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1. A high-flux BEC source for mobile atom interferometers

Author

Jan Rudolph, Waldemar Herr, Christoph Grzeschik, Tammo Sternke, Alexander Grote, Manuel Popp, Dennis Becker, Hauke Müntinga, Holger Ahlers, Achim Peters, Claus Lämmerzahl, Klaus Sengstock, Naceur Gaaloul, Wolfgang Ertmer, and Ernst M Rasel

Subjects
equivalence principle, quantum sensors, Bose–Einstein condensates, atom interferometry, microgravity, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Quantum sensors based on coherent matter-waves are precise measurement devices whose ultimate accuracy is achieved with Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in extended free fall. This is ideally realized in microgravity environments such as drop towers, ballistic rockets and space platforms. However, the transition from lab-based BEC machines to robust and mobile sources with comparable performance is a challenging endeavor. Here we report on the realization of a miniaturized setup, generating a flux of $4\times {{10}^{5}}$ quantum degenerate ^87 Rb atoms every 1.6 s. Ensembles of $1\times {{10}^{5}}$ atoms can be produced at a 1 Hz rate. This is achieved by loading a cold atomic beam directly into a multi-layer atom chip that is designed for efficient transfer from laser-cooled to magnetically trapped clouds. The attained flux of degenerate atoms is on par with current lab-based BEC experiments while offering significantly higher repetition rates. Additionally, the flux is approaching those of current interferometers employing Raman-type velocity selection of laser-cooled atoms. The compact and robust design allows for mobile operation in a variety of demanding environments and paves the way for transportable high-precision quantum sensors.

Published
2015
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3. Collective-Mode Enhanced Matter-Wave Optics

Author

André Wenzlawski, Tammo Sternke, Eric Charron, Achim Peters, Claus Lämmerzahl, Jan Rudolph, Markus Krutzik, Sven Herrmann, Christoph Grzeschik, Alexander Grote, W. Herr, Ernst M. Rasel, Naceur Gaaloul, Peter Stromberger, Merle Cornelius, Robin Corgier, Christian Deppner, David Guéry-Odelin, Patrick Windpassinger, Institut für Quantenoptik [Hannover] (IQ), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Zentrum für Angewandte Raumfahrttechnologie und Mikrogravitation (ZARM), Universität Bremen, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atomes Froids (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetic lens, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Degenerate energy levels, Temperature, Lens (optics), Interferometry, Atom optics, Cold atoms & matter waves, Matter wave, business, Delta-Kick Collimation
Abstract

International audience; In contrast to light, matter-wave optics of quantum gases deals with interactions even in free space and for ensembles comprising millions of atoms. We exploit these interactions in a quantum degenerate gas as an adjustable lens for coherent atom optics. By combining an interaction-driven quadrupole-mode excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a magnetic lens, we form a time-domain matter-wave lens system. The focus is tuned by the strength of the lensing potential and the oscillatory phase of the quadrupole mode. By placing the focus at infinity, we lower the total internal kinetic energy of a BEC comprising 101(37) thousand atoms in three dimensions to 3/2 kB⋅38+6−7 pK. Our method paves the way for free-fall experiments lasting ten or more seconds as envisioned for tests of fundamental physics and high-precision BEC interferometry, as well as opens up a new kinetic energy regime.

Published
2021
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4. Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100)

Author

Josef Frisch, Benjamin E. Garber, Sam Hindley, Arvydas Vasonis, Surjeet Rajendran, John March-Russell, Jonah Glick, Noah M. Curfman, Mark A. Kasevich, Christopher J. Foot, J. W. Mitchell, Megan Nantel, Jan Rudolph, Natasha Sachdeva, Mandy Kiburg, Yiping Wang, Linda R. Valerio, Lucy Nobrega, Yijun Jiang, Murtaza Safdari, Kenneth DeRose, Savas Dimopoulos, Roni Harnik, Peter W. Graham, J. P. Coleman, Samuel P. Carman, Kieran Bridges, Ariel Schwartzman, James Santucci, Ian Shipsey, S. Geer, Ronald J. Kellett, Mahiro Abe, Marcel Borcean, Valerie Gibson, Joseph Lykken, Leonie Hawkins, Thomas Wilkason, Philip Adamson, R. K. Plunkett, Jason M. Hogan, Hunter Swan, Tim Kovachy, Tejas Deshpande, Steve R. Hahn, Daniela Bortoletto, Martin Murphy, and Subhasis Chattopadhyay

Subjects
Physics, Atom interferometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gravitational wave, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Dark matter, Quantum sensor, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atomic clock, Gradiometer, Physics - Atomic Physics, Optics, Astronomical interferometer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

MAGIS-100 is a next-generation quantum sensor under construction at Fermilab that aims to explore fundamental physics with atom interferometry over a 100-meter baseline. This novel detector will search for ultralight dark matter, test quantum mechanics in new regimes, and serve as a technology pathfinder for future gravitational wave detectors in a previously unexplored frequency band. It combines techniques demonstrated in state-of-the-art 10-meter-scale atom interferometers with the latest technological advances of the world's best atomic clocks. MAGIS-100 will provide a development platform for a future kilometer-scale detector that would be sufficiently sensitive to detect gravitational waves from known sources. Here we present the science case for the MAGIS concept, review the operating principles of the detector, describe the instrument design, and study the detector systematics., Comment: 65 pages, 18 figures

Published
2021

5. Large Momentum Transfer Clock Atom Interferometry on the 689 nm Intercombination Line of Strontium

Author

Benjamin E. Garber, Megan Nantel, Yijun Jiang, Thomas Wilkason, Hunter Swan, Jason M. Hogan, Connor M. Holland, Samuel P. Carman, and Jan Rudolph

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, Atom interferometer, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Gravitational wave, Momentum transfer, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, Momentum, Interferometry, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Realization (systems), Line (formation)
Abstract

We report the first realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) clock atom interferometry. Using single-photon interactions on the strontium ${}^1S_0 - {}^3P_1$ transition, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometers with state-of-the-art momentum separation of up to $141\,\hbar k$ and gradiometers of up to $81\,\hbar k$. Moreover, we circumvent excited state decay limitations and extend the gradiometer duration to 50 times the excited state lifetime. Because of the broad velocity acceptance of the interferometry pulses, all experiments are performed with laser-cooled atoms at a temperature of $3\,\mu \text{K}$. This work has applications in high-precision inertial sensing and paves the way for LMT-enhanced clock atom interferometry on even narrower transitions, a key ingredient in proposals for gravitational wave detection and dark matter searches., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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6. Degenerate Quantum Gases in Microgravity

Author

Y. Singh, M. Eckart, Thorben Könemann, Klaus Sengstock, Vladimir Schkolnik, Markus Krutzik, Sven Herrmann, Andreas Resch, Achim Peters, Torben A. Schulze, Wolfgang Ertmer, W. Lewoczko-Adamczyk, Jakob Reichel, G. Nandi, Max Schiemangk, Stephan Seidel, Claus Lämmerzahl, Endre Kajari, Stefan Arnold, Tim van Zoest, Tilo Steinmetz, Christina Rode, Hauke Müntinga, A. Vogel, Naceur Gaaloul, André Wenzlawski, Jan Rudolph, Holger Ahlers, Reinhold Walser, Nadine Meyer, Kai Bongs, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Waldemar Herr, Theodor W. Hänsch, Ernst M. Rasel, and Hansjörg Dittus

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Atom interferometer, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Applied Mathematics, Degenerate energy levels, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Gravitation, Interferometry, Modeling and Simulation, Quantum mechanics, Astronomical interferometer, Equivalence principle, Quantum
Abstract

Clouds of ultra-cold atoms and especially Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) provide a source for coherent matter-waves in numerous earth bound experiments. Analogous to optical interferometry, matter-wave interferometers can be used for precision measurements allowing for a sensitivity orders of magnitude above their optical counterparts. However, in some respects the presence of gravitational forces in the lab limits experimental possibilities. In this article, we report about a compact and robust experiment generating Bose–Einstein condensates in the drop tower facility in Bremen, Germany. We also present the progress of building the succeeding experiment in which a two species atom interferometer will be implemented to test the weak equivalence principle with quantum matter.

Published
2010
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7. Design of a dual species atom interferometer for space

Author

Baptiste Battelier, Johannes Burkhardt, Claus Braxmaier, E. Rocco, Didier Massonnet, Thijs Wendrich, Eric Wille, Fiodor Sorrentino, Thomas Leveque, A. Heske, Naceur Gaaloul, Matthias O. Franz, Alexander Milke, André Kubelka-Lange, Markus Oswald, Arnaud Landragin, Ulrich Johann, Jonas Hartwig, Ortwin Hellmig, C. Trenkel, Achim Peters, Norman Gürlebeck, Domenico Gerardi, Andrew Hinton, Andrea Bertoldi, Katerine Posso-Trujillo, M. Chwalla, Martin Gehler, M. Hauth, Jan Rudolph, Philippe Bouyer, Ahmad Bawamia, Markus Krutzik, Sven Herrmann, P. Ireland, Kai Bongs, Ernst M. Rasel, Holger Ahlers, Andreas Wicht, Luigi Cacciapuoti, André Wenzlawski, Thilo Schuldt, Patrick Windpassinger, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Waldemar Herr, Stephan Seidel, Guglielmo M. Tino, D. Summers, Ignacio Mateos, Christian Schubert, Mike Williams, Wolf von Klitzing, Benny Rievers, C. P. Chaloner, Klaus Sengstock, Wolfgang Ertmer, Lluis Gesa Bote, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Institut für Quantenoptik [Hannover] (IQ), Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), Universität Bremen, MUARC, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Department of Mathematics, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Institut fur Physik, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hamburg, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (FORTH-IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), INFN Sezione di Firenze, Astrium Ltd, Airbus Defence and Space Germany, Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Humboldt University Of Berlin, and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)

Subjects
Space technology, Atom interferometer, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Zerodur, Equivalence principle test, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 7. Clean energy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, Physics - Atomic Physics, Optics, Physics - Space Physics, law, Magnetic trap, Astronomical interferometer, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Bose-Einstein condensate, Laser diode, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Laser, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

Atom interferometers have a multitude of proposed applications in space including precise measurements of the Earth's gravitational field, in navigation & ranging, and in fundamental physics such as tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and gravitational wave detection. While atom interferometers are realized routinely in ground-based laboratories, current efforts aim at the development of a space compatible design optimized with respect to dimensions, weight, power consumption, mechanical robustness and radiation hardness. In this paper, we present a design of a high-sensitivity differential dual species $^{85}$Rb/$^{87}$Rb atom interferometer for space, including physics package, laser system, electronics and software. The physics package comprises the atom source consisting of dispensers and a 2D magneto-optical trap (MOT), the science chamber with a 3D-MOT, a magnetic trap based on an atom chip and an optical dipole trap (ODT) used for Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) creation and interferometry, the detection unit, the vacuum system for $10^{-11}$ mbar ultra-high vacuum generation, and the high-suppression factor magnetic shielding as well as the thermal control system. The laser system is based on a hybrid approach using fiber-based telecom components and high-power laser diode technology and includes all laser sources for 2D-MOT, 3D-MOT, ODT, interferometry and detection. Manipulation and switching of the laser beams is carried out on an optical bench using Zerodur bonding technology. The instrument consists of 9 units with an overall mass of 221 kg, an average power consumption of 608 W (819 W peak), and a volume of 470 liters which would well fit on a satellite to be launched with a Soyuz rocket, as system studies have shown., 30 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2015
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8. A high-flux BEC source for mobile atom interferometers

Author

Dennis Becker, Manuel Popp, Klaus Sengstock, Wolfgang Ertmer, Holger Ahlers, Christoph Grzeschik, Waldemar Herr, Jan Rudolph, Naceur Gaaloul, Hauke Müntinga, Tammo Sternke, Alexander Grote, Claus Lämmerzahl, Ernst M. Rasel, and Achim Peters

Subjects
Atom interferometer, bose-einstein condensation, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, matter-wave interferometry, law.invention, Physics - Atomic Physics, law, chip, Atom, Astronomical interferometer, ddc:530, Physics::Atomic Physics, Quantum, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Degenerate energy levels, Quantum sensor, Bose-Einstein condensates, magnetooptical trap, 530 Physik, quantum sensors, microgravity, Computational physics, equivalence principle, Measuring instrument, atom interferometry, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Bose–Einstein condensate, Bose–Einstein condensates
Abstract

Quantum sensors based on coherent matter-waves are precise measurement devices whose ultimate accuracy is achieved with Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in extended free fall. This is ideally realized in microgravity environments such as drop towers, ballistic rockets and space platforms. However, the transition from lab-based BEC machines to robust and mobile sources with comparable performance is a challenging endeavor. Here we report on the realization of a miniaturized setup, generating a flux of $4 \times 10^5$ quantum degenerate $^{87}$Rb atoms every 1.6$\,$s. Ensembles of $1 \times 10^5$ atoms can be produced at a 1$\,$Hz rate. This is achieved by loading a cold atomic beam directly into a multi-layer atom chip that is designed for efficient transfer from laser-cooled to magnetically trapped clouds. The attained flux of degenerate atoms is on par with current lab-based BEC experiments while offering significantly higher repetition rates. Additionally, the flux is approaching those of current interferometers employing Raman-type velocity selection of laser-cooled atoms. The compact and robust design allows for mobile operation in a variety of demanding environments and paves the way for transportable high-precision quantum sensors., 22 pages, 6 figures

Published
2015
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9. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in Microgravity

Author

Steven E. Arnold, A. Vogel, Markus Krutzik, Sven Herrmann, W. Lewoczko-Adamczyk, Jan Rudolph, S. T. Seidel, Stephan Kleinert, Roeland J. M. Nolte, Ernst M. Rasel, Patrick Windpassinger, Theodor W. Hänsch, Nadine Meyer, Kai Bongs, E. Kajari, H. Ahlers, T. van Zoest, Max Schiemangk, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Wolfgang Zeller, Jakob Reichel, Hansjörg Dittus, T. Valenzuela, André Wenzlawski, Jonathan Ian Malcolm, Manuel Popp, Klaus Sengstock, Hauke Müntinga, Wolfgang Ertmer, Naceur Gaaloul, Christoph Grzeschik, Hannes Duncker, Thijs Wendrich, Claus Lämmerzahl, Albert Roura, W. Herr, Ortwin Hellmig, C. Gherasim, Michael Schneider, Achim Peters, Enno Giese, Vincenzo Tamma, Reinhold Walser, and Dennis Becker

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Atom interferometer, Quantum Physics, General relativity, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Near and far field, law.invention, Physics - Atomic Physics, Interferometry, law, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quantum mechanics, Astronomical interferometer, Linear scale, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Bose–Einstein condensate, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

Atom interferometers covering macroscopic domains of space-time are a spectacular manifestation of the wave nature of matter. Due to their unique coherence properties, Bose-Einstein condensates are ideal sources for an atom interferometer in extended free fall. In this paper we report on the realization of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer operated with a Bose-Einstein condensate in microgravity. The resulting interference pattern is similar to the one in the far-field of a double-slit and shows a linear scaling with the time the wave packets expand. We employ delta-kick cooling in order to enhance the signal and extend our atom interferometer. Our experiments demonstrate the high potential of interferometers operated with quantum gases for probing the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and general relativity., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; 8 pages of supporting material

Published
2013
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10. STE-QUEST - Test of the Universality of Free Fall Using Cold Atom Interferometry

Author

Claus Lämmerzahl, Albert Roura, Didier Massonnet, Ahmad Bawamia, Christian Schubert, Deborah N. Aguilera, Jan Rudolph, Alexander Milke, Ulrich Johann, N. Uzunoglu, Wolfgang P. Schleich, D. Gerardi, Reinhold Walser, Jonas Hartwig, Nassim Zahzam, Fiodor Sorrentino, Andrea Bertoldi, Philippe Jetzer, Norman Gürlebeck, Baptiste Battelier, Katerine Posso-Trujillo, Philippe Bouyer, M. Hauth, Arnaud Landragin, C. P. Chaloner, Patrick Windpassinger, A. Kubelka, Guglielmo M. Tino, Markus Krutzik, Sven Herrmann, E. Rocco, Ernst M. Rasel, Claus Braxmaier, Thijs Wendrich, Carlos F. Sopuerta, C. Trenkel, Andreas Wicht, D. Summers, Mike Williams, Holger Ahlers, Peter Weßels, Ortwin Hellmig, Ignacio Mateos, Martin Gehler, Eric Wille, Andrew Hinton, Kai Bongs, P. Ireland, Lluis Gesa, Naceur Gaaloul, Matthias O. Franz, Stephan Seidel, Miquel Nofrarías, Markus Oswald, Ruxandra Bondarescu, W. von Klitzing, Waldemar Herr, André Wenzlawski, A. Heske, Thilo Schuldt, Ivan Lloro, Achim Peters, Klaus Sengstock, Wolfgang Ertmer, Luigi Cacciapuoti, M. Chwalla, lp2n-02,lp2n-11, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Chemnitz University of Technology / Technische Universität Chemnitz, Dipartimento di Fisica and LENS, Università di Firenze-INFN, LENS, INFN, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atom interferometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General relativity, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics - Atomic Physics, Theoretical physics, Theory of relativity, Gravitational field, space physics, Physics - Space Physics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Systems Enabling Technologies, Spacetime, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Bose-Einstein condensates, cold atoms, Fundamental interaction, microgravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Space Physics (physics.space-ph), equivalence principle, 13. Climate action, quantum gravity, Physics::Space Physics, atom interferometry, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Quantum gravity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Gravitational redshift
Abstract

The theory of general relativity describes macroscopic phenomena driven by the influence of gravity while quantum mechanics brilliantly accounts for microscopic effects. Despite their tremendous individual success, a complete unification of fundamental interactions is missing and remains one of the most challenging and important quests in modern theoretical physics. The STE-QUEST satellite mission, proposed as a medium-size mission within the Cosmic Vision program of the European Space Agency (ESA), aims for testing general relativity with high precision in two experiments by performing a measurement of the gravitational redshift of the Sun and the Moon by comparing terrestrial clocks, and by performing a test of the Universality of Free Fall of matter waves in the gravitational field of Earth comparing the trajectory of two Bose-Einstein condensates of Rb85 and Rb87. The two ultracold atom clouds are monitored very precisely thanks to techniques of atom interferometry. This allows to reach down to an uncertainty in the E\"otv\"os parameter of at least 2x10E-15. In this paper, we report about the results of the phase A mission study of the atom interferometer instrument covering the description of the main payload elements, the atomic source concept, and the systematic error sources., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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