, solving the problem of scattered SH-wave, the method of ‘conformal mapping’ is used to map an elliptic...

We study the cosmological propagation of gravitational waves (GWs) beyond general relativity (GR) across homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. We consider scenarios in which GWs interact with an additional tensor field and use a parametrized phenomenological approach that generically describes their coupled equations of motion. We analyze four distinct classes of derivative and non-derivative interactions: mass, friction, velocity, and chiral. We apply the WKB formalism to account for the cosmological evolution and obtain analytical solutions to these equations. We corroborate these results by analyzing numerically the propagation of a toy GW signal. We then proceed to use the analytical results to study the modified propagation of realistic GWs from merging compact binaries, assuming that the GW signal emitted is the same as in GR. We generically find that tensor interactions lead to copies of the originally emitted GW signal, each one with its own possibly modified dispersion relation. These copies can travel coherently and interfere with each other leading to a scrambled GW signal, or propagate decoherently and lead to echoes arriving at different times at the observer that could be misidentified as independent GW events. Depending on the type of tensor interaction, the detected GW signal may exhibit amplitude and phase distortions with respect to a GW waveform in GR, as well as birefringence effects. We discuss observational probes of these tensor interactions with both individual GW events, as well as population studies for both ground- and space-based detectors., Updated to journal version

This paper proposes a kind of displaced thermal states (DTS) and explores how this kind of optical field emerges using the entangled state representation. The results show that the DTS can be generated by a coherent state passing through a diffusion channel with the diffusion coefficient ϰ only when there exists $\varkappa t = \left (e^{\hbar \nu /k_{B}T} - 1 \right )^{-1}$ . Also, its statistical properties, such as mean photon number, Wigner function and entropy, are investigated.

A low-complexity one-step digital back-propagation (DBP) scheme is proposed to mitigate intrachannel and interchannel fiber nonlinearities in high-capacity single span transmissions. Compared with conventional coherent receivers, the only additional calculation is a low-complexity nonlinear phase noise compensation stage operated between bulk chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation and adaptive equalizer. The required number of real additions and multiplications per sample are only (6N + 2) and (2N + 6), respectively, where N is the number of compensated wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) channels. With the proposed one-step DBP, we demonstrate that the nonlinear noise can be suppressed by >60% in single channel experiments and >40% in seven-channel WDM simulations.

Directly from the second order differential equations of satellite motion, the linearized orbital perturbation differential equations for CHAMP-like satellites are derived after introducing the reference orbit, and then introducing the omitted terms into the linearized orbital perturbation differential equations, the orbital perturbation differential equations with nonlinear corrections are derived. The accuracies for the orbital perturbation differential equations are estimated and the following results are obtained: if the measurement errors of the satellite positions and the non-gravitational accelerations are less than 3 cm and 3 × 10−10 m·s−2 respectively, the linearized orbital perturbation differential equations and the equations with nonlinear corrections can hold the accuracies 3 × 10−10 m·s−2 only when ρ ≤ 4.7 m and ρ ≤ 4.14 × 103 m respectively, where ρ is the distance between the satellite orbit and the reference one. Hence, compared with the linearized orbital perturbation differential equations, the equations with nonlinear corrections are suitable to establish normal system of equations of the gravity field's spherical harmonic coefficients in long time span. The solving method for the orbital perturbation differential equations is also given with the help of the superposition principle in the paper. At last, some imitation examples for CHAMP and GRACE missions are computed, and the results illustrate that the orbital perturbation differential equations with nonlinear corrections have higher accuracies than the linearized ones.

With the aid of the Green's function method and complex function method, the scattering problem of SH-wave by a cylindrical inclusion and a semi-cylindrical hollow in the bi-material half space is considered to obtain the steady state response. Firstly, by the means of the image method, the essential solution of displacement field as well as Green's function is constructed which satisfies the stress free on the horizontal boundary in a right-angle space including a cylindrical inclusion and a semi-cylindrical hollow and bearing a harmonic out-plane line source force at any point on the vertical boundary. Secondly, the bi-material half space is divided into two parts along the vertical interface, and the first kind of Fredholm integral equations containing undetermined anti-plane forces at the linking section is established by “the conjunction method” and “the crack-division method”, the integral equations are reduced to the algebraic equations consisting of finite items by effective truncation. Finally, dynamic stress concentration factor around the edge of cylindrical inclusion and dynamic stress intensity factor at crack tip are calculated, and the influences of effect of interface and different combination of material parameters, etc. on dynamic stress concentration factor and dynamic stress intensity factor are discussed.

We present a novel CSPR controllable silicon photonic transmitter circuit based on a tunable power splitter for VSB self-coherent transmissions. 112 Gb/s 16 QAM over 80 km at a BER below 3.8×10−3 has been achieved.

We discuss the difference between various gauge-invariant quantities typically used in single-field inflation, namely synchronous ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{s}$, comoving ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{c}$, and unitary ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}$ curvatures. We show that conservation of ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{c}$ outside the horizon is quite restrictive on models as it leads to conservation of ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{s}$ and ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}$, whereas the reverse does not hold. We illustrate the consequence of these differences with two inflationary models: ultra-slow-roll (USR) and braiding-ultra-slow-roll (BUSR). In USR, we show that out of the three curvatures, only ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{s}$ is conserved outside the horizon, and we connect this result to the concepts of a separate universe and the usage of the $\ensuremath{\delta}N$ formalism. We find that even though ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{s}$ is conserved, there is still a mild violation of the separate universe approximation in the continuity equation. Nevertheless, the $\ensuremath{\delta}N$ formalism can still be applied to calculate the primordial power spectrum of some gauge-invariant quantities such as ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}$, although it breaks down for others such as the uniform-density curvature. In BUSR, we show that both ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}$ and ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{s}$ are conserved outside the horizon, but take different values. Additionally, since ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}\ensuremath{\ne}{\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{c}$, we find that the prediction for observable curvature fluctuations after inflation does not reflect ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{c}$ at the horizon crossing during inflation and moreover involves not just ${\ensuremath{\zeta}}_{u}$ at that epoch but also the manner in which the braiding phase ends.

We discuss the phenomenological imprints of modifications to gravity in the early universe with a specific focus on the time of recombination. We derive several interesting results regarding the effect that such modifications have on cosmological observables, especially on the driving and phasing of acoustic oscillations, observed in the CMB and BAO, as well as the weak gravitational lensing of the CMB and of galaxy shapes. This widens the pool of measurements that can be used to test gravity with present and future surveys, in particular realizing the full constraining power of the structure of the primary peaks of the CMB spectrum. We investigate whether such a phenomenology can relax tensions between cosmological measurements and find that a modification of the gravitational constant at recombination would help in reconciling measurements of the CMB with local measurements of the Hubble constant., 22 pages, 21 figures

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can measure the phase with antenna and microwave, which cannot be directly extended to visible light imaging due to phase lost. In this letter, we reported an active remote sensing with visible light via reflective Fourier ptychography (FP), termed coherent synthetic aperture imaging (CSAI), achieving high resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV) and phase recovery. A proof-of-concept experiment was reported with laser scanning and a collimator for the infinite object. Both smooth and rough objects are tested, and the spatial resolution increased from 15.6 um to 3.48 um with a factor of 4.5. The speckle noise can be suppressed by FP unexpectedly. Meanwhile, the CSAI method may replace the adaptive optics to tackle the aberration induced from atmospheric turbulence and optical system by one-step deconvolution., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

By employing atomistic simulations based on an empirical potential model and a self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method, the collision dynamics process of an energetic carbon ion impinging on the Stone-Wales defect in a single-walled carbon nanotube was investigated. The outwardly and inwardly displacement threshold energies for the primary knock-on atom in the Stone-Wales defect were calculated to be 24.0 and 25.0 eV, respectively. The final defect configuration for each case was a 5-1DB-T(DB=dangling bond) defect formed in the front surface of the nanotube. Moreover, the minimum incident energy of the projectile prompting the primary knock-on atom displacement was predicted to be 71.0 eV, and the time evolutions of the kinetic and potential energies of the projectile and the primary knock-on atom were both plotted to analyze the energy transfer process.

In this note we briefly review the main results of our recent study of the formation of misaligned accretion disks after the tidal disruption of stars by rotating supermassive black holes. Since the accretion rates in such disks initially exceed the Eddington limit they are initially advection dominated. Assuming the α model for the disk viscosity implies that the disk can become thermally unstable when the accretion rate is comparable to, or smaller than, the Eddington value, while still being radiation pressure dominated. It then undergoes cyclic transitions between high and low states. During these transitions the aspect ratio varies from ~1 to ~10−3, which is reflected in changes in the degree of disk misalignment at the stream impact location. For maximal black hole rotation and sufiociently large values of the viscosity parameter, α ≳ 0.01–0.1, the ratio of the disk inclination to that of the initial stellar orbit is estimated to be 0.1–0.2 in the advection dominated state, while reaching order unity in the low state. Misalignment decreases with decrease of α, but increases as the black hole rotation parameter decreases. Thus, it is always significant when the latter is small.

In this work, we provide both numerical and experimental investigations of equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) in Stokes-vector direct detection (SV-DD) systems. We show that the influence of EEPN cannot be neglected in high symbol rate SV-DD systems after transmission over several hundred kilometers of fibers when electronic chromatic dispersion compensation and lasers with linewidths of the order of Megahertz are employed. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the dependence of EEPN effects on laser linewidth, transmission distance, and symbol rate. Experiments are then conducted in a 56-Gbaud 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) SV-DD system to demonstrate the EEPN-induced performance degradation after 320-km transmission over standard single mode fiber (SSMF).

We study the three-dimensional evolution of a viscous protoplanetary disc which is perturbed by a passing star on a parabolic orbit. The aim is to test whether a single stellar flyby is capable to excite significant disc inclinations which would favour the formation of so-called misaligned planets. We use smoothed particle hydrodynamics to study inclination, disc mass and angular momentum changes of the disc for passing stars with different masses. We explore different orbital configurations for the perturber's orbit to find the parameter spaces which allow significant disc inclination generation. Prograde inclined parabolic orbits are most destructive leading to significant disc mass and angular momentum loss. In the remaining disc, the final disc inclination is only below $20^\circ$. This is due to the removal of disc particles which have experienced the strongest perturbing effects. Retrograde inclined parabolic orbits are less destructive and can generate disc inclinations up to $60^\circ$. The final disc orientation is determined by the precession of the disc angular momentum vector about the perturber's orbital angular momentum vector and by disc orbital inclination changes. We propose a sequence of stellar flybys for the generation of misalignment angles above $60^\circ$. The results taken together show that stellar flybys are promising and realistic for the explanation of misaligned Hot Jupiters with misalignment angles up to 60\degr., 15 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

We propose and demonstrate the asymmetric direct detection (ADD) of polarization division multiplexed single-sideband (PDM-SSB) signals with orthogonal offset carriers. ADD exploits the photocurrent difference to eliminate the Y-Pol interference in the X-Pol, and the X-Pol signal intensity to eliminate the X-Pol interference in the Y-Pol without resorting to iterative algorithms. This enables not only low-complexity signal linearization but also a simplified receiver front-end composed of a single optical filter, two single-ended photodiodes and two analog-to-digital converters (ADC). In the experiment, we first perform a parametric study of the proposed scheme at 40 Gbaud in the back-to-back configuration (B2B) to evaluate the performance impact of different system parameters including the carrier to signal power ratio (CSPR), the matched filter roll-off, and the filter guard band. Next, we demonstrate the transmission of 416 Gbit/s PDM 16-QAM signal over 80 km single-mode fiber (SMF) below the soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold of 2×10−2. We also numerically study the effectiveness of a 2×2 multiple-input-multiple-output MIMO equalizer in alleviating the inter-polarization linear crosstalk resulting from the non-orthogonal PDM-SSB signals due to polarization-dependent loss (PDL), which is not negligible for potential on-chip implementation of ADD.

We recently reported for the first time 200 Gbit/s/ $\lambda$ net rate data transmission with a single silicon photonic modulator in an intensity modulation direct detection link. Our demonstration relied on an in-house designed, O-band segmented-electrode MZM. In this article, we detail the optimization of the modulator driving scheme, bandwidth/efficiency trade-off and modulation format enabling this result. We use two single-ended RF signals, each having 2.3-Vpp amplitude only, to drive two 1.5-mm modulator segments and transmit data at 80 Gbaud PAM-8 (240 Gbit/s) across 2 km under the 20% soft-decision forward error correction BER threshold of 2E-02. We further decrease the BER using maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), and discuss the related implications. Additionally, we present the system margins regarding modulator drive voltage, received optical power and equalizer taps. At 240 Gbit/s line rate, the modulator energy consumption is only 73 fJ/bit at the SD-FEC threshold. We finally discuss practical implementation considerations for our system.

We propose to introduce a controlled amount of inter-symbol interference (ISI) during pulse shaping in a high symbol rate intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) system to increase the alternating current (AC) power of the received electrical signal after photo-detection and transimpedance amplification. We experimentally demonstrate high-speed 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) transmissions with a 4-λ coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) using the proposed scheme. The intentionally introduced ISI is mitigated using either transmitter-side Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) or receiver-side feed forward equalization (FFE) aided with a 2-tap post filter and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). Both methods enable 4 × 81 Gbaud PAM4 transmission over 2 km of single mode fiber (SMF), with a bit error rate (BER) below the 7% overhead hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3, which corresponds to a net rate of >600 Gb/s. We also explore the limit of our system at 10 km. The result shows that an aggregated net rate of 600 Gb/s excluding the HD-FEC overhead can still be achieved by loading different symbol rates onto different wavelength channels.

Quantum metrology is to estimate accurately the value of an unknown parameter with the assistance of the quantum effects, in order to break through the standard quantum limit, even reach the Heisenberg limit. In this work, we study the performance of a general photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state that is taken as a detection state of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Based on quantum Fisher information, within the constraint on the total mean photon number, symmetric and asymmetric photon addition cannot improve the ultimate phase sensitivity. However, for a given initial squeezing parameter, on this occasion, the symmetric and asymmetric photon addition can improve the ultimate phase sensitivity. Compared with the asymmetric photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the symmetric one can well improve the ultimate phase sensitivity. This may be because it is always better to implement the symmetric photon addition rather than the asymmetric one in order to increase the mean photon number of the resulting state. On the other hand, via parity detection, the symmetric and asymmetric photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state can indeed improve the phase sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for a given initial squeezing parameter. Based on the parity detection, within a constraint on the mean photon number, although the two-mode squeezed vacuum state can give the better phase sensitivity at the optimal phase shift (φ = 0), the phase sensitivity offered by the symmetric and asymmetric photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum states are both more stable around φ = 0 than by the two-mode squeezed vacuum state. In addition, we show that for the symmetric photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state, parity detection is an optimal detection only when the optimal phase shift approaches to zero. When the phase shift slightly deviates from zero, the parity detection is not an optimal detection scheme. Finally, for all values of the phase shift, our results also clearly show that the parity detection is not an optimal detection scheme for the asymmetric photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state serving as an interferometer state.

We experimentally demonstrate a single wavelength 112 Gb/s IM/DD transmission system using constellation switching PAM4. Significant improvement is observed with respect to the conventional PAM4 system at the KP4 FEC threshold.

We use a Stokes vector receiver to demonstrate polarization multiplexing Kramers Kronig detection signals. The impact of several parameters is discussed. 480-Gb/s capacity is achieved for 80 km of standard single mode fiber transmission.

We investigate the chirp characteristics of the two PAM4 generation methods based on dual-drive MZM. Prominent difference in transmission performance between the two methods is experimentally shown for 112Gb/s PAM4 signals when chromatic dispersion exists.

We demonstrate a VSB-IM/DD system using silicon photonic modulator. 25 GBaud 16 QAM over 80 km at a BER below 3.8×10−3 is achieved with either KK detection or our nonlinear equalization based SSBI mitigation method.

The performance of Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) superchannel, using 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), is severely degraded due to the existence of inter-channel interference and full-response equalization-enhanced in-band noise. Here, we propose a joint digital signal processing (DSP) technique incorporating digital spectral shaping and maximum likelihood sequence detection for 16QAM Nyquist WDM superchannel with a symbol rate of 28 GBd. Compared with traditional joint DSP, we can obtain 1.8-dB required-OSNR improvement at a bit error rate of $10^{\mathrm {\mathbf {-3}}}$ for back-to-back measurement. In addition, 0.9-dB peak $Q$ -factor improvement is also secured after 960-km standard single mode fiber transmission. Furthermore, using the proposed joint DSP technique, linewidth tolerance is relaxed from 80 to 230 kHz given 1-dB required-OSNR penalty. Meanwhile, reduction of block-size for carrier phase recovery is also secured, taking 100-kHz linewidth into account.

A novel ultra-thin refract-reflect projection display system was designed to meet the severe requirements of imaging lens in large screen projection display for ultra-short focal length, larger field of view, ultra-thin, larger relative aperture and higher resolution. A 0.65 inch (16.51 cm) Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) produced by TI Inc. was employed as the spatial light modulator and an aspheric mirror was used to correct distortion and shorten projection distance. Furthermore, a fold mirror was also taken to turn back the optical path to achieve ultra-thin projection display. The system is consisted of five lenses and an aspheric mirror, of which the focal length is 2.8 mm, the F-number is 3.5 and the minimum and the maximum field angles are 55 and 78.5, respectively. When the projection distance is set to be 120 mm, the screen size can be 65.2 inch (165.6 cm). With the design, it shows that the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of over 95% field of view of the system is higher than 0.6 at the Nyquist frequency of the image plane. The maximum distortion is 0.8TV%, and 90% geometric encircled energy in the point target is focused in one pixel. To verify the performance of the ultra-thin refract-reflect projecting lens, a principle prototype was fabricated and assembled. The experimental results show that the system has excellent display performance, and meets the design requirements of ultra-thin, low cost and small-scale mass production.