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Full list of authors: Bonoli, S.; Marín-Franch, A.; Varela, J.; Vázquez Ramió, H.; Abramo, L. R.; Cenarro, A. J.; Dupke, R. A.; Vílchez, J. M.; Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.; González Delgado, R. M.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; López-Sanjuan, C.; Muniesa, D. J.; Civera, T.; Ederoclite, A.; Hernán-Caballero, A.; Marra, V.; Baqui, P. O.; Cortesi, A.; Cypriano, E. S.; Daflon, S.; de Amorim, A. L.; Díaz-García, L. A.; Diego, J. M.; Martínez-Solaeche, G.; Pérez, E.; Placco, V. M.; Prada, F.; Queiroz, C.; Alcaniz, J.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Cepa, J.; Maroto, A. L.; Roig, F.; Siffert, B. B.; Taylor, K.; Benitez, N.; Moles, M.; Sodré, L.; Carneiro, S.; Mendes de Oliveira, C.; Abdalla, E.; Angulo, R. E.; Aparicio Resco, M.; Balaguera-Antolínez, A.; Ballesteros, F. J.; Brito-Silva, D.; Broadhurst, T.; Carrasco, E. R.; Castro, T.; Cid Fernandes, R.; Coelho, P.; de Melo, R. B.; Doubrawa, L.; Fernandez-Soto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Finoguenov, A.; García-Benito, R.; Iglesias-Páramo, J.; Jiménez-Teja, Y.; Kitaura, F. S.; Laur, J.; Lopes, P. A. A.; Lucatelli, G.; Martínez, V. J.; Maturi, M.; Overzier, R. A.; Pigozzo, C.; Quartin, M.; Rodríguez-Martín, J. E.; Salzano, V.; Tamm, A.; Tempel, E.; Umetsu, K.; Valdivielso, L. ; von Marttens, R.; Zitrin, A.; Díaz-Martín, M. C.; López-Alegre, G.; López-Sainz, A.; Yanes-Díaz, A.; Rueda-Teruel, F.; Rueda-Teruel, S.; Abril Ibañez, J.; L Antón Bravo, J.; Bello Ferrer, R.; Bielsa, S.; Casino, J. M.; Castillo, J.; Chueca, S.; Cuesta, L.; Garzarán Calderaro, J.; Iglesias-Marzoa, R.; Íniguez, C.; Lamadrid Gutierrez, J. L.; Lopez-Martinez, F.; Lozano-Pérez, D.; Maícas Sacristán, N.; Molina-Ibáñez, E. L.; Moreno-Signes, A.; Rodríguez Llano, S.; Royo Navarro, M.; Tilve Rua, V.; Andrade, U.; Alfaro, E. J.; Akras, S.; Arnalte-Mur, P.; Ascaso, B.; Barbosa, C. E.; Beltrán Jiménez, J.; Benetti, M.; Bengaly, C. A. P.; Bernui, A.; Blanco-Pillado, J. J.; Borges Fernandes, M.; Bregman, J. N.; Bruzual, G.; Calderone, G.; Carvano, J. M.; Casarini, L.; Chaves-Montero, J.; Chies-Santos, A. L.; Coutinho de Carvalho, G.; Dimauro, P.; Duarte Puertas, S.; Figueruelo, D.; González-Serrano, J. I.; Guerrero, M. A.; Gurung-López, S.; Herranz, D.; Huertas-Company, M.; Irwin, J. A.; Izquierdo-Villalba, D.; Kanaan, A.; Kehrig, C.; Kirkpatrick, C. C.; Lim, J.; Lopes, A. R.; Lopes de Oliveira, R.; Marcos-Caballero, A.; Martínez-Delgado, D.; Martínez-González, E.; Martínez-Somonte, G.; Oliveira, N.; Orsi, A. A.; Penna-Lima, M.; Reis, R. R. R.; Spinoso, D.; Tsujikawa, S.; Vielva, P.; Vitorelli, A. Z.; Xia, J. Q.; Yuan, H. B.; Arroyo-Polonio, A.; Dantas, M. L. L.; Galarza, C. A.; Gonçalves, D. R.; Gonçalves, R. S.; Gonzalez, J. E.; Gonzalez, A. H.; Greisel, N.; Jiménez-Esteban, F.; Landim, R. G.; Lazzaro, D.; Magris, G.; Monteiro-Oliveira, R.; Pereira, C. B.; Rebouças, M. J.; Rodriguez-Espinosa, J. M.; Santos da Costa, S.; Telles, E., The Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) will scan thousands of square degrees of the northern sky with a unique set of 56 filters using the dedicated 2:55m Javalambre Survey Telescope (JST) at the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory. Prior to the installation of the main camera (4:2 deg2 field-of-view with 1.2 Gpixels), the JST was equipped with the JPAS-Pathfinder, a one CCD camera with a 0:3 deg2 field-of-view and plate scale of 0.23 arcsec pixel?1. To demonstrate the scientific potential of J-PAS, the JPAS-Pathfinder camera was used to perform miniJPAS, a _1 deg2 survey of the AEGIS field (along the Extended Groth Strip). The field was observed with the 56 J-PAS filters, which include 54 narrow band (FWHM _ 145 ) and two broader filters extending to the UV and the near-infrared, complemented by the u; g; r; i SDSS broad band filters. In this miniJPAS survey overview paper, we present the miniJPAS data set (images and catalogs), as we highlight key aspects and applications of these unique spectro-photometric data and describe how to access the public data products. The data parameters reach depths of magAB ' 22?23:5 in the 54 narrow band filters and up to 24 in the broader filters (5_ in a 300 aperture). The miniJPAS primary catalog contains more than 64 000 sources detected in the r band and with matched photometry in all other bands. This catalog is 99% complete at r = 23:6 (r = 22:7) mag for point-like (extended) sources. We show that our photometric redshifts have an accuracy better than 1% for all sources up to r = 22:5, and a precision of _0:3% for a subset consisting of about half of the sample. On this basis, we outline several scientific applications of our data, including the study of spatially-resolved stellar populations of nearby galaxies, the analysis of the large scale structure up to z _ 0:9, and the detection of large numbers of clusters and groups. Sub-percent redshift precision can also be reached for quasars, allowing for the study of the large-scale structure to be pushed to z 2. The miniJPAS survey demonstrates the capability of the J-PAS filter system to accurately characterize a broad variety of sources and paves the way for the upcoming arrival of J-PAS, which will multiply this data by three orders of magnitude. © 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved., Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragon Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grant PGC2018-097585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). This work has made used of CEFCA's Scientific High Performance Computing system which has been funded by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO-FEDER, grant AYA2012-30789). Funding for the J-PAS project has been provided also by the Brazilian agencies FINEP, FAPESP, FAPERJ and by the National Observatory of Brazil. Additional funding was also provided by the Tartu Observatory and by the Chinese Consortium from the Academy of Sciences SB acknowledges partial support from the project PGC2018-097585-B-C22. R.A.D. acknowledges support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico -CNPq through BP grant 308105/2018-4, and the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos -FINEP grants REF. 1217/13 -01.13.0279.00 and REF 0859/10 -01.10.0663.00 and also FAPERJ PRONEX grant E-26/110.566/2010 for hardware funding support for the J-PAS project through the National Observatory of Brazil and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas. LRA acknowledges financial support from CNPq (306696/2018-5) and FAPESP (2015/17199-0). VMthanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support and the H2020 project No 888258. L.A.D.G. and K.U. acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant MOST 106-2628-M-001-003-MY3) and from the Academia Sinica (grant AS-IA-107-M01). J.M.D. and D.H acknowledge the support of project PGC2018-101814-B-100. MQ thanks CNPq (Brazil) and FAPERJ (Brazil) for financial support. PC acknowledges financial support from FAPESP (2018/05392-8) and CNPq (310041/2018-0). AAC acknowledges support from FAPERJ (E26/203.186/2016), CNPq (304971/2016-2 and 401669/2016-5), and the Universidad de Alicante (contract UATALENTO1802). C.Q. acknowledges support from FAPESP (2015/11442-0 and 2019/067661). V.M.P. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by AURA under a cooperative agreement with the NSF. P.B acknowledges support from CAPES -Finance Code 001. IAA researchers acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). Authors acknowledge support from the Generalitat Valenciana project of excellence Prometeo/2020/085. RGD, GMS, JRM, RGB, EP acknowledge financial support from the project AyA2016-77846-P. TC is supported by the INFN INDARK PD51 and PRIN-MIUR 2015W7KAWC. MAR and ALM acknowledge support from the MINECO project FIS2016-78859P(AEI/FEDER, UE). ET, AT and JL acknowledge the support by ETAg grants IUT40-2 and by EU through the ERDF CoE grant TK133 and MOBTP86. CK, JMV, JIP acknowledge financial support from project AYA2016-79724C4-4P. PAAL thanks the support of CNPq (309398/2018-5). LC thanks CNPq for partial support. Y.J-T acknowledges financial support from the FAPERJ (E26/202.835/2016), and from the Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 898633. DMD acknowledges financial support from the SFB 881 of the DFG and from the MINECO grant AYA2016-81065-C2-2. FP acknowledges support of the project PGC2018-101931-B-I00. JC acknowledges support of the project E AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, and co-financed by the FEDER. JIGs acknowledges support of projects of reference AYA2017-88007-C3-3-P, and PGC2018-099705-B-I00 and co-financed by the FEDER. EMG and PV would like to acknowledge financial support from the project ESP2017-83921C2-1-R. GMS acknowleges financial support from a predoctoral contract, ref. PRE2018-085523 (MCIU/AEI/FSE, UE). S.C. is partially supported by CNPq. R.G.L. acknowledges CAPES (process 88881.162206/2017-01) and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the financial support. JSA acknowledges support from FAPERJ (E26/203.024/2017), CNP (310790/2014-0 and 400471/2014-0) and FINEP (1217/13 -01.13.0279.00 and Ref. 0859/10 -01.10.0663.00). RvM acknowledges support from CNPq. AFS, PAM, VJM and FJB acknowledge support from project AYA2016-81065-C2-2. PAM acknowledges support from the "Subprograma Atraccio de Talent -Contractes Postdoctorals de la Universitat de Valencia". ESC acknowledges support from CNPq (308539/20184) and FAPESP (2019/19687-2). CMdO acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 312333/2014-5) and FAPESP (grant 2009/54202-8). LSJ acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 304819/2017-4) and FAPESP (grant 2012/008004). JMC acknowledges support from CNPq (grant 310727/2016-2). C.H.-M. and N. Greisel also acknowledge the support of the European Union via the Career Integration Grant CIG-PCIG9-GA-2011-294183. JJBP and AMC would like to acknowledge the support from the grant PGC2018-094626-B-C21 and the Basque Government grant IT-979-16. AMC acknowledges the postdoctoral contract from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU "Especializacioon de personal investigador doctor" program. MLLD acknowledges CAPES -Finance Code 001; and CNPq (142294/2018-7). GB acknowledges financial support from the UNAM through grant DGAPA/PAPIIT IG100319, from CONACyT through grant CB2015-252364, and from FAPESP projects 2017/02375-2 and 2018/05392-8. M.J. Reboucas acknowledges the support of FAPERJ under a CNE E-26/202.864/2017 grant, and CNPq. Support by CNPq (305409/2016-6) and FAPERJ (E-26/202.841/2017) is acknowledged by DL. AB acknowledges a CNPq fellowship. C.A.G.acknowledges support from CAPES. EA acknowledges support from FAPESP (2011/18729-1). AC acknowledges support from PNPD/CAPES. ABA and FSK acknowledge the Severo Ochoa program SEV-2015-0548. FSK also thanks the AYA2017-89891-P and the RYC2015-18693 grants. DF acknowledges support from the Atraccion del Talento Cientifico en Salamanca programme and the project PGC2018-096038B-I00.

Determining the response to the forces applied to an elastic solid containing an ideal fluid with constant density is essential in the engineering and biomedical fields. Therefore this paper aims to present and analyze a mixed finite element method for an interaction problem solid-fluid that contributes to understanding these areas. It is assumed transmission conditions are maintained at the fluid boundary and are given by the balance of forces and the equality of normal displacements. The mixed variational formulation that avoids the locking phenomenon, for the coupled problem is in terms of displacement, stress tensor, and rotation in the solid and by pressure and scalar potential in the fluid, the main contribution of this work. The first transmission condition is imposed in the definition of the space and the rest of the conditions appear naturally, which means Lagrange multipliers are not needed at the coupling border. The unknowns for the fluid and the solid are approximated by finite element subspaces of Lagrange and Arnold-Falk-Winther of order 1, which lead to a Galerkin scheme for the continuous problem. Also, the resulting Galerkin scheme is convergent and derives optimal convergence rates. Finally, the model is illustrated using a numerical example.

We investigate the variations in the transit parameters of WASP-3 over a period of time spanning more than 3 yr. Most of the works published about this planetary system after its discovery concentrate on variations in transit time analysis, whereas long-term variations in transit duration (TDV) have not been explored yet. Apart from providing complementary information on the geometrical configuration of the system, the investigation of TDV can also provide indirect evidence of the presence of additional planets. We find evidence of long-term TDV with an amplitude of 4–5 min. The analysis of periodicity suggests that a modulation may be present but we could not identify a clearly dominant period. We caution that due to the small size of the sample and the effects of the sampling window, additional observations are required to be able to determine true periods.

We have undertaken visual spectroscopy of the highly evolved planetary nebulae (PNe) A8, A13, A62, A72, A78 and A83 over a wavelength range 4330 < λ < 6830 A. This permits us to specify relative line intensities in various sectors of the nebular shells, and to investigate the variation of emission as a function of radius. We determine that the spectrum of the central star of A78 has varied appreciably over a period of 25 yr. There is now evidence for strong P Cygni absorption in the λ4589 and λ5412 transitions of He II, implying terminal velocities of the order of V∞ 3.83 x 10 3 km s -1 . We also note that the emission-line profiles of the sources can be used to investigate their intrinsic emission structures. We find that most PNe show appreciable levels of emission throughout their volumes; only one source (A13) possesses a thin-shell structure. Such results are in conformity with evolutionary theory, and probably reflect the consequences of adiabatic cooling in highly evolved outflows.

The low excitation properties of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6720 are known to be unusual, and to imply large ring/core emission ratios. We point out that such characteristics are by no means confined to this source alone, and that high ratios may occur in a large fraction of elliptical and circular PNe. Such trends may arise because of the presence of thin low-excitation emission sheets ‘wrapped’ within and around the primary outflows. The widths of such shells are required to be exceedingly small, and may (for certain cases) be of order ≪10−2 pc. Such a mechanism appears capable of explaining most of the observed emission properties, and may arise through shock interaction between differing envelopes. Alternative explanations in terms of bipolar or cylindrical outflows are shown to be implausible.

We have acquired narrowband imaging of NGC 3587 (the Owl Nebula) in the transitions [O II] λλ3727, 3729, H I λ4861, [O III] λ5007, H I λ6563, [N II] λ6584, [S II] λ6717, and [S II] λ6731. As a result, we are able to evaluate the variation of excitation and electron density over the projected envelope of the source. We propose that the Owl Nebula consists of four primary shells: an internal, tilted, barrel-like component responsible for higher excitation emission; two much more uniform, spherically symmetric structures, CSCI and CSCII. These, finally, are enveloped by a much lower intensity, lower excitation halo, dubbed CSCIII. A large proportion of the low-excitation emission appears to be associated with the periphery of CSCI, and it is conceivable that this is, physically speaking, a relatively thin-shelled structure. [S II] density mapping appears to indicate that ne is preferentially enhanced toward the northern periphery of the shell, in a regime where low-excitation line strengths are also preferentially enhanced. We suggest that such trends may arise through northerly shocking of the shell CSCI. There is, in addition, some evidence for an east-west dichotomy in density structure, which may reflect variable sampling of the higher density, barrel-like component. Mean densities are low, and of the order ne = 590 cm-3.

We have acquired narrowband imaging of NGC 2346 in the transitions H I λ6563 and λ4861 and [O III] λ5007. As a result, we are able to evaluate the variation of both excitation and extinction over the projected central parts of the nebular shell. Extinction appears to be surprisingly uniform, and there is (in particular) little evidence for the reddening asymmetries proposed in previous analyses. Cusplike enhancements in Av at the periphery of the source are attributed to a layer of extincting material at the limits of the H II region, implying a value of major-axis reddening ΔAv < 0.5 mag. Similar extinctions are also deduced from an analysis of infrared and millimeter-wavelength observations. It is unclear what proportion of this reddening may be attributed to the molecular belt, although it seems likely that this feature contributes ~0.3 mag of extinction in the northern lobe and explains the north-south asymmetries noted in optical images. Given that levels of local extinction are quite modest, it seems likely that the larger part of the observed reddening (Av ≈ 2 mag) arises from intervening interstellar material, a conclusion that is again at variance with previous analyses. Such a presumption would explain the relative uniformity in extinction over the face of the nebula, and similarity between distances estimated from extinction and those determined through alternative analyses. If this is accepted, however, then it follows that prior estimates of central star extinction must be greatly in error. One possible origin for this error is noted from Hubble Space Telescope imagery in [N II] λ6584, where it is clear that a secondary star is located close to the presumed A-type central star, a component that was not allowed for in previous analyses. It is unclear whether this star is physically associated with the core binary system.

We have acquired imaging of the bipolar outflow M2-9 in the transitions [O III] λ5007, H I λ6563, [N II] λ6584, and [S II] λλ6717, 6731. As a result, we are able to map both excitation and density over the face of the nebula. We find that underlying densities in the lobes increase to ne ~ 1.6 × 103 cm-3 at distances rp ~ 12''–15'' from the central star, after which they again decrease to ne 27''. Superposed upon this are various density knots, associated with the visual condensations, in which peak values of ne are of order 6.3 × 103 cm-3. These appear to be responsible for low-excitation shadowing of the outer envelope. All of these features (the density peaks, and broad underlying density variation) are shown to be consistent with a particular model of shock excitation, in which an interior wind is shock-interacting with an external neutral envelope. Such a model appears also to be consistent with trends in [O III]/Hα and [S II]/Hα, which (for the northern lobe at least) appear most consistent with shock excitation.

The planetary nebula NGC 2392 possesses an extremely unusual spectrokinematic morphology, characterized by several strange and elusive structures. In this paper, extensive narrowband imaging of the source is used to investigate the shell excitation structure, while [O III] and [S II] images are ratioed to provide fully sampled mapping of electron density and temperature. As a result, we are able to confirm the presence of low densities in the various filamentary structures, an appreciable radial decrease in density in the outer shell, and finally, a probable regime of higher shell densities at the interface of the bright inner shell and lower intensity outer halo. Although temperatures are more uniform, we also find evidence for a significant temperature enhancement close to the inner-outer shell interface, and it is proposed that both anomalies (in density and temperature) arise in a postshock cooling regime. Finally, present imaging and prior spectroscopy are used to construct a revised model of the source, in which it is argued that the outer filamentary structure occupies a disklike regime, congruent with the principal plane of the outer spheroid. Individual filaments arise from low-excitation density contrasts, created through the interaction between the outer shell and a precessing jet.

We have acquired [O III] λ5007, H I λλ6563 and 4861, and [S II] λλ6717 and 6731 imaging of the bipolar outflow source NGC 6445. As a result, we find that density is preferentially enhanced within an interior optical/radio emission annulus and takes a maximum value ~1.1 × 103 cm-3. Visual extinction appears also to be enhanced within this regime, taking values ~0.8 mag greater than for the enveloping shell, a result that is shown to imply ratios Av/N(H2) comparable to that of NGC 7027 and at least 4 times greater than for the interstellar medium. Finally, we investigate the variation of excitation through the projected nebular envelope. While the nucleus possesses excitation properties consistent with normal (radiatively excited) sources, it appears that line ratios toward the source periphery may indicate the presence of appreciable shock activity.

We report the results of narrow band imaging of the bipolar outflow source NGC 2818 in transitions of [NII], [OIII], [SII], and HI. As a consequence, we are able to assess the overall excitation properties of the shell, and determine that line ratios towards the nebular periphery are anomalous, and characteristic of planar shocks with velocity km s-1 . Pre-shock densities are likely to be modest, and of order cm-3 . The [SII] imaging is further used to derive a fully-sampled map of electron density, whence it is clear that the density structure is rather complex and related to various features within the excitation maps. Peak values cm-3 occur close to the nucleus, although densities subsequently decline for major axis displacements arcsec. The minor axis distribution, on the other hand, appears to be somewhat more extended and bilobal. It is probable that complexities in the density mapping reflect the presence of condensations and filaments within the primary shell structure, and that these are also responsible for apparent variations in density as a function of forbidden and permitted line transition.

The kinematics of Planetary Nebulae are analyzed in terms of the solutions to the equations of hydrodynamic equilibrium developed by J. Canto. We apply our analysis to the Planetary Nebulae NGC 6905 and NGC 6537. A detailed spectroscopic study of these objects reveals the existence of high nuclear velocities, together with complex kinematic structures and unusual emission line intensities. Shock ionization clearly plays a key role in these nebulae. Remarkably good agreement is obtained when comparing the synthetic maps and spectra resulting from the shock solutions with the observational data.

The dwarf planet Eris is a trans-Neptunian object with an orbital eccentricity of 0.44, an inclination of 44 degrees and a surface composition very similar to that of Pluto. It resides at present at 95.7 astronomical units (1ĝ€‰au is the Earth-Sun distance) from Earth, near its aphelion and more than three times farther than Pluto. Owing to this great distance, measuring its size or detecting a putative atmosphere is difficult. Here we report the observation of a multi-chord stellar occultation by Eris on 6 November 2010 ut. The event is consistent with a spherical shape for Eris, with radius 1,163±6 kilometres, density 2.52±0.05 grams per cm 3 and a high visible geometric albedo,. No nitrogen, argon or methane atmospheres are detected with surface pressure larger than about 10,000 times more tenuous than Pluto's present atmosphere. As Pluto's radius is estimated to be between 1,150 and 1,200 kilometres, Eris appears as a Pluto twin, with a bright surface possibly caused by a collapsed atmosphere, owing to its cold environment. We anticipate that this atmosphere may periodically sublimate as Eris approaches its perihelion, at 37.8 astronomical units from the Sun. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Fil: Sicardy, B.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Institut Universitaire de France; Francia Fil: Ortiz, J.L.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Assafin, M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Jehin, E.. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Maury, A.. San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations; Chile Fil: Lellouch, E.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico ; Argentina Fil: Braga Ribas, F.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil Fil: Colas, F.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Hestroffer, D.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Lecacheux, J.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Roques, F.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Santos-Sanz, P.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Widemann, T.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Morales, N.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Duffard, R.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Thirouin, A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Castro-Tirado, A.J.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Jelínek, M.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Kubánek, P.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Sota, A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Sánchez-Ramírez, R.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Andrei, A.H.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Camargo, J.I.B.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Da Silva Neto, D.N.. Centro Universitário Estadual Da Zona Oeste; . Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil Fil: Gomes Jr., A. Ramos. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Martins, R. Vieira. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; Brasil Fil: Gillon, M.. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Manfroid, J.. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Tozzi, G.P.. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri; Italia Fil: Harlingten, C.. Caisey Harlingten Observatory; Reino Unido Fil: Saravia, S.. San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations; Chile Fil: Behrend, R.. Universidad de Ginebra; Suiza Fil: Mottola, S.. German Aerospace Center; Alemania Fil: Melendo, E. García. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Peris, V.. Universidad de Valencia; España Fil: Fabregat, J.. Universidad de Valencia; España Fil: Madiedo, J.M.. Universidad de Huelva; España Fil: Cuesta, L.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Eibe, M.T.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Ullán, A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Organero, F.. Observatorio astronómico de La Hita; España Fil: Pastor, S.. Observatorio de la Murta; España Fil: De Los Reyes, J.A.. Observatorio de la Murta; España Fil: Pedraz, S.. Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán; España Fil: Castro, A.. Centro Cultural José María Gutiérrez Romero; España Fil: De La Cueva, I.. Astroimagen; España Fil: Muler, G.. Observatorio Nazaret; España Fil: Steele, I.A.. Liverpool JMU; Reino Unido Fil: Cebrián, M.. Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias; Fil: Montañés-Rodríguez, P.. Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias; España Fil: Oscoz, A.. Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias; España Fil: Weaver, D.. Observatório Astronomico Christus; Brasil Fil: Jacques, C.. Observatório CEAMIG-REA; Brasil Fil: Corradi, W.J.B.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Santos, F.P.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Reis, W.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Milone, A.. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; Brasil Fil: Emilio, M.. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; Brasil Fil: Gutiérrez, L.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Vázquez, R.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Hernández Toledo, H.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México

We present the first results from long-term photometric observations carried out with the INTA-CAB 50-cm telescope in a fully robotic mode. The data belong to an ongoing programme for the photometric follow up of known transiting close-in giant planets. We describe the techniques used to generate differential light curves of the programme stars and discuss the photometric performance obtained over the first year of operation.

We present observations of three post-Main-Sequence nebulae taken with an intermediate despersion spectrograph mounted on the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma, Spain). Our results reveal evidence for high-velocity outflows of ∼ 102 km s−1 in the primary shells, and very much greater velocities in the cores, while in one unique souce there also appears to be evidence for a core WC binary.

We have acquired monochromatic imaging of the bipolar outflow source NGC 2440 in 12 ionic transitions using the 1.5 m Telescope at the Observatorio de San Pedro Martir, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. As a result, we have been able to undertake detailed analysis of the shell ionisation structure. Then, we found that excitation is high close the center, extending towards the exterior at located radial positions. Edges and ansae are zones of low excitation indicating probably shock regions, in particular the outer shell.

The conventional interpretation of the “Wilson effect”is based on the fact that, in a simple photoionization model of a thick shell in free expansion, the elements with a high ionization potential are found in the innermost part of the shell, which move slower than the outer regions where the low ionization ions are located. A real PN is however a much more complex object than in the picture above. For these reasons, we are carrying on a project aimed at studying in detail the Wilson effect in a large number of objects of different types.We present here preliminary results for two PNe, the bipolar nebula Hu 1–2 and the elliptical NGC 7662. Observation have been secured with the Utrecht Echelle Spectro-graph placed at 4.2m William Herschel Telescope, (La Palma, Canary Islands). The spatial resolution is 0.36 arcsec, and the resolving power R=46000. The results are presented in Table 1. The increase of expansion velocity with decreasing potential is clearly seen except for Hydrogen. This ion is a quite peculiar case: although its ionization potential is quite low, this element behaves also as a high excitation atom since it has only one possible ionized state. Futhermore, as we have spatial resolution we can study this relation between velocity and ionization potential in different points of the nebula.

Sh 2-71 appears to represent a diffuse, ellipsoidal nebulosity extending over a range △α x △δ = 1.7 × 3 arcmin2. Early spectroscopy by Glushkov et al (1975), and Chopinet and Lortet-Zuckerman (1976) suggested the presence of a high excitation central star, and Kaler (1983) has more recently determined Zanstra temperatures T z (HeII) > 7.7 · 104 K. The observed central star clearly constitutes a much cooler companion, and luminosity variations in this source have been attributed to binary eclipse.

NGC 6537 is an unusual high excitation bipolar outflow source, with anomalous abundances indicative of a type I nebula. We have recently obtained a range of high resolution spectrophotometry for this source using the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope (Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos, La Palma), together with narrow band optical imaging using the 2.6 m Nordic Optical Telescope (Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma). As a consequence, it is apparent that the source optical morphology is suggestive of the presence of an hyperbolic shock outflow surface, similar to those observed in other BPN (e.g. NGC 6302, Hb 5). Line ratio maps also indicate the presence of extremely strong [Nii] emission at the periphery of the outflow, whilst expansion velocities are of order ~ 400 km sec-1. These large shell expansion velocities may in turn be driven by an extremely high velocity wind, which in this case appears to extend over a range ΔV ≥ 3000 km sec-1.

We have observed IRAS 09371+1212 using both narrow and broad band filters. As a result, we note that relative color trends B-V/V-R appear to be inconsistent with both the mean IS reddening law, and the variation deduced for model grains (Robinson et al, 1992). There also appears to be a disparity in the B-V/V-R reddening gradient as between the inner and outer source envelopes—a characteristic which, together with other evidence, may indicate a corresponding evolution in grain properties.