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1. A comparison of the cosmic-ray energy scales of Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande via their radio extensions Tunka-Rex and LOPES

Author: W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, L. Bähren, P.A. Bezyazeekov, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, N.M. Budnev, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, O. Fedorov, B. Fuchs, H. Gemmeke, O.A. Gress, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, R. Hiller, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, D. Huber, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, Y. Kazarina, M. Kleifges, E.E. Korosteleva, D. Kostunin, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, L.A. Kuzmichev, K. Link, N. Lubsandorzhiev, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H.J. Mathes, M. Melissas, R.R. Mirgazov, R. Monkhoev, C. Morello, J. Oehlschläger, E.A. Osipova, A. Pakhorukov, N. Palmieri, L. Pankov, T. Pierog, V.V. Prosin, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, G.I. Rubtsov, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, S. Schoo, F.G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, R. Wischnewski, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, A. Zagorodnikov, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The radio technique is a promising method for detection of cosmic-ray air showers of energies around 100PeV and higher with an array of radio antennas. Since the amplitude of the radio signal can be measured absolutely and increases with the shower energy, radio measurements can be used to determine the air-shower energy on an absolute scale. We show that calibrated measurements of radio detectors operated in coincidence with host experiments measuring air showers based on other techniques can be used for comparing the energy scales of these host experiments. Using two approaches, first via direct amplitude measurements, and second via comparison of measurements with air shower simulations, we compare the energy scales of the air-shower experiments Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande, using their radio extensions, Tunka-Rex and LOPES, respectively. Due to the consistent amplitude calibration for Tunka-Rex and LOPES achieved by using the same reference source, this comparison reaches an accuracy of approximately 10% – limited by some shortcomings of LOPES, which was a prototype experiment for the digital radio technique for air showers. In particular we show that the energy scales of cosmic-ray measurements by the independently calibrated experiments KASCADE-Grande and Tunka-133 are consistent with each other on this level. Keywords: Cosmic rays, Radio detection, LOPES, Tunka-Rex, Tunka-133, KASCADE-Grande
Published: 2016
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2. Results from the KASCADE-Grande data analysis

Author: H. J. Mathes, Claus Grupen, H.J. Gils, F.G. Schröder, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, G.C. Trinchero, K. Bekk, A. Weindl, Tim Huege, Markus Roth, H. Bozdog, J. Wochele, Dieter Heck, D. Rivera-Rangel, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Cossavella, Octavian Sima, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, C. Morello, W. D. Apel, P. Doll, Andreas Haungs, Katrin Link, R. Glasstetter, F. Di Pierro, Donghwa Kang, D. Fuhrmann, E. Cantoni, S. Ostapchenko, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, Ralph Engel, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Kai Daumiller, H. Ulrich, V. de Souza, P. Łuczak, M. E. Bertaina, J. Blümer, G. Toma, H.J. Mayer, J. Oehlschläger, J. Milke, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy spectrum, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:530, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande and its original array of KASCADE were dedicated to measure individual air showers of cosmic rays with great detail in the primary energy range of 100 TeV up to 1 EeV. The experiment has significantly contributed to investigations of the energy spectrum and chemical composition of cosmic rays in the transition region from galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays as well as to the further development of hadronic interaction models through validity tests using the multi-detector information from KASCADE-Grande. Though the data accumulation was completed in 2013, the data analysis is still continuing. Recently, we investigate the reliability of the new hadronic interactions model of the Sibyll version 2.3d with the combined data from KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande, and compare it to the predictions of different hadronic interaction models. In addition, we update the web-based platform of the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Centre (KCDC), where now full datasets from KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande and the corresponding Monte-Carlo simulated events are available., Presented at the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021

3. Summary of the main results of the KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments

Author: H. J. Mathes, Claus Grupen, F.G. Schröder, H. Rebel, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, E. Cantoni, W. D. Apel, A. Weindl, M. E. Bertaina, T. Pierog, J. Milke, K. Bekk, A. Chiavassa, G. Toma, P. Łuczak, B. Mitrica, N. Palmieri, D. Fuhrmann, H.J. Mayer, K. Link, K. H. Kampert, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, V. de Souza, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, H.J. Gils, C. Morello, Jörg R. Hörandel, Ralph Engel, R. Glasstetter, J. Blümer, S. Ostapchenko, P. Doll, F. Cossavella, D. Huber, T. Huege, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, G.C. Trinchero, D. Heck, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, F. Di Pierro, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, J. Zabierowski, and Markus Roth
Subjects: Physics, Elemental composition, Range (particle radiation), QC1-999, Astronomy, Hadron, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande experiments operated in KIT-Campus North, Karlsruhe (Germany) from 1993 to 2012. The two experiments studied primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 1014 eV to 1018 eV, investigating the change of slope of the spectrum detected at 2 - 4 × 1015 eV, the so called knee. We briefly review the performance of the experiments and then the main results obtained in the operation of both experiments: the test of hadronic interaction models, the all particle primary spectrum, the elemental composition of primary cosmic rays (with the first claim of a knee-like feature of the heavy primaries spectrum) and the search for large scale anisotropies.
Published: 2019

4. Final results of the LOPES radio interferometer for cosmic-ray air showers

Author: Béatrice Fuchs, W. D. Apel, D. Huber, A. Chiavassa, Heino Falcke, L. Bähren, H. Rebel, J. Blümer, H. J. Mathes, E. Cantoni, P. Łuczak, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, N. Palmieri, S. Schoo, Frank G. Schröder, J. Rautenberg, C. Rühle, H. Schieler, H. Bozdog, D. Heck, M. Melissas, J. Oehlschläger, K. Bekk, T. Pierog, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Ralph Engel, A. Saftoiu, A. Horneffer, D. Kang, S. Nehls, Markus Roth, C. Grupen, Tim Huege, J. A. Zensus, P. Doll, A. Schmidt, O. Krömer, G. Toma, F. Di Pierro, M. Ludwig, C. Morello, Peter L. Biermann, K. Link, Paula Gina Isar, V. de Souza, A. Haungs, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. Gemmeke, Kai Daumiller, J. Zabierowski, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, M. E. Bertaina, G.C. Trinchero, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, and Physics
Subjects: Beamforming, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Antenna array, lcsh:QB460-466, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, LOPES, Detector, LOFAR, KASCADE, lcsh:QC770-798, Antenna (radio), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: LOPES, the LOFAR prototype station, was an antenna array for cosmic-ray air showers operating from 2003 - 2013 within the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Meanwhile, the analysis is finished and the data of air-shower events measured by LOPES are available with open access in the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Center (KCDC). This article intends to provide a summary of the achievements, results, and lessons learned from LOPES. By digital, interferometric beamforming the detection of air showers became possible in the radio-loud environment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). As a prototype experiment, LOPES tested several antenna types, array configurations and calibration techniques, and pioneered analysis methods for the reconstruction of the most important shower parameters, i.e., the arrival direction, the energy, and mass-dependent observables such as the position of the shower maximum. In addition to a review and update of previously published results, we also present new results based on end-to-end simulations including all known instrumental properties. For this, we applied the detector response to radio signals simulated with the CoREAS extension of CORSIKA, and analyzed them in the same way as measured data. Thus, we were able to study the detector performance more accurately than before, including some previously inaccessible features such as the impact of noise on the interferometric cross-correlation beam. These results led to several improvements, which are documented in this paper and can provide useful input for the design of future cosmic-ray experiments based on the digital radio-detection technique., Comment: Accepted for publication by EPJ C
Published: 2021

5. Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyñska, H. Wilczyñski, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, and M. Ziolkowski
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEνs) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHEνs can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ν) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ν), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and criteria established to search for UHEνs in the data collected with the ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This includes Earth-skimming as well as downward-going neutrinos. No neutrino candidates have been found, which allows us to place competitive limits to the diffuse flux of UHEνs in the EeV range and above.
Published: 2013
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6. The KASCADE Cosmic-ray Data Centre KCDC: granting open access to astroparticle physics research data

Author: J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Kai Daumiller, F.G. Schröder, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Huege, C. Morello, H. Rebel, S. Schoo, B. Mitrica, V. de Souza, E. Cantoni, G. Toma, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, A. Chiavassa, Octavian Sima, D. Fuhrmann, H.J. Gils, D. Heck, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, T. Pierog, G.C. Trinchero, J. Oehlschläger, D. Wochele, F. Di Pierro, H. Bozdog, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, B. Fuchs, C. Grupen, P. Łuczak, J. Milke, K. Link, M. E. Bertaina, F. Cossavella, A. Weindl, P. Doll, J. Zabierowski, K. Bekk, I.M. Brancus, J. Blümer, H.J. Mayer, M. Petcu, S. Ostapchenko, Markus Roth, R. Glasstetter, Andreas Haungs, Ralph Engel, and W. D. Apel
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Big data, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Documentation, Data acquisition, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Engineering (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, ASTROFÍSICA, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), Data science, Metadata, KASCADE, lcsh:QC770-798, Data center, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business
Abstract: The `KASCADE Cosmic ray Data Centre' is a web portal (\url{https://kcdc.ikp.kit.edu}), where the data of the astroparticle physics experiment KASCADE-Grande are made available for the interested public. The KASCADE experiment was a large-area detector for the measurement of high-energy cosmic rays via the detection of extensive air showers. The multi-detector installations KASCADE and its extension KASCADE-Grande stopped the active data acquisition in 2013 of all its components end of 2012 after more than 20 years of data taking. In several updates since our first release in 2013 with KCDC we provide the public measured and reconstructed parameters of more than 433 million air showers. In addition, KCDC provides meta data information and documentation to enable a user outside the community of experts to perform their own data analysis. Simulation data from three different high energy interaction models have been made available as well as a compilation of measured and published spectra from various experiments. In addition, detailed educational examples shall encourage high-school students and early stage researchers to learn about astroparticle physics, cosmic radiation as well as the handling of Big Data and about the sustainable and public provision of scientific data., Comment: 16 pages, submitted to The European Physical Journal C
Published: 2018

7. Identifying clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared satellite data

Author: M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, B. Gookin, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, J.M. Chirinos, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Bruno Daniel, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Garcia-Pinto, Radomir Smida, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, Heino Falcke, B. Tome, L. Buroker, J. Knapp, R. Bonino, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Diogo, F. Suarez, Sergio Dasso, T. Niggemann, R. M. de Almeida, P. Allison, A. Tapia, G. Cocciolo, H. Gemmeke, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, L. Nellen, B. Zamorano Garcia, M. Buscemi, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, R. M. Kieckhafer, C. Jarne, M. Tueros, J. Rautenberg, B. Revenu, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, O. Wainberg, I.M. Brancus, D. Huber, S. Westerhoff, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, W. C. Brown, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. A. Muller, Lu Lu, G. Marsella, D. Martraire, S. Gambetta, Peter L. Biermann, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, B. Mitrica, M. Ludwig, J. Rosado, A. van Vliet, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Brogueira, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, B. Keilhauer, V. H. Ponce, S. J. Sciutto, J. Schovancova, Paolo Privitera, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, H.O. Klages, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, R. Krause, Gregory R Snow, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Corbin Covault, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Azadeh Keivani, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, Y. Petrov, J. Gitto, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, Lino Miramonti, Vincenzo Rizi, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, P. Gouffon, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Risse, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Jing Zhou, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, L. R. Wiencke, T. A. Harrison, A. Porcelli, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, A. Gorgi, V. Marin, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Pieroni, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Nataliia Borodai, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, S. van Velzen, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, G. Varner, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, I. M. Pepe, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Barbosa, Maria Rita Coluccia, Miguel Mostafá, Dusan Mandat, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, P. Gonçalves, N. Palmieri, Markus Ahlers, J. K. Kulbartz, H. Rivera, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, R. E. Burton, S. Jiraskova, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, A. Menshikov, J. C. Marin, H. Schieler, A. Zepeda, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, E. M. Santos, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. Katkov, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, P. Wahrlich, K. Louedec, J. Pȩkala, Mariangela Settimo, Iván Sidelnik, Alexey Yushkov, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, K. Weidenhaupt, J. Kleinfeller, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, M. I. Micheletti, T. Huege, A. Parra, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, O. Fratu, H. Cook, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P. Lautridou, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, F. Werner, P.O. Mazur, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, M. Prouza, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Rúben Conceição, P. Abreu, M. Josebachuili, D. Ravignani, Miroslav Hrabovský, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. F. Gamarra, A. Haungs, J. Neuser, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, E. J. Ahn, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, S. Le Coz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. L. Harton, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Lorenzo Cazon, S. Maldera, C. Pfendner, I. A. Minaya, A. Bellétoile, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, O. Krömer, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, N. Pacheco, Lukas Middendorf, M. Platino, G. Navarra, J. Bäuml, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, Johannes Schulz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Pimenta, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, H. Blümer, Balázs Kégl, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Šuša, I. C. Mariş, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, J. Stapleton, Miroslav Pech, J. Ridky, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Fliescher, A. Stutz, Pavel Horvath, Kai Daumiller, M. S. Sutherland, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, Trent D. Grubb, Sofia Andringa, R. Meyhandan, M. Ortiz, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, P. Ristori, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Jansen, B. García, Mario Scuderi, S. Messina, G. Salina, A. Curutiu, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, S. Stanič, H. Schoorlemmer, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Martina Bohacova, Martin Erdmann, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, J. Sorokin, M. Blanco, C. E. Fracchiolla, Roger W Clay, D. D'Urso, L. Latronico, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Navas, G. P. Guedes, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, U. Fröhlich, R. A. Vázquez, L. Valore, P. Karhan, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, M. Straub, D. Maurel, Markus Roth, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, S. Petrera, J. R. Vázquez, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. Maller, Rossella Caruso, W. J. M. de Mello, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, P. L. Ghia, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, R. Pesce, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, G. Garilli, D. Heck, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Marco Cilmo, B. Wilczyńska, W. Docters, Peter Gorham, R. Pelayo, L. Collica, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, S. J. Saffi, L. Niemietz, L. del Peral, J. Roberts, O. Ravel, R. Piegaia, J. Rodriguez Martino, H. J. Mathes, G. De La Vega, O. Taşcǎu, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. Tkaczyk, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Lauscher, M. Pontz, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Malacari, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, Christian Glaser, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, M., Buscemi, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirino, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, B. D., Fox, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mariş, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F. G., Schröder, J., Schulz, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirino, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, J.C. Diaz, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D’Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D’Urso, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, B.D. Fox, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, C. Glaser, H. Gla, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, T.D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mariş, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pe¸kala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, I. Rodriguez Cabo, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulz, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, M. Straub, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Torres Machado, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, S. van Velzen, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, G. Varner, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, T., Anti?i?, Aramo, Carla, J., B?uml, A., Bell?toile, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, I., De Mitri, M. L., D?az Castro, J. C., D?olivo, D., D'Urso, A., Filip?i?, U., Fr?hlich, B., Garc?a, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, Guarino, Fausto, J. R., H?randel, M., Hrabovsk?, B., K?gl, O., Kr?mer, M. S. A. B., Le?o, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, O., Mart?nez Bravo, J. J., Mas?as Meza, S., Mi?anovi?, M., Mostaf?, G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, L., No?ka, J., Oehlschl?ger, J., Pe?kala, L., Perrone, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, B., Rouill? d?Orfeuil, C., R?hle, F., S?nchez, V., Scherini, P., Schov?nek, F. G., Schr?der, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, T., ?u?a, O., Ta?c?u, B., Tom?, J. F., Vald?s Galicia, I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, B., Vargas C?rdena, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, B., Wilczy?ska, and H., Wilczy?ski
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Atmospheric Monitoring, Satellites, Infrared, Astronomy, Cloud cover, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Observatory, Clouds, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], INFRAVERMELHO, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Pierre Auger observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, clouds, satellites, Física nuclear, Satellite, Central Laser Facility, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, SYSTEM, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud. identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km(2) of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of similar to 2.4 km by similar to 5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and adminis- trative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organiza- tions for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA UK 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de- France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC- IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/ CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministeri- um Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Ond- erwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wet- enschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds with- in COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Roma- nian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI part- nership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1/ ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Roma- nia; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slove- nian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; The Leverhulme Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE- FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, National Science Founda- tion, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; NAFO- STED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. We would like to thank the former Michigan Tech students: Nathan Kelley-Hoskins, Kyle Luck and Arin Nelson for their impor- tant contribution to the development of this paper. We would like to thank NOAA for the GOES satellite data that we freely down- loaded from their website. Also, we would like to mention in these acknowledgments Dr. Steve Ackerman and Dr. Tony Schreiner for very valuable conversations
Published: 2013

8. Muon density measurements for the light and heavy mass groups of cosmic rays at the KASCADE-Grande observatory

Author: H. Bozdog, E. Cantoni, A. Weindl, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, S. Ostapchenko, H. J. Mathes, Claus Grupen, K. Bekk, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, T. Pierog, F.G. Schröder, P. Łuczak, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, J. Blümer, Ralph Engel, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, H.J. Gils, G.C. Trinchero, V. de Souza, Kai Daumiller, D. Fuhrmann, G. Toma, Jörg R. Hörandel, C. Morello, B. Mitrica, R. Glasstetter, F. Cossavella, T. Huege, F. Di Pierro, K. H. Kampert, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, H. Rebel, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, A. Chiavassa, H.J. Mayer, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, I.M. Brancus, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, and H. Ulrich
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande was an air-shower experiment aimed to investigate cosmic rays between 1016 and 1018 eV. The instrument was located at the site of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany at an altitude of 110 m a.s.l. and covered an area of 0.5 km2. KASCADE-Grande consisted of several detector systems dedicated to measure different components of the cosmic ray induced air showers, e.g. the muon content (Eth > 230 MeV) and the number of charged particles (Eth > 3 MeV) at ground, which are the basis for several energy and composition studies of cosmic rays. In this contribution, using these observables, the KASCADE-Grande data is divided into light and heavy mass groups and their respective muon densities are reconstructed at different zenith angle intervals. The results are compared with the expectations of the post-LHC hadronic-interaction models, EPOS-LHC and QGSJET-II-04, in order to test the validity of the model predictions.
Published: 2017

9. Probing the evolution of the EAS muon content in the atmosphere with KASCADE-Grande

Author: A. Chiavassa, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, H.J. Gils, I.M. Brancus, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, B. Mitrica, G. Toma, H. Bozdog, F. Cossavella, C. Morello, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, V. de Souza, M. E. Bertaina, E. Cantoni, J. Milke, K. Link, J. Zabierowski, Andreas Haungs, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mayer, J. Blümer, T. Pierog, R. Glasstetter, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, A. Weindl, D. Heck, H. Rebel, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, Ralph Engel, Karl-Heinz Kampert, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, S. Ostapchenko, J. Oehlschläger, Jörg R. Hörandel, G.C. Trinchero, Claus Grupen, Markus Roth, T. Huege, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, H. J. Mathes, F.G. Schröder, and K. Bekk
Subjects: Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Hadronic interaction models, 01 natural sciences, KASCADE-Grande, Nuclear physics, Atmosphere, Maschinenbau, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Zenith, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation length, Muon component, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Attenuation, ASTROFÍSICA, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The evolution of the muon content of very high energy air showers (EAS) in the atmosphere is investigated with data of the KASCADE-Grande observatory. For this purpose, the muon attenuation length in the atmosphere is obtained to $\Lambda_\mu = 1256 \, \pm 85 \, ^{+229}_{-232}(\mbox{syst})\, \mbox{g/cm}^2$ from the experimental data for shower energies between $10^{16.3}$ and $10^{17.0} \, \mbox{eV}$. Comparison of this quantity with predictions of the high-energy hadronic interaction models QGSJET-II-02, SIBYLL 2.1, QGSJET-II-04 and EPOS-LHC reveals that the attenuation of the muon content of measured EAS in the atmosphere is lower than predicted. Deviations are, however, less significant with the post-LHC models. The presence of such deviations seems to be related to a difference between the simulated and the measured zenith angle evolutions of the lateral muon density distributions of EAS, which also causes a discrepancy between the measured absorption lengths of the density of shower muons and the predicted ones at large distances from the EAS core. The studied deficiencies show that all four considered hadronic interaction models fail to describe consistently the zenith angle evolution of the muon content of EAS in the aforesaid energy regime., Comment: Published in Astroparticle Physics 95 (2017) 25-43
Published: 2017

10. Muon content in air showers between 10 PeV and 1 EeV determined from measurements with KASCADE-Grande

Author: D. Rivera-Rangel, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, T. Huege, G. C. Trinchero, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, C. Morello, J.R. Hörandel, F. Cossavella, Kai Daumiller, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, R. Glasstetter, Frank G. Schröder, Claus Grupen, T. Pierog, J. Oehlschläger, H.J. Gils, H. J. Mathes, J. Blümer, G. Toma, V. de Souza, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, K. Link, E. Cantoni, A. Haungs, S. Schoo, J. Zabierowski, H. Schieler, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, W. D. Apel, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, D. Heck, K. H. Kampert, P. Łuczak, P. Doll, R. Engel, S. Ostapchenko, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, and H. Bozdog
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, Shower, Air shower, KASCADE, Content (measure theory), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Zenith
Abstract: Muons in extensive air showers (EAS) are a sensitive probe for the primary cosmic ray mass and the physics of hadronic interactions at very high energies, hence it is important to precisely measure and carefully analyze this particular shower component. In practice, however, such measurements are difficult to carry out due to the penetrating nature of muons and their low density in the shower. This way just in a few experimental facilities the shower muon component has been measured event-by-event in combination with other EAS observables. One of them was the multicomponent air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande, which was designed to study cosmic rays in the energy interval from $1$ PeV to $1$ EeV and was located at the site of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany at $110$ m a.s.l. In this work, we will present an analysis of the KASCADE-Grande data in terms of the muon content ($E_\mu > 230$ MeV) of cosmic-ray induced air showers as a function of the primary energy (E = $10$ PeV $- 1$ EeV) and the zenith angle ($< 35^\circ$). We test also the predictions on the shower muon content of the post-LHC hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL 2.3 and SIBYLL 2.3c by comparing the model expectations with experimental results.
Published: 2019

11. Recent results from the KASCADE-Grande data analysis

Author: K. Link, T. Huege, A. Haungs, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, J. Oehlschläger, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, Claus Grupen, S. Schoo, S. Ostapchenko, H. Schieler, A. Weindl, H. Bozdog, F. Cossavella, H. J. Mathes, A. Chiavassa, R. Glasstetter, C. Morello, M. E. Bertaina, J. Blümer, P. Doll, H. Ulrich, J. Milke, Jörg R. Hörandel, V. de Souza, B. Mitrica, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, F.G. Schröder, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, H.J. Gils, I.M. Brancus, Kai Daumiller, W. D. Apel, D. Huber, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, K. H. Kampert, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Octavian Sima, E. Cantoni, H.J. Mayer, G.C. Trinchero, D. Heck, Ralph Engel, T. Pierog, D. Fuhrmann, and G. Toma
Subjects: Physics, Data collection, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics
Abstract: KASCADE, together with its extension KASCADE-Grande measured individual air showers of cosmic rays in the primary energy range of 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The data collection was fully completed at the end of 2013 and the experiment was dismantled. However, the data analysis is still in progress. Recently, we published a new result on upper limits to the flux of ultra-high energy gamma rays, which set constraints on some fundamental astrophysical models. We also use the data to investigate the validity of the new hadronic interactions models like SIBYLL version 2.3c or EPOS-LHC. In addition, we updated and improved the webbased platform of the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Centre (KCDC), where now the data from KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande of more than 20 years measurements is available, including corresponding Monte-Carlo simulated events based on three different hadronic interaction models. In this contribution, recent results from KASCADE-Grande and the update of KCDC is briefly discussed.
Published: 2019
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12. Study of themuon content of high-energy air showers with KASCADE-Grande

Author: A. Chiavassa, J. Blümer, C. Morello, T. Huege, A. Weindl, H. Bozdog, D. Rivera-Rangel, V. de Souza, Claus Grupen, Jörg R. Hörandel, E. Cantoni, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, Kai Daumiller, T. Pierog, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Markus Roth, J. Oehlschläger, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, P. Łuczak, G.C. Trinchero, F. Di Pierro, K. Bekk, H. J. Mathes, F.G. Schröder, I.M. Brancus, R. Glasstetter, G. Toma, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, K. H. Kampert, D. Heck, H.J. Gils, H.J. Mayer, P. Doll, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, D. Fuhrmann, M. E. Bertaina, H. Rebel, J. Milke, F. Cossavella, S. Schoo, W. D. Apel, H. Schieler, S. Ostapchenko, Ralph Engel, H. Ulrich, and B. Mitrica
Subjects: Physics, Technology, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Hadron, Attenuation length, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Shower, KASCADE, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, ddc:600, Zenith
Abstract: In this work, we report measurements on the muon content (Eth > 230 MeV) of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by cosmic rays with primary energy from 10 PeV up to 1 EeV performed with the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The measurements are confronted with SIBYLL 2.3. The results are focused on the dependence of the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS on the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles in the shower. We also present updated results of a detailed study of the attenuation length of shower muons, which reveal a deviation between the measured data and the predictions of the post-LHC hadronic interaction models SIBYLL 2.3, QGSJET-II-04 and EPOS-LHC.
Published: 2019

13. Tests of the SIBYLL 2.3 high-energy hadronic interaction model using the KASCADE-Grande muon data

Author: H. Rebel, J. Wochele, S. Schoo, P. Łuczak, Octavian Sima, Markus Roth, H. Schieler, H. Bozdog, G. Toma, D. Heck, J. Blümer, W. D. Apel, F. Cossavella, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, B. Mitrica, K. Bekk, G.C. Trinchero, Ralph Engel, H.J. Mayer, K. H. Kampert, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, Jörg R. Hörandel, D. Fuhrmann, C. Morello, H. Ulrich, P. Doll, A. Weindl, H.J. Gils, M. E. Bertaina, D. Rivera-Rangel, A. Chiavassa, J. Milke, Claus Grupen, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, I.M. Brancus, H. J. Mathes, F.G. Schröder, V. de Souza, E. Cantoni, F. Di Pierro, T. Pierog, T. Huege, J. Oehlschläger, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, R. Glasstetter, and S. Ostapchenko
Subjects: Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Attenuation length, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Maschinenbau, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Zenith
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande observatory was a ground-based air shower array dedicated to study the energy and composition of cosmic rays in the energy interval E = 1 PeV –1 EeV. The experiment consisted of different detector systems which allowed the simultaneous measurement of distinct components of air showers (EAS), such as the muon content. In this contribution, we study the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS detected by KASCADE-Grande as a function of the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles. The attenuation length of the muon content of EAS is also measured. The results are compared with the predictions of the SIBYLL 2.3 high-energy hadronic interaction model.
Published: 2018

14. Cosmic Ray Physics with the KASCADE-Grande Observatory

Author: D. Kang, H.O. Klages, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, H.J. Gils, H. Ulrich, R. Glasstetter, P. Doll, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Jörg R. Hörandel, F.G. Schröder, K. Bekk, Kai Daumiller, V. de Souza, A. Chiavassa, J. Blümer, E. Cantoni, J. Wochele, F. Cossavella, Octavian Sima, H. Rebel, G.C. Trinchero, F. Di Pierro, D. Heck, T. Pierog, H. Bozdog, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, Ralph Engel, T. Huege, Markus Roth, S. Ostapchenko, K. H. Kampert, W. D. Apel, A. Weindl, C. Morello, I.M. Brancus, B. Mitrica, H.J. Mayer, D. Fuhrmann, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, Claus Grupen, P. Łuczak, G. Toma, and Kawata, K.
Subjects: Physics, KASCADE, Observatory, Astronomy, JPS Conference Proceedings, Flux, Cosmic ray, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 184360.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2018

15. Lateral distributions of EAS muons (Eμ>800 MeV) measured with the KASCADE-Grande Muon Tracking Detector in the primary energy range 1016–1017eV

Author: A. Chiavassa, Markus Roth, J. Engler, F. Cossavella, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, M. E. Bertaina, K. H. Kampert, J. Milke, K. Link, H. Rebel, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, J. Oehlschläger, A. Haungs, F. Di Pierro, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, S. Schoo, J. Zabierowski, H. Schieler, W. D. Apel, H.J. Gils, K. Bekk, P. Doll, B. Fuchs, H. J. Mathes, B. Mitrica, Ralph Engel, J. Blümer, T. Huege, F.G. Schröder, Claus Grupen, R. Glasstetter, D. Kang, H.J. Mayer, H.O. Klages, I.M. Brancus, G. C. Trinchero, Kai Daumiller, D. Huber, D. Fuhrmann, V. de Souza, H. Bozdog, E. Cantoni, T. Pierog, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, C. Morello, A. Weindl, Jörg R. Hörandel, and J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Scintillation counter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Zenith
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande large area (128 m2) Muon Tracking Detector has been built with the aim to identify muons ( E μ thr = 800 MeV) in Extensive Air Showers by track measurements under 18 r.l. shielding. This detector provides high-accuracy angular information (approx. 0.3 ° ) for muons up to 700 m distance from the shower core. In this work we present the lateral density distributions of muons in EAS measured with the Muon Tracking Detector of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The density is calculated by counting muon tracks in a muon-to-shower-axis distance range from 100 m to 610 m from showers with reconstructed energy of 10 16 – 10 17 eV and zenith angle θ 18 ° . In the distance range covered by the experiment, these distributions are well described by functions phenomenologically determined already in the fifties (of the last century) by Greisen. They are compared also with the distributions obtained with the KASCADE scintillator array ( E μ thr = 230 MeV) and with distributions obtained using simulated showers.
Published: 2015

16. The nature and origin of ultra high-energy cosmic rays

Author: J. R. Hörandel, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, I. Fajardo Tapia, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, A. Gascon, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giller, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, A. Guzman, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, A. Horneffer, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier Selvon, I. Lhenry Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H. H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, J. R., Hörandel for the Auger Collaboration, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, M., Cilmo, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, J. R., Hörandel, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, I., Fajardo Tapia, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, A., Guzman, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, A., Horneffer, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, C. G., Tavera Ruiz, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysical source, General Physics and Astronomy, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Ray, Particle detector, Cosmology, Radiation flux, Optics, Measuring instrument, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract: The Earth is exposed to a permanent rain of cosmic particles from outer space [1]. Most of the particles are fully ionised atomic nuclei, moving with relativistic energies. The bulk of them with energies up to 1017 eV originate within our Milky Way. They are most likely accel- erated in supernova remnants. Some particles have a thousand times higher energies, i.e., around 1020 eV. This corresponds to the kinetic energy of a tennis ball with a mass of 50 g and a velocity of 90 km/h
Published: 2012

17. The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: E. J. Ahn, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Maria-Teresa Dova, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, T. Huege, A. Parra, E. Petermann, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. F. Barbosa, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, B. García, M. S. Sutherland, A. Filipcic, R. F. Gamarra, E. Moreno, S. R. Gozzini, Sofia Andringa, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Carola Dobrigkeit, I. Valiño, Christopher Morris, M. A. Muller, G. Marsella, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Kégl, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, H.O. Klages, Alan Watson, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, K. B. Barber, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, R. E. Burton, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, G. Rodriguez, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, K. Link, U. Fröhlich, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafá, Martin Erdmann, L. Valore, J. Allen, A. P. Ferguson, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ugo Giaccari, Dariusz Gora, G. P. Guedes, A. Gorgi, A. Shadkam, M. Palatka, J. Pe¸kala, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Karhan, V. Scherini, A. Lemiere, P. W. Younk, B. Keilhauer, Roger W Clay, M. Urban, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, B. Zamorano, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, K. Louedec, P. Gonçalves, Mariangela Settimo, S. J. Sciutto, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, J. L. Harton, Alexey Yushkov, Azadeh Keivani, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, Paul Sommers, N. Palmieri, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, C. Aramo, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Pierog, Dusan Mandat, O. Tascau, Brian Fick, P. Mantsch, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, D. Heck, Aaron S. Chou, Jose Chinellato, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Allard, P. Lautridou, A. C. Fauth, S. Jiraskova, F. Kuehn, S. Mollerach, E. Menichetti, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, Heino Falcke, Z. Szadkowski, T. Rossler, Vasiliki Pavlidou, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. R. Vázquez, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, E. Roulet, G. Wieczorek, M. Stephan, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. W. Cronin, A. Menshikov, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, J. D. Hague, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, T. Schmidt, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, Vincenzo Rizi, A. E. Herve, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Rautenberg, H. Schieler, D. Martello, H. Lyberis, C. Riviere, R. Ulrich, J. D. Swain, M. G. Winnick, L. R. Wiencke, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, B. Revenu, Karl-Heinz Kampert, T. Tarutina, J. Rosado, O. Krömer, J. Petrovic, H. J. Mathes, O. Wainberg, Antonella Castellina, E. Strazzeri, M. Ziolkowski, Domenico Tegolo, M. Ludwig, K. Weidenhaupt, Lorenzo Cazon, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, R. Bonino, Nataliia Borodai, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Marcos Santander, M. Prouza, O. Martínez Bravo, V. H. Ponce, P. Abreu, I. M. Pepe, Maria Rita Coluccia, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Golup, J. Kleinfeller, F. Suarez, N. Kunka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Sergio Dasso, H. Blümer, G. De La Vega, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Pimenta, D. Ravignani, B. Wilczyńska, Warner A. Miller, R. M. de Almeida, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, W. C. Brown, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, N. T. Thao, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, Luis A. Anchordoqui, G. Parente, M. Ave, E. Trovato, Daniel Kuempel, M. Gómez Berisso, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, R. C. Shellard, K. Kotera, J. Stapleton, J. Rodriguez Rojo, S. Maldera, E. Kemp, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Tonachini, M. Platino, H. R. Marquez Falcon, A. Tamashiro, F. Arqueros, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, A. Tapia, P. Necesal, L. Nožka, H. Gemmeke, Enrique Zas, A. D. Supanitsky, Y. Petrov, Hernán Asorey, P. Brogueira, C. Pfendner, D.V. Semikoz, M. Unger, Martina Bohacova, S. Westerhoff, J. Sorokin, T. Bäcker, D. Warner, C. E. Santo, R. D. Parsons, M. Wommer, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, A. Schmidt, H. Wahlberg, B. R. Becker, G. Tristram, T. Šuša, C. Di Giulio, N. Pacheco, F. Ionita, Fernando Contreras, Corbin Covault, R. Bruijn, Francisco J. Blanco, M. Ortiz, V. Marin, B. Gookin, B. Morales, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, S. J. De Jong, J. Chauvin, I. Zaw, D. B. Tridapalli, F. Gomez Albarracin, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, M. Avenier, A. Segreto, D. Thomas, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, A. Cordier, J. Coppens, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, E. J. Quel, S. Mueller, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, Radomir Smida, Béatrice Fuchs, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, A. Filevich, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, A. Ferrero, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, R. Pesce, J. C. dos Anjos, A. Bellétoile, J. Schovancova, G. Decerprit, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, D. Garcia-Pinto, P. T. Nhung, I. C. Mariş, Rúben Conceição, S. Fliescher, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Schiffer, S. Schulte, A. Curutiu, S. Gambetta, C. Lachaud, A. Italiano, R. Piegaia, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, A. Aminaei, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, K. Arisaka, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, M. Will, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Javier Tiffenberg, W. Tkaczyk, Ivor Fleck, Petr Schovanek, G. Yuan, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, A. Denkiewicz, T. Antičić, H. Schoorlemmer, E. Santos, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, M. Blanco, R. Pelayo, S. Navas, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, R. A. Vázquez, D. K. Tiwari, P. A. Kasper, L. Winders, S. Grebe, S. Petrera, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, T. Paul, M. Nyklicek, N. Phan, M. Pontz, G. Medina-Tanco, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Tonia M. Venters, Denise Boncioli, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, German Ros, N. Krohm, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, H. Wilczyński, Matthias Balzer, P. Billoir, M. Tueros, L. del Peral, W. Fulgione, O. Ravel, Peter L. Biermann, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, Paolo Privitera, M. Gold, H. Rivera, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Melo, U. Cotti, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, J. Parrisius, A. Weindl, Iván Sidelnik, M. Kaducak, G. Cataldi, V. Verzi, C. Meurer, H. Cook, J. K. Kulbartz, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, A. Della Selva, J. L. Navarro, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Daniel Gonzalez, M. Videla, E. Parizot, J. C. Diaz, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, Y. Guardincerri, B. Tome, M. McEwen, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, A. Stutz, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, H., Dembinski, A., Denkiewicz, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, D., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, A., Gascon, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, K., Gesterling, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, D., Góra, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovský, T., Huege, M., Hussain, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafá, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P. T., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R. D., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou c, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, N., Phan, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Rivière, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schüssler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, A., Smialkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, L., Winder, M. G., Winnick, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, A. V., Yushkov, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E.J, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arisaka, K, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Balzer, M, Barber, K.B, Barbosa, A.F, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S.L.C, Baughman, B, Beatty, J.J, Becker, B.R, Becker, K.H, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, J.A, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bergmann, T, Bertou, X, Biermann, P.L, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W.C, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R.E, Busca, N.G, Caballero-Mora, K.S, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J.A, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, R.W, Colombo, E, Coluccia, M.R, Conceião, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M.J, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, C.E, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B.R, De Almeida, R.M, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S.J, De La Vega, G, De Mello Junior, W.J.M, De Mello Neto, J.R.T, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K.D, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Della Selva, A, Dembinski, H, Denkiewicz, A, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, J.C, Díaz Castro, M.L, Diep, P.N, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J.C, Dong, P.N, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J.C, Dova, M.T, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C.O, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A.C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A.P, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C.E, Fraenkel, E.D, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, R.F, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gascon, A, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P.L, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M.S, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J.G, Gookin, B, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S.R, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, A.F, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G.P, Hague, J.D, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, J.L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A.E, Hojvat, C, Holmes, V.C, Homola, P, Hörandel, J.R, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kaducak, M, Kampert, K.H, Karhan, P, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J.L, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R.M, Klages, H.O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D.-H, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J.K, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leão, M.S.A.B, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M.A, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, MacCarone, M.C, MacOlino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A.G, Marin, V, Maris, I.C, Marquez Falcon, H.R, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, H.J, Matthews, J, Matthews, J.A.J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P.O, McEwen, M, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meurer, C, Mičanović, S, Micheletti, M.I, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J.C, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Mueller, S, Muller, M.A, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J.L, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nhung, P.T, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parrisius, J, Parsons, R.D, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I.M, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V.H, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E.J, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rivire, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, M.D, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A.C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, C.E, Santos, E, Santos, E.M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S.J, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R.C, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G.R, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A.D, Šuša, T, Sutherland, M.S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tarutina, T, Tacu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, N.T, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D.K, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C.J, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D.B, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J.F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A.M, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Vázquez, J.R, Vázquez, R.A, Veberič, D, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, A.A, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B.J, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, M.G, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Fluorescence detector, Data acquisition, Auger experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Settore INF/01 - Informatica, Cascada atmosférica extensa, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, trigger, exposure, fluorescence detector, hybrid, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Radiación cósmica, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Exposure, Nuclear physics, Optics, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Hybrid, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], flux, Trigger, Experimental High Energy Physics, business, SYSTEM
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ‘‘hybrid” detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2011

18. KASCADE-Grande Limits on the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Flux between 100 TeV and 1 EeV

Author: J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, E. Cantoni, K. Bekk, D. Heck, W. D. Apel, F.G. Schröder, T. Pierog, G. Toma, P. Łuczak, Jörg R. Hörandel, P. Doll, H. Bozdog, Claus Grupen, M. E. Bertaina, F. Cossavella, Ralph Engel, H.J. Mayer, A. Chiavassa, Z. Feng, F. Di Pierro, K. Link, A. Haungs, H.J. Gils, C. Morello, I.M. Brancus, J. Zabierowski, H. Ulrich, B. Mitrica, R. Glasstetter, S. Ostapchenko, Markus Roth, V. de Souza, J. Blümer, J. Milke, G.C. Trinchero, D. Fuhrmann, K. H. Kampert, H. Rebel, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, A. Weindl, J. Oehlschläger, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, and T. Huege
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, gamma rays: diffuse background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isotropy, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), KASCADE, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande were multi-detector installations to measure individual air showers of cosmic rays at ultra-high energy. Based on data sets measured by KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande, 90% C.L. upper limits to the flux of gamma-rays in the primary cosmic ray flux are determined in an energy range of ${10}^{14} - {10}^{18}$ eV. The analysis is performed by selecting air showers with a low muon content as expected for gamma-ray-induced showers compared to air showers induced by energetic nuclei. The best upper limit of the fraction of gamma-rays to the total cosmic ray flux is obtained at $3.7 \times {10}^{15}$ eV with $1.1 \times {10}^{-5}$. Translated to an absolute gamma-ray flux this sets constraints on some fundamental astrophysical models, such as the distance of sources for at least one of the IceCube neutrino excess models., Published in The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 848, Number 1. Posted on: October 5, 2017
Published: 2017

19. Latest Results of KASCADE-Grande

Author: J. Wochele, H. Bozdog, S. Schoo, J. Oehlschläger, D. Heck, K.Y. Oyulmaz, H. J. Mathes, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, H.J. Gils, K. Link, T. Pierog, Markus Roth, A. Haungs, K. Bekk, A. Weindl, K. H. Kampert, J. Blümer, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, Kai Daumiller, J. Zabierowski, F. Cossavella, B. Mitrica, V. de Souza, E. Cantoni, T. Huege, P. Doll, H. Rebel, G. Toma, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mayer, N. Palmieri, Andrea Chiavassa, I.M. Brancus, M. E. Bertaina, H. Ulrich, G. C. Trinchero, D. Huber, J. Milke, Frank G. Schröder, J.R. Hörandel, W. D. Apel, D. Kang, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H.O. Klages, R. Engel, Claus Grupen, S. Ostapchenko, C. Morello, and R. Glasstetter
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Data set, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Energy spectrum, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment has significantly contributed to the current knowledge about the energy spectrum and composition of cosmic rays for energies between the knee and the ankle. Meanwhile, post-LHC versions of the hadronic interaction models are available and used to interpret the entire data set of KASCADE-Grande. A new, combined analysis of both arrays, KASCADE and Grande, were developed increasing significantly the accuracy of the shower observables. Latest results from the analysis of the entire data set as well as recent activities related to scientific outreach of the KASCADE-Grande experiment are presented.
Published: 2017

20. Measurements of the muon content of EAS in KASCADE-Grande compared with SIBYLL 2.3 predictions

Author: J. Oehlschläger, K. Bekk, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, P. Łuczak, D. Rivera-Rangel, N. Palmieri, A. Weindl, K. Link, T. Pierog, A. Haungs, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, H.J. Gils, J. Zabierowski, R. Engel, Claus Grupen, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. C. Trinchero, Juan Carlos Arteaga-Velázquez, Emilio Chiavassa, H.J. Mayer, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, D. Huber, Frank G. Schröder, M. E. Bertaina, H. Ulrich, F. Cossavella, F. Di Pierro, H. Rebel, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, R. Glasstetter, Vitor de Souza, H. J. Mathes, J. Blümer, J. Wochele, D. Heck, G. Toma, I.M. Brancus, S. Ostapchenko, E. Cantoni, J. Milke, W. D. Apel, P. Doll, Markus Roth, J.R. Hörandel, S. Schoo, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, and K. H. Kampert
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Attenuation length, Cosmic ray, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Observatory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Zenith
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande observatory was a ground-based air shower array devoted to the study of the energy and composition of cosmic rays with energies from $1$ PeV to $1$ EeV. The experiment consisted of different detector systems which allowed the simultaneous measurement of distinct components of the air showers (EAS), such as the muon content. In this contribution, we study the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS detected by KASCADE-Grande. The data are analyzed as a function of the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles. The attenuation length of the muon content of EAS is also measured. The results are compared with the predictions of the SIBYLL $2.3$ hadronic interaction model.
Published: 2017

21. A new analysis of the combined data from both KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande

Author: H. Bozdog, S. Ostapchenko, R. Engel, H. Rebel, M. E. Bertaina, G. C. Trinchero, Claus Grupen, J. Milke, E. Cantoni, H. J. Mathes, K. Link, S. Schoo, Octavian Sima, A. Haungs, J.R. Hörandel, D. Kang, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, H. Schieler, H.O. Klages, J. Zabierowski, F. Di Pierro, F. Cossavella, A. Weindl, D. Fuhrmann, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, I.M. Brancus, K. H. Kampert, Markus Roth, K. Bekk, C. Morello, J. Oehlschläger, B. Mitrica, T. Pierog, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, H.J. Gils, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, T. Huege, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Huber, Frank G. Schröder, Kai Daumiller, J. Blümer, Vitor de Souza, R. Glasstetter, J. Wochele, D. Heck, H. Ulrich, and G. Toma
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray
Abstract: KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande were detector arrays for the measurement of extensive air showers generated by high-energy cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV energy range. KASCADE-Grande has been operated for more than two decades and completed the data taking at the end of 2013. Now, a new analysis of the combined data from the arrays of KASCADE and KASCADE-Grande was performed, increasing both the effective area and the accuracy of the shower reconstruction. In addition, new versions of post-LHC hadronic interaction models are used to interpret the combined data. First results from the new combined analysis confirming earlier observations of spectral features, but also unveiling still existing inconsistencies of the models, will be discussed in this contribution.
Published: 2017

22. KASCADE-Grande energy reconstruction based on the lateral density distribution using the QGSJet-II.04 interaction model

Author: R. Engel, K. Link, J. Oehlschläger, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, G. C. Trinchero, J.R. Hörandel, H.J. Gils, D. Huber, J. Zabierowski, G. Toma, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, Frank G. Schröder, P. Łuczak, S. Schoo, Octavian Sima, N. Palmieri, H. Schieler, H. J. Mathes, Claus Grupen, S. Ostapchenko, W. D. Apel, Markus Roth, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, M. Bertania, K. H. Kampert, F. Cossavella, D. Kang, J. Milke, H.O. Klages, P. Doll, F. Di Pierro, I.M. Brancus, E. Cantoni, D. Fuhrmann, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, B. Mitrica, R. Glasstetter, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Weindl, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, C. Morello, D. Heck, Kai Daumiller, V. de Souza, and T. Huege
Subjects: Physics, Primary energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Hadron, Interaction model, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Density distribution, Simulated data, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The charged particle densities obtained from CORSIKA simulated EAS, using the QGSJet-II.04 hadronic interaction model are used for primary energy reconstruction. Simulated data are reconstructed by using Lateral Energy Correction Functions computed with a new realistic model of the Grande stations implemented in Geant4.10.
Published: 2017
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23. Latest results from the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: P. Doll, C. Morello, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, B. Mitrica, E. Cantoni, T. Huege, C. Curcio, J. Oehlschläger, D. Huber, K. Bekk, H. Bozdog, H. J. Mathes, Andreas Haungs, M. Ludwig, Claus Grupen, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H. Ulrich, K. Link, T. Pierog, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, M. Petcu, J. Blümer, J. Zabierowski, K. H. Kampert, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, G.C. Trinchero, F.G. Schröder, R. Glasstetter, A. Weindl, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. Rebel, Kai Daumiller, I.M. Brancus, J. Wochele, Markus Roth, V. de Souza, Octavian Sima, W. D. Apel, M. Melissas, S. Schoo, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Engler, D. Heck, A. Chiavassa, Béatrice Fuchs, H.J. Mayer, H. Schieler, Ralph Engel, G. Toma, F. Cossavella, S. Ostapchenko, and H.J. Gils
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Electromagnetic spectrum, Astronomy, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Maschinenbau, Anisotropy, Instrumentation
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment operated at KIT from January 2004 to November 2012, measuring EAS generated by primary cosmic rays in the 10 16 –10 18 eV energy range. The experiment detected, for each single event, with a high resolution, the total number of charged particles ( N ch ) and of muons ( N μ ). In this contribution we present the latest results about: (i) The measurement of the all particle energy spectrum, discussing the influence of the hadronic interaction model used to derive the energy calibration of the experimental data. (ii) The energy spectra derived separating the events according to the N μ / N ch ratio. This technique allowed us to unveil a steepening of the spectrum of heavy primaries at E ~ 10 16.92 ± 0.04 eV and a hardening of the spectrum of light primaries at E ~ 10 17.08 ± 0.08 eV . (iii) The elemental spectra (for five mass groups) obtained applying a detailed unfolding analysis technique. (iv) A search for large scale anisotropies.
Published: 2014

24. Bounds on the density of sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Martina Bohacova, N. Nierstenhoefer, J. Sorokin, R. F. Gamarra, L. Nozka, G. P. Guedes, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurel, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, F. Guarino, John Matthews, T. Huege, A. Parra, Philipp Mertsch, D. Veberǐc, G. Golup, P. L. Ghia, Peter Buchholz, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, A. F. Barbosa, M. Lauscher, A. Belĺetoile, I.M. Brancus, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, H. Glass, N. Kunka, H. Blümer, Marco Aglietta, K. B. Barber, G. La Rosa, L. del Peral, Markus Ahlers, B. Revenu, O. Ravel, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, H. J. Mathes, B. García, Mario Scuderi, B. Mitrica, B. Gookin, M. Weber, J. Schovancova, U. Fröhlich, Alina Mihaela Badescu, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, J. Chauvin, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, D. Monnier Ragaigne, E. Varela, N. Griffith, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, L. Villasẽnor, C. De Donato, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, P. Karhan, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, Carola Dobrigkeit, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, G. De La Vega, M. Pontz, R. E. Burton, C. Pfendner, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, N. Pacheco, E. Menichetti, A. Smia Lkowski, J. Kleinfeller, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, E. J. Ahn, A. Tonachini, J. Chirinos Diaz, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, P. Wahrlich, G. Navarra, G. Matthiae, R. Şḿida, H. Spinka, D. Lebrun, B. Rouilĺe-Dörfeuil, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, Markus Roth, J. R. Ḧorandel, G. Cocciolo, Javier Tiffenberg, Alan Watson, J. Pallotta, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, J. Coppens, E. J. Quel, J. Rodriguez Rojo, H. Dembinski, M. A. Muller, M. Prouza, Martin Erdmann, C. A. Moura, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, Subir Sarkar, D. Heck, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, L. Nellen, M. Szuba, G. Garilli, Brian Fick, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, F.G. Schröder, G. Marsella, Enrique Zas, S. Mollerach, S. Grebe, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, N. Fazzini, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, A. Filevich, F. Werner, C. Morauthello, J. Bäuml, R. Squartini, A. Weindl, Denise Boncioli, E. Roulet, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Elton J. G. Santos, T. Paul, K. Link, P. Abreu, Gualberto Avila, C. Di Giulio, S. Maldera, Peter Gorham, Fernando Contreras, S. Gambetta, B. Wilczyńska, R. Piegaia, German Ros, D. Ravignani, J. R. Vázquez, Ingomar Allekotte, J. Alvarez-Mũniz, K. D. de Vries, Roger W Clay, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, L. Collica, W. Docters, M. Ludwig, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Alexey Yushkov, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, Miroslav Pech, D. Maurizio, A. Haungs, J. L. Harton, Corbin Covault, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, P. T. Nhung, J. Rosado, O. Fratu, M. L. Díaz Castro, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, V. H. Ponce, D. Martraire, L. Perrone, Azadeh Keivani, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, G. Farrar, J. C. Moreno, G. Medina-Tanco, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, A. C. Fauth, C. Aramo, M. Tueros, Pavel Horvath, Y. Petrov, M. S. Sutherland, M. Urban, G. van Aar, T. A. Harrison, Piotr Homola, Luis A. Anchordoqui, V. Marin, M. Stephan, P. Mantsch, A. van Vliet, F. Suarez, H. H. Silva Lopez, Sergio Dasso, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, C. Bleve, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, A. Criss, Vincenzo Rizi, Jose A. Bellido, Maria-Teresa Dova, P. Facal San Luis, Juan Manuel Figueira, Pham Ngoc Diep, Lino Miramonti, Z. Szadkowski, M. Josebachuili, J. Neuser, K. Kotera, Dusan Mandat, Sofia Andringa, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, R. Alves Batista, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Gómez Berisso, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, S. Le Coz, R. C. Shellard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, R. Pelayo, P. Pieroni, Roberta Colalillo, O. Martínez Bravo, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. C. Hill, A. G. Mariazzi, G. Torralba Elipe, M. Malacari, J. Gitto, Peter L. Biermann, Heino Falcke, M. Platino, F. Diogo, T. Niggemann, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, G. Varner, J. Oehlschläger, C. Jarne, Jing Zhou, Yunrong Zhu, T. Antǐci'c, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, B. Ḱegl, F. Arqueros, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, P. Necesal, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, N. Krohm, L. Valore, L. Buroker, J. Vicha, B. Morales, R. M. de Almeida, O. Krömer, A. Stutz, A.M. van den Berg, G. Wieczorek, E. D. Fraenkel, M. Tartare, G. Toma, L. Niemietz, I. C. Mariş, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, J. W. Cronin, M. Wommer, S. Stanič, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Paolo Privitera, S. Mićanović, B. Zamorano Garcia, S. Fliescher, M. Risse, M. S.A.B. Lẽao, J. D. Swain, I. Rodriguez Cabo, F. Gomez Albarracin, Kai Daumiller, Jose Chinellato, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Lautridou, B. Toḿe, J. Espadanal, Johannes Schulz, R. Meyhandan, M. Pimenta, A. Widom, M. Ortiz, D. LaHurd, J. Roberts, M. Palatka, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, J. Maller, G. Parente, P. W. Younk, R. J. Lauer, R. M. Kieckhafer, A. Gorgi, S. Westerhoff, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, P. Ristori, B. Baughmanc, J. Pȩkala, R. Bonino, Lorenzo Cazon, M. Zimbres Silva, I. A. Minaya, J. Stapleton, S. Jansen, H. R. Marquez Falcon, J. Rautenberg, P. Gonçalves, O. Wainberg, A. Porcelli, N. Palmieri, M. Buscemi, Alejandro Almela, S. Jiraskova, Miguel Mostafá, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, S. Messina, L. Caramete, M. Will, D. Huber, Nataliia Borodai, S. van Velzen, A. Menshikov, A. Filip̧cǐc, M. Melissas, A. Curutiu, M. Hrabovsḱy, K. Weidenhaupt, M. D. Rodŕiguez-Fŕias, R. Pesce, M. Gold, O. Tascau, W. C. Brown, B. Caccianiga, H.O. Klages, H. Rivera, W. Tkaczyk, A. Nelles, T. Rossler, J. C. Marin, D. Schuster, H. Schieler, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Iván Sidelnik, G. Yuan, A. P. Ferguson, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, I. Valĩno, H. Cook, Paul Sommers, L. Martin, Lu Lu, P. Brogueira, Marco Cilmo, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, P. Gouffon, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, T. Šuša, B. Keilhauer, P. N. Dong, S. J. Sciutto, M. J. Cooper, F. Ionita, D. Kruppke-Hansen, S. J. De Jong, B. Wundheiler, F. Sánchez, I. Zaw, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Gregory R Snow, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, M. Blanco, L. R. Wiencke, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, L. Latronico, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, I. M. Pepe, S. Navas, R. A. Vázquez, P. A. Kasper, D. Garcia-Pinto, S. Petrera, Maria Rita Coluccia, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, P. Allison, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, R. Dallier, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, M. I. Micheletti, Rúben Conceição, C. Meurer, J. J. Maśias Meza, J. K. Kulbartz, F. Salamida, E. M. Santos, D. Melo, I. Katkov, David Walz, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, P.O. Mazur, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Straub, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, M. Zavrtanik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, European Commission, Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. 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Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Buscemi, Mario, Colalillo, Roberta, Cilmo, Marco, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, and The Pierre Auger, Collaboration
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, ultra high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, NUMBER, Observatory, Cosmic ray experiments, 0103 physical sciences, ultra-high energy cosmic ray, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Luminosity function, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Range (particle radiation), SPECTRUM, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Astronomía, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, Magnitude (astronomy), Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astronomia, Física nuclear, cosmic ray experiments, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We derive lower bounds on the density of sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays from the lack of significant clustering in the arrival directions of the highest energy events detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The density of uniformly distributed sources of equal intrinsic intensity was found to be larger than similar to (0.06 – 5) x 10(-4) Mpc(-3) at 95% CL, depending on the magnitude of the magnetic defections. Similar bounds, in the range (0.2 – 7) x 10(-4) Mpc(-3), were obtained for sources following the local matter distribution., We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support,: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La, Provincia de Ailendoza. Municipalidad de Malargile. INDM floldings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access. Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e 'Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacdo de Amparo a Pesquisa do Est ado de Rio de Janeiro (FAP HRJ), Fundacdo de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sdo Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (IVICT), Brazil; AVCR AVOZ10100502 and AVOZ10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, AISMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, 1VIEB111003, MSAI0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA U.K. 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul I-N2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la -Recherche Scientifique ((1 NRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, f)epartement, Physique Nuclealre et Corpusculaire (I N( Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DITG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, flelmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerimn fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-WUrttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazion ale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, delhLniversita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onden s Cultuur on NVetenschap Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Rmdamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISETD1 partnership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1 /ASPERA2/20I2 ERA-NET and PN-IIRU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Romania; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and 'Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (( PAN), X unta de Galicia Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United kingdom; Department of Luergy, Contract Nos. DE-ACO2-07(11-111359, DE-FR02-04E1(41300, DE-FG02-99E1(41107, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation U.S.A.; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/HPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Frarneworlc Program. Grant No. IIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.
Published: 2013

25. Description of atmospheric conditions at the Pierre Auger Observatory using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS)

Author: G. De La Vega, J. Rodriguez Rojo, L. Molina-Bueno, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, E. Kemp, A. Criss, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, C. J. Todero Peixoto, D. Monnier Ragaigne, C. Pfendner, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, Yunrong Zhu, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, N. Pacheco, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, U. Giaccari, A. Italiano, L. Tomankova, M. Ortiz, N. Krohm, Petr Schovanek, I. C. Mariş, S. Fliescher, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, C. Lachaud, A. Curutiu, B. Caccianiga, Y. Petrov, M. I. Micheletti, M. Gold, M. S. A. B. Leão, A. G. Mariazzi, H. Rivera, R. Pesce, G. Rodriguez, B. R. Becker, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, J. Rosado, E. Moreno, R. F. Gamarra, Ralph Engel, R. Gaior, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, A. Guzman, C. Bleve, J. C. Marin, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, V. Marin, D. H. Koang, S. H. Cheng, J. Ridky, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, R. Dallier, L. del Peral, O. Ravel, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, M. Ave, E. Trovato, M. Gómez Berisso, C. Macolino, A. Stutz, M. Risse, M. Prouza, D. Allard, A. Bellétoile, R. C. Shellard, F. Suarez, C. Hojvat, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Iván Sidelnik, A. Nelles, Sergio Dasso, G. P. Guedes, Jan Ebr, A. F. Barbosa, I. Fajardo Tapia, Balázs Kégl, S. Schulte, Alexey Yushkov, H. Cook, O. Fratu, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Revenu, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, O. Martínez Bravo, R. M. Kieckhafer, A. Creusot, J. Rautenberg, G. Golup, N. Kunka, H. Blümer, G. Tristram, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, M. Melissas, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Markus Ahlers, E. Varela, N. Griffith, O. Wainberg, D. Huber, W. C. Brown, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, J. Coppens, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, M. Wommer, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Jose Chinellato, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, P. Lautridou, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, C. Jarne, T. Huege, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, A. Letessier-Selvon, T. A. Harrison, H.O. Klages, T. Hebbeker, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, A. P. Ferguson, R. E. Burton, Philipp Mertsch, R. Pelayo, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. Kleinfeller, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, T. Šuša, F. Ionita, S. Gambetta, Julien Aublin, F. Werner, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Lu Lu, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, P. Brogueira, R. Piegaia, Lorenzo Cazon, I. A. Minaya, Pedro Assis, C. De Donato, N. T. Thao, J. Oehlschläger, J. Schovancova, G. Parente, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Javier Tiffenberg, M. Platino, L. Valore, J. Pȩkala, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, R. Conceião, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, M. Josebachuili, J. Neuser, S. Le Coz, B. Keilhauer, G. Navarra, Daniel Kuempel, E. Menichetti, D. Kruppke-Hansen, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, O. Krömer, L. Niemietz, G. Salina, B. Wundheiler, Carlos Escobar, B. Gookin, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, S. Grebe, C. A. Moura, S. L.C. Barroso, H. R. Marquez Falcon, J. D. Swain, Gregory R Snow, Olivier Deligny, S. J. Sciutto, Brian Fick, J. Chauvin, R. Squartini, Alina Mihaela Badescu, U. Fröhlich, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, C. E. Santo, F. Salamida, Francisco J. Blanco, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, G. Matthiae, I. De Mitri, A. Saftoiu, M. Pimenta, J. Roberts, Alejandro Almela, A. Segreto, T. Paul, P. Karhan, D. Garcia-Gamez, A. Smialkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, A. Aminaei, M. Blanco, S. T. Garcia Roca, F. Gomez Albarracin, J. Allen, M. Zimbres Silva, C. E. Fracchiolla, J. Stasielak, H. Spinka, S. Coutu, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, Markus Roth, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, S. Stanič, Radomir Smida, L. Latronico, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, J. Stapleton, R. Bruijn, J. Chirinos Diaz, D. D'Urso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, A. Gorgi, G. Medina-Tanco, S. Navas, P. Hansen, P. Gonalves, D. Garcia-Pinto, H. H. Silva Lopez, J. R. Vázquez, Corbin Covault, R. A. Vázquez, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, M. Pontz, A. Chiavassa, E. Petermann, Dusan Mandat, D. Nitz, Y. Guardincerri, P. A. Kasper, A. E. Herve, A. Filipčič, Jörg R. Hörandel, Gualberto Avila, Subir Sarkar, B. García, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, A. Gascon, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. A. Muller, N. Palmieri, S. Petrera, S. Jiraskova, R. López, L. R. Wiencke, Lino Miramonti, Miroslav Pech, Denise Boncioli, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, E. Parizot, Ingomar Allekotte, German Ros, I. Lhenry-Yvon, A. Menshikov, G. Marsella, B. Wilczyńska, B. Zamorano, D. Maurizio, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, J. C. Moreno, W. Docters, Angela V. Olinto, A. Weindl, Martin Erdmann, M. Monasor, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Dorofeev, L. Caramete, M. Will, K. Weidenhaupt, Guenter Sigl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, G. Müller, Roger W Clay, C. Aramo, W. Tkaczyk, R. Cester, Maria-Teresa Dova, B. J. Whelan, G. Yuan, R. Bonino, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, I. M. Pepe, Pham Ngoc Diep, T. Antičić, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, Miguel Mostafá, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Porcelli, Ernesto Arganda, Heino Falcke, D. Melo, Carola Dobrigkeit, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, David Walz, P. Wahrlich, Pavel Horvath, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, T. Rossler, Alan Watson, B. Vargascárdenas, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, H. Schieler, R. Ulrich, F. Salesa Greus, B. Sarkar, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, G. Cataldi, J. L. Navarro, M. S. Sutherland, C. Meurer, Daniel Gonzalez, M. Videla, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, J. K. Kulbartz, E. M. Santos, F. Diogo, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, P.O. Mazur, R. M. de Almeida, Sofia Andringa, E. J. Ahn, S. Westerhoff, Elton J. G. Santos, J. Bäuml, K. Link, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, J. L. Harton, P. Mantsch, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Z. Szadkowski, B. Tome, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, M. Tueros, Peter L. Biermann, Paolo Privitera, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, Paul Sommers, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, P. Allison, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, O. Tacu, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Azadeh Keivani, Martina Bohacova, J. Sorokin, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, D. Maurel, Nataliia Borodai, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, M. Ludwig, T. Bäcker, V. H. Ponce, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, K. Kotera, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, D. Heck, F. Kuehn, M. del Río, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, H. J. Mathes, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, J.J. Beatty, B.R. Becker, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, I. Fajardo Tapia, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Gascon, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giller, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, D. Gonzalez, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, A. Guzman, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, C.G. Tavera Ruiz, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A.M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anti??i???c, Aramo, Carla, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Bohá??ová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, M. R., Coluccia, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D???olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D'Urso, Domenico, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, I., Fajardo Tapia, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filip??i??, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G. P., Guede, A., Guzman, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, S., Mi???canovi???c, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., No??ka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, L., Perrone, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d???Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., ???smia??kowski, R., ??mída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., ??u??a, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Ta??c??u, C. G., Tavera Ruiz, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, Valore, Laura, A. M., van den Berg, E., Varela, B., Vargascárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberi??, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczy??ska, H., Wilczy??ski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), T., Antičić, C., Aramo, B., Baughman f, M., Boháčová, R., Bruijn i, M., Cilmo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. C., D'Olivo, D., D'Urso, A., Filipčič, F., Guarino, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mićanović, G., Navarra ‡, L., Nožka, J., Pękala, Perrone, Lorenzo, M., Plum, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, T., Šuša, O., Taşcău, L., Valore, B., Vargas Cárdena, D., Veberič, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, T., Yamamoto a, and I., Zaw h
Subjects: Astronomy, Atmospheric model, Atmospheric monitoring, Atmospheric sciences, Cosmic Rays Shower, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Data assimilation, law, cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, atmospheric models, DEPENDENCE, ATMOSFERA (OBSERVAÇÃO), TEMPERATURE, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Cascada atmosférica extensa, OPTICAL DEPTH, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Atmospheric temperature, Radiación cósmica, Atmosphere of Earth, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Radiosonde, Física nuclear, REFRACTIVE-INDEX, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Meteorology, Atmospheric Monitoring, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic Rays Showers, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, Cosmic Ray, Atmósfera, Weather station, Atmospheric models, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, DETECTOR, Ciencias Exactas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Atmospheric conditions at the site of a cosmic ray observatory must be known for reconstructing observed extensive air showers. The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) is a global atmospheric model predicated on meteorological measurements and numerical weather predictions. GDAS provides altitude-dependent profiles of the main state variables of the atmosphere like temperature, pressure, and humidity. The original data and their application to the air shower reconstruction of the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. By comparisons with radiosonde and weather station measurements obtained on-site in Malargüe and averaged monthly models, the utility of the GDAS data is shown., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2012

26. A search for point sources of EeV neutrons

Author: P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Baus, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjos, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guedes, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holmes, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Maris, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J.A.J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santos, E.M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antiči'C, Aramo, Carla, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, Cilmo, Marco, R. W., Clay, G., Cocciolo, L., Collica, M. R., Coluccia, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D'Urso, Domenico, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, R., Meyhandan, S., Mi'Canovi'C, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, L., Perrone, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez Cabo, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., 'Smiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, Valore, Laura, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), T., Antičić, C., Aramo, B., Baughman f, R., Bruijn i, M., Cilmo, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, D., D'Urso, K., Fang, E. D., Fraenkel!, G., Garilli, F., Guarino, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mićanović, G., Navarra ‡, J., Pękala, Perrone, Lorenzo, F., SÃ! ¡nchez, Scherini, Viviana, A., Śmiałkowski, L., Valore, T., Yamamoto a, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda b, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Astronomy, Energy flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Neutron flux, Observatory, cosmic rays – Galaxy: disk – methods: data analysis, Neutron detection, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ASTRONOMY, Pierre Auger Observatory, COSMIC-RAYS, Radiación cósmica, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE, Física nuclear, Pierre Auger Observatory, high-energy neutron sources, neutron flux limit, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Galaxia, Galaxy: disk, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, high-energy neutron sources, Neutron, Cosmic-ray observatory, Ciencias Exactas, ANISOTROPY, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, GAMMA-RAYS, Análisis de datos, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, neutron flux limit, methods: data analysis, NÊUTRONS, Space and Planetary Science, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, Experimental High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], GALACTIC-CENTER
Abstract: A thorough search of the sky exposed at the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory reveals no statistically significant excess of events in any small solid angle that would be indicative of a flux of neutral particles from a discrete source. The search covers from −90◦ to +15◦ in declination using four different energy ranges above 1 EeV (1018 eV). The method used in this search is more sensitive to neutrons than to photons. The upper limit on a neutron flux is derived for a dense grid of directions for each of the four energy ranges. These results constrain scenarios for the production of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the Galaxy., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2012

27. Measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum using hybrid events of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: M. Settimo, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Baus, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, L. Collica, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke Hansen, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier Selvon, I. Lhenry Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J. J. Masías Meza, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H. H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A. M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski ., COCCIOLO, GIUSEPPE, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, Mariangela Settimo for the Pierre Auger, Collaboration, M., Ambrosio, C., Aramo, M., Cilmo, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, M. Settimo, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. 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Ziolkowski, ., Universität Siegen [Siegen], Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', Università del Salento [Lecce], Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Observatorio Pierre Auger, CNRS-INSU, Contrat europe : PIRSES-2009-GA-246806, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, SURFACE DETECTOR, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Ray, Auger, Pierre Auger Observatory, Monte Carlo simulations, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, RECONSTRUCTION, Fermilab, 010306 general physics, UHE Cosmic Rays, Monte Carlo, Energy Spectrum, TRIGGER, Nuclear Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, PACS: 96.50.S, 96.50.sb, 96.50.sd, 98.70.Sa, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, PROFILES, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Experimental High Energy Physics, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ARRAY, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, RAIOS CÓSMICOS
Abstract: The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 10$^{18}$ eV is measured using the hybrid events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory between November 2005 and September 2010. The large exposure of the Observatory allows the measurement of the main features of the energy spectrum with high statistics. Full Monte Carlo simulations of the extensive air showers (based on the CORSIKA code) and of the hybrid detector response are adopted here as an independent cross check of the standard analysis (Phys. Lett. B 685, 239 (2010)). The dependence on mass composition and other systematic uncertainties are discussed in detail and, in the full Monte Carlo approach, a region of confidence for flux measurements is defined when all the uncertainties are taken into account. An update is also reported of the energy spectrum obtained by combining the hybrid spectrum and that measured using the surface detector array., 13 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2012

28. Antennas for the detection of radio emission pulses from cosmic-ray induced air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Cocciolo, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Luis A. Anchordoqui, M. Platino, A. Porcelli, Ernesto Arganda, J. Rosado, Martina Bohacova, M. Gold, H. Rivera, M. Ave, E. Trovato, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, J. Sorokin, B. Morales, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, M. Risse, R. Pelayo, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, L. Niemietz, R. F. Gamarra, J. Ridky, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. C. Marin, Y. Guardincerri, E. J. Ahn, W. Tkaczyk, J. Roberts, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, B. M. Baughman, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, F. Gomez Albarracin, E. Moreno, J. A. J. Matthews, M. Wommer, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, Azadeh Keivani, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, E. Grashorn, D. Maurel, Sebastian Schulte, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, D. Martraire, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Iván Sidelnik, L. Mohrmann, S. Gambetta, G. Müller, A. Stutz, A. van Vliet, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Nataliia Borodai, D. Allard, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, D. H. Koang, H. Cook, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Alexey Yushkov, O. Fratu, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, B. Revenu, D. Garcia-Pinto, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, O. Seeger, L. Nožka, R. Piegaia, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, M. Josebachuili, J. Neuser, S. Le Coz, L. del Peral, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, J. L. Harton, M. Pontz, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Subir Sarkar, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, G. Hilgers, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, M. A. Muller, E. J. Quel, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Pham Ngoc Diep, V. Scherini, A. Gorgi, Jörg R. Hörandel, Lu Lu, J. Bäuml, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, Heino Falcke, U. Fröhlich, D. Melo, David Walz, Balázs Kégl, G. Golup, R. Bruijn, O. Krömer, N. Kunka, H. Blümer, O. Ravel, M. S. A. B. Leão, G. Tristram, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Maria-Teresa Dova, R. Alves Batista, D. Harari, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, M. Zavrtanik, Jan Ebr, N. Nierstenhoefer, Miguel Mostafá, Béatrice Fuchs, R. Meyhandan, Niraj Dhital, M. Melissas, I. Valiño, J. Maller, Alessandro Petrolini, B. García, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, J. Oehlschläger, G. Marsella, P. Gonçalves, L. Buroker, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, N. Palmieri, S. Jiraskova, I. Lhenry-Yvon, B. Wilczyńska, B. Keilhauer, W. Docters, P. Karhan, S. J. Sciutto, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. Rodriguez Martino, A. D. Supanitsky, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Hernán Asorey, Markus Roth, R. Sato, T. Šuša, M. Niechciol, F. Ionita, A. Filevich, J. Gitto, C. De Donato, D. Heck, M. del Río, S. Mollerach, Jing Zhou, J. Schovancova, P. Mertsch, Jose Chinellato, M. I. Micheletti, O. Tascau, H.O. Klages, F. Diogo, L. Nellen, Martin Erdmann, A. Weindl, R. M. de Almeida, J. K. Kulbartz, C. Meurer, A. Menshikov, A. F. Barbosa, J. R. Vázquez, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, E. Roulet, B. Sarkar, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, Alina Mihaela Badescu, P. Lautridou, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Tueros, Roger W Clay, R. M. Kieckhafer, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. Creusot, J. Rautenberg, Colin Baus, A. P. Ferguson, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, Didier Charrier, R. Gaior, B. Zamorano Garcia, O. Wainberg, Markus Ahlers, E. Varela, D. Huber, A. Aminaei, N. Griffith, J. Chauvin, A. Śmiałkowski, R. E. Burton, K. Weidenhaupt, J. L. Navarro, P. T. Nhung, M. Pimenta, M. Videla, L. Collica, M. Blanco, J. Espadanal, J. Kleinfeller, M. Palatka, E. Petermann, P. W. Younk, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Petr Schovanek, Lorenzo Cazon, I. A. Minaya, Peter L. Biermann, M. Zimbres Silva, Darko Veberic, E. M. Santos, I. Katkov, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, J. Stapleton, I. C. Mariş, J. Pȩkala, H. Schieler, R. Ulrich, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, S. Westerhoff, C. Lachaud, Paolo Privitera, Karl-Heinz Kampert, L. Latronico, W. C. Brown, Antonella Castellina, J. Allen, S. H. Cheng, B. Philipps, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, D. Nitz, Miroslav Pech, A. Bellétoile, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, M. Ludwig, Pavel Horvath, E. Menichetti, V. H. Ponce, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, R. Pesce, H. H. Silva Lopez, A. Tonachini, Andrej Filipcic, S. Navas, S. Fliescher, S. Grebe, Dusan Mandat, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, L. Valore, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, L. R. Wiencke, P.O. Mazur, M. S. Sutherland, Rúben Conceição, P. Schiffer, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, R. A. Vázquez, L. Villaseñor, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, R. Dallier, L. Martin, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, P. Brogueira, Marco Cilmo, Carola Dobrigkeit, P. A. Kasper, K. Kotera, H. J. Mathes, P. Wahrlich, Sofia Andringa, A. Italiano, P. Pieroni, Corbin Covault, R. Squartini, R. J. Lauer, G. De La Vega, Juan Manuel Figueira, S. Petrera, Lino Miramonti, Gualberto Avila, Alan Watson, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, I. M. Pepe, B. Tome, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, T. Paul, A. G. Mariazzi, Paul Sommers, P. Gouffon, D. Kruppke-Hansen, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, P. Ristori, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Enrique Zas, T. A. Harrison, R. Cester, Ingomar Allekotte, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, B. Wundheiler, A.M. van den Berg, F. Salamida, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Suarez, Radomir Smida, C. Di Giulio, F. Guarino, Peter Buchholz, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, Gregory R Snow, Fernando Contreras, M. De Domenico, Sergio Dasso, B. J. Whelan, I. Rodriguez Cabo, C. E. Fracchiolla, D. D'Urso, I.M. Brancus, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, R. Bonino, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, E. Parizot, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, A. Curutiu, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, P. Allison, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, Javier Tiffenberg, B. Caccianiga, C. Jarne, T. Huege, A. Parra, G. Medina-Tanco, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, G. Navarra, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, L. Denis, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, M. Ortiz, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Stanič, P.F. Gómez Vitale, G. P. Guedes, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, Y. Petrov, V. Marin, B. Gookin, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, J. Chirinos Diaz, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, D. Monnier Ragaigne, C. Pfendner, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, N. Pacheco, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, J. Coppens, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, F. Werner, S. Jansen, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Prouza, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski ., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel!, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez Cabo, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., SÃ! ¡nchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda b, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, ., KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Aramo, Carla, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, and The Pierre Auger, Collaboration
Subjects: Ciencias Astronómicas, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, showers: atmosphere | cosmic radiation: UHE | polarization: effect | Auger | radio wave: emission | radio wave: detector | galaxy | background | reflection | noise | detector: network, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Signal, KASCADE, MHZ, Optics, SIGNALS, 0103 physical sciences, Transient response, Time domain, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], ATMOSFERA (MONITORAMENTO), Air shower, Antenna, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, RADIATION, Antennas, Física nuclear, Antenna (radio), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is exploring the potential of the radio detection technique to study extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) addresses both technological and scientific aspects of the radio technique. A first phase of AERA has been operating since September 2010 with detector stations observing radio signals at frequencies between 30 and 80 MHz. In this paper we present comparative studies to identify and optimize the antenna design for the final configuration of AERA consisting of 160 individual radio detector stations. The transient nature of the air shower signal requires a detailed description of the antenna sensor. As the ultra-wideband reception of pulses is not widely discussed in antenna literature, we review the relevant antenna characteristics and enhance theoretical considerations towards the impulse response of antennas including polarization effects and multiple signal reflections. On the basis of the vector effective length we study the transient response characteristics of three candidate antennas in the time domain. Observing the variation of the continuous galactic background intensity we rank the antennas with respect to the noise level added to the galactic signal., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2012

29. Lopes-3D - vectorial measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray induced air showers

Author: J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, I.M. Brancus, A. Horneffer, T. Pierog, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, A. Saftoiu, Andrea Chiavassa, C. Rühle, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, K. Link, K. H. Kampert, A. Haungs, Claus Grupen, Markus Roth, J. A. Zensus, J. Zabierowski, A. Schmidt, O. Krömer, H. J. Mathes, M. E. Bertaina, V. de Souza, Béatrice Fuchs, P. Doll, D. Huber, J. Wochele, G. Toma, J.R. Hörandel, D. Fuhrmann, K. Bekk, H. Rebel, D. Heck, M. Ludwig, W. D. Apel, G. C. Trinchero, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, Heino Falcke, R. Engel, J. Rautenberg, Kai Daumiller, Frank G. Schröder, D. Kang, L. Bähren, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Peter L. Biermann, Paula Gina Isar, H. Gemmeke, M. Melissas, Tim Huege, and J. Oehlschläger
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Measure (physics), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Optics, Electric field, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Sensitivity (control systems), business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: LOPES 3D is able to measure all three components of the electric field vector of the radio emission from air showers. This allows a better comparison with emission models. The measurement of the vertical component increases the sensitivity to inclined showers. By measuring all three components of the electric field vector LOPES 3D demonstrates by how much the reconstruction accuracy of primary cosmic ray parameters increases. Thus LOPES 3D evaluates the usefulness of vectorial measurements for large scale applications., Proceedings ARENA 2012
Published: 2013

30. Cosmic ray measurements with LOPES: Status and recent results

Author: P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, O. Krömer, M. Ludwig, Claus Grupen, A. Schmidt, H. Bozdog, M. Melissas, H. Gemmeke, J.R. Hörandel, J. Rautenberg, J. Oehlschläger, Andrea Chiavassa, V. de Souza, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Heino Falcke, H. J. Mathes, A. Weindl, L. Bähren, Jan Kuijpers, C. Rühle, M. E. Bertaina, R. Engel, K. Link, Peter L. Biermann, T. Pierog, A. Haungs, Markus Roth, J. Zabierowski, H. Rebel, Octavian Sima, Béatrice Fuchs, D. Fuhrmann, H. Schieler, J. Wochele, A. Horneffer, D. Kang, D. Heck, K. H. Kampert, Tim Huege, P. Doll, J. Blümer, D. Huber, Frank G. Schröder, Paula Gina Isar, I.M. Brancus, K. Bekk, G. C. Trinchero, G. Toma, A. Saftoiu, W. D. Apel, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, Atmosphere, Antenna array, Interferometry, LOPES, Astronomy, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Cosmic ray, Digital radio, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: LOPES is a digital antenna array at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, for cosmic-ray air-shower measurements. Triggered by the co-located KASCADE-Grande air-shower array, LOPES detects the radio emission of air showers via digital radio interferometry. We summarize the status of LOPES and recent results. In particular, we present an update on the reconstruction of the primary-particle properties based on almost 500 events above 100PeV. With LOPES, the arrival direction can be reconstructed with a precision of at least 0.65°, and the energy with a precision of at least 20%, which, however, does not include systematic uncertainties on the absolute energy scale. For many particle and astrophysics questions the reconstruction of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, Xmax, is important, since it yields information on the type of the primary particle and its interaction with the atmosphere. Recently, we found experimental evidence that the slope of the radio lateral distribution is indeed s...
Published: 2013

31. Revised absolute amplitude calibration of the LOPES experiment

Author: M. Melissas, J. Oehlschläger, H. Bozdog, R. Hiller, C. Rühle, O. Krömer, Heino Falcke, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, H. Gemmeke, A. Chiavassa, N. Palmieri, K. Bekk, P. Doll, V. de Souza, J. Rautenberg, A. Horneffer, E. Cantoni, S. Schoo, Katrin Link, D. Kang, Ralph Engel, Andreas Haungs, A. Weindl, T. Pierog, Jan Kuijpers, L. Bähren, M. Ludwig, A. Schmidt, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Tim Huege, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, M. E. Bertaina, J. Zabierowski, Kai Daumiller, D. Huber, Claus Grupen, Béatrice Fuchs, A. Saftoiu, G. Toma, and H. Schieler
Subjects: Physics, Amplitude, Optics, LOPES, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Calibration, Cosmic ray, business, Signal, Energy (signal processing), Radio wave, Computational physics
Abstract: One of the main aims of the LOPES experiment was the evaluation of the absolute amplitudeof the radio signal of air showers. This is of special interest since the radio technique offers the pos-sibility for an independent and highly precise determination of the energy scale of cosmic rays onthe basis of signal predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. For the calibration of the amplitudemeasured by LOPES we used an external source. Previous comparisons of LOPES measurementsand simulations of the radio signal amplitude predicted by CoREAS revealed a discrepancy of theorder of a factor of two. A re-measurement of the reference calibration source, now performed forthe free ﬁeld, was recently performed by the manufacturer. The updated calibration values leadto a lowering of the reconstructed electric ﬁeld measured by LOPES by a factor of 2:6 0:2 andtherefore to a signiﬁcantly better agreement with CoREAS simulations. We discuss the updatedcalibration and its impact on the LOPES analysis results.2
Published: 2016

32. Probing the radio emission from air showers with polarization measurements

Author: Marcus Niechciol, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Alain Hervé, I. M. Pepe, R. Pelayo, H. Dembinski, B. Zamorano, L. del Peral, Johannes Schulz, Maurice Stephan, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, O. Ravel, A. van Vliet, Azadeh Keivani, M. Pimenta, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, P. Lebrun, Julien Aublin, S. Querchfeld, F. Werner, D. Kruppke-Hansen, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, E.M. Holt, Maria-Teresa Dova, A. Tonachini, L. Tomankova, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, G. Navarra, Eric Mayotte, M. Ave, J. Rodriguez Martino, Markus Ahlers, E. Varela, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, N. Griffith, Richard Dallier, Marcio Aparecido Muller, A. Nelles, R. Alves Batista, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, P. O. Mazur, L. Niemietz, M. Tartare, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, N. Pacheco, J. W. Cronin, P. Mantsch, Thomas Harrison, Kai Daumiller, Sarka Wykes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jing Zhou, J. Stapleton, I. Zaw, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, V. Pirronello, C. Jarne, Tim Niggemann, N. Kunka, P. Pieroni, Lu Lu, J. Roberts, M. Risse, G. Toma, O. Taşcǎu, M. Buscemi, Yingchun Zhu, Octavian Fratu, Nataliia Borodai, F. Arqueros, N. Foerster, N. Scharf, J. PeÂķala, L. Nožka, P. Necesal, B. Vargas Cárdenas, S. Grebe, S. Messina, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, D. Nosek, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Will, E. Kemp, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Jan Ebr, S. J. De Jong, M. Prouza, D. Lebrun, G. Parente, O. Kambeitz, C. Aramo, M. Avenier, T. Paul, M. Palatka, J. Maller, G. S. Varner, Pham Ngoc Diep, Jose Chinellato, D. B. Tridapalli, J. Allen, P. W. Younk, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, K. Link, P. Abreu, D. Heck, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, D. Ravignani, G. Cocciolo, D. Monnier Ragaigne, G. Marsella, P. Lautridou, Rémi Bardenet, A. Curutiu, Petr Travnicek, A. Śmiałkowski, E. Menichetti, A. Weindl, P. Karhan, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, J. Vicha, A. Widom, Alexey Yushkov, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, Luis A. Anchordoqui, D. Martraire, H. Martinez, Kreso Kadija, P. Kasper, H.O. Klages, C. Rühle, Juan Manuel Figueira, Miroslav Hrabovský, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Haungs, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, G. Wieczorek, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, Roberta Colalillo, A. Schmidt, A. Dorofeev, A. G. Mariazzi, J. L. Harton, G. Matthiae, A. Letessier-Selvon, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, G. van Aar, S. Jansen, A. P. Ferguson, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, M. Platino, E. Santos, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, C. Hojvat, Denise Boncioli, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, M. Monasor, D. Nitz, L. Collica, Lorenzo Cazon, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Alexandra Saftoiu, Lukas Middendorf, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, Markus Roth, German Ros, M. Videla, A. Aab, L. Caramete, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Lino Miramonti, A. Chiavassa, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Francisco J. Blanco, K. B. Barber, Z. Szadkowski, M. Oliveira, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Darko Veberič, Igor Katkov, L. Villaseñor, M. Szuba, Dusan Mandat, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, I.M. Brancus, M. Josebachuili, A. Porcelli, N. Krohm, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, B. Sarkar, S. Le Coz, Marco Aglietta, K. Weidenhaupt, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Balázs Kégl, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, J. Sorokin, L. Martin, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marco Cilmo, J. Gitto, Jörg R. Hörandel, Hernán Asorey, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, Javier Tiffenberg, G. Garilli, J. Neuser, M. S. A. B. Leão, P. T. Nhung, L. R. Wiencke, F. Gomez Albarracin, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, F. Diogo, E. Petermann, Miroslav Pech, Christian Glaser, B. D. Fox, J. D. Swain, C. L. Williams, H. M. Spinka, O. Krömer, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Pavel Horvath, B. J. Whelan, Miguel Mostafá, M. S. Sutherland, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, A. Gorgi, G. Farrar, R. Meyhandan, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, R. Bonino, S. Riggi, Sofia Andringa, R. M. de Almeida, I. Lhenry-Yvon, N. Palmieri, T. Rossler, B. García, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, T. Antičić, J. Kleinfeller, E. D. Fraenkel, Colin Baus, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, S. J. Saffi, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. C. Hill, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, M. Ludwig, Ralph Engel, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, A. Menshikov, Martin Erdmann, W. C. Brown, J. Ridky, H. Schieler, T. Susa, A. Stutz, S. Maldera, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Roger W Clay, N. T. Thao, S. T. Garcia Roca, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, B. Caccianiga, van den Ad M Berg, A. C. Fauth, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, J. C. dos Anjos, Jose A. Bellido, Markus Lauscher, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, B. Morales, D. Garcia-Pinto, Raul Sarmento, S. Westerhoff, G. P. Guedes, A. Di Matteo, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, R. Gaior, N. Fazzini, A. Shadkam, H. J. Mathes, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Krause, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, L. Valore, T. Pierog, Amin Aminaei, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, R. F. Gamarra, P. L. Ghia, G. De La Vega, P. Wahrlich, Alan Watson, B. Wilczynska, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Alvarez Castillo, Marco Giammarchi, Sasa Micanovic, A. Criss, T. Preda, M. Pontz, V. Marin, S. Quinn, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, A. Segreto, Radomir Smida, A. Schulz, V. de Souza, Fernando Contreras, M. Zavrtanik, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Peter L. Biermann, Paolo Privitera, Petr Schovanek, H. Rivera, Iván Sidelnik, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, Eun-Joo Ahn, M.E. Ortiz, François Montanet, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, Ralf Ulrich, F. Salamida, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, D. Maurizio, J. L. Navarro, S. Gambetta, J. C. Diaz, Lorenzo Caccianiga, R. Piegaia, Y. Guardincerri, M. Ambrosio, A. Petrolini, B. Tome, G. Müller, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, H. Schoorlemmer, Guenter Sigl, M. C. Maccarone, B. Revenu, U. Fröhlich, J. R. Vázquez, D. Garcia-Gamez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Maurel, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, M. Straub, M. Giller, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Rúben Conceição, M. Blanco, Paul Sommers, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, L. Latronico, Maria Rita Coluccia, S. Navas, M. Melissas, R. A. Vázquez, H. Glass, A. Filipčič, F. Sanchez, Paula Gina Isar, F. Sarazin, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, E. Trovato, B. Gookin, E. M. Santos, S. H. Cheng, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Esteban Roulet, C. E. Fracchiolla, Corinne Berat, C. E. Santo, W. Tkaczyk, M. L. Díaz Castro, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, Ahn, E. . J., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., R., Bardenet, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, Biermann, P. . L., P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, Brown, W. . C., P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, Caballero Mora, K. . S., B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, Cheng, S. . H., A., Chiavassa, Chinellato, J. . A., J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, Clay, R. . W., Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, Cooper, M. . J., S., Coutu, Covault, C. . E., A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., M., De Domenico, de Jong, S. . J., G., De La Vega, de Mello Junior, W. . J. . M., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, de Vries, K. . D., L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., Diep, P. . N., F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, D’Olivo, J. . C., Dong, P. . N., A., Dorofeev, dos Anjos, J. . C., Dova, M. . T., J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, Escobar, C. . O., J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, Fauth, A. . C., N., Fazzini, Ferguson, A. . P., B., Fick, Figueira, J. . M., A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, N., Foerster, Fox, B. . D., Fracchiolla, C. . E., Fraenkel, E. . D., O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, Gamarra, R. . F., S., Gambetta, B., García, Garcia Roca, S. . T., D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, Ghia, P. . L., M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, Gómez Vitale, P. . F., P., Gonçalve, Gonzalez, J. . G., B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, Guedes, G. . P., P., Hansen, D., Harari, Harrison, T. . A., Harton, J. . L., A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, Hörandel, J. . R., P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, Isar, P. . G., S., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, O., Kambeitz, Kampert, K. . H., P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, Leão, M. . S. . A. . B., D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, Maccarone, M. . C., M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, Mariazzi, A. . G., V., Marin, Mariş, I. . C., Marquez Falcon, H. . R., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., J., Matthew, Matthews, J. . A. . J., G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, Mazur, P. . O., C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, Micheletti, M. . I., L., Middendorf, Minaya, I. . A., L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, Moreno, J. . C., M., Mostafá, Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, Navarro, J. . L., S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, Nhung, P. . T., M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, T., Preda, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, Quel, E. . J., S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, Rovero, A. . C., C., Rühle, Saffi, S. . J., A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, Santo, C. . E., E., Santo, Santos, E. . M., F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schovánek, Schröder, F. . G., A., Schulz, J., Schulz, Sciutto, S. . J., M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, Shellard, R. . C., I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, Snow, G. . R., P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Srivastava, Y. . N., S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, Supanitsky, A. . D., T., Šuša, Sutherland, M. . S., J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, Thao, N. . T., J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, Todero Peixoto, C. . J., G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, Tridapalli, D. . B., E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, Valdés Galicia, J. . F., I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, van den Berg, A. . M., S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, Watson, A. . A., M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, Whelan, B. . J., A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Ahn, E. ?. J., Albuquerque, I. ?. F. ?. M., J., Alvarez Mu?iz, T., Anti?i?, Badescu, A. ?. M., Barber, K. ?. B., J., B?uml, Beatty, J. ?. J., Becker, K. ?. H., Bellido, J. ?. A., Biermann, P. ?. L., C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Brown, W. ?. C., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. ?. S., Cheng, S. ?. H., Chinellato, J. ?. A., Cilmo, Marco, Clay, R. ?. W., G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. ?. R., R., Concei??o, Cooper, M. ?. J., Covault, C. ?. E., Dawson, B. ?. R., de Almeida, R. ?. M., de Jong, S. ?. J., de Mello Junior, W. ?. J. ?. M., de Mello Neto, J. ?. R. ?. T., I., De Mitri, de Vries, K. ?. D., Diaz, J. ?. C., D?az Castro, M. ?. L., Diep, P. ?. N., D?olivo, J. ?. C., Dong, P. ?. N., dos Anjos, J. ?. C., Dova, M. ?. T., Escobar, C. ?. O., Fauth, A. ?. C., Ferguson, A. ?. P., Figueira, J. ?. M., A., Filip?i?, Fox, B. ?. D., Fracchiolla, C. ?. E., Fraenkel, E. ?. D., U., Fr?hlich, Gamarra, R. ?. F., B., Garc?a, Garcia Roca, S. ?. T., Ghia, P. ?. L., M., G?mez Berisso, G?mez Vitale, P. ?. F., P., Gon?alve, Gonzalez, J. ?. G., Grillo, A. ?. F., Grubb, T. ?. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. ?. P., Harrison, T. ?. A., Harton, J. ?. L., Herve, A. ?. E., Hill, G. ?. C., H?randel, J. ?. R., M., Hrabovsk?, Isar, P. ?. G., Kampert, K. ?. H., B., K?gl, Kieckhafer, R. ?. M., Klages, H. ?. O., O., Kr?mer, Le?o, M. ?. S. ?. A. ?. B., Leigui de Oliveira, M. ?. A., R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, Maccarone, M. ?. C., Mariazzi, A. ?. G., Mari?, I. ?. C., Marquez Falcon, H. ?. R., G., Marsella, D., Martello, O., Mart?nez Bravo, Mas?as Meza, J. ?. J., Mathes, H. ?. J., Matthews, J. ?. A. ?. J., Mazur, P. ?. O., S., Mi?anovi?, Micheletti, M. ?. I., Minaya, I. ?. A., Moreno, J. ?. C., M., Mostaf?, Moura, C. ?. A., Muller, M. ?. A., G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, Navarro, J. ?. L., Nhung, P. ?. T., L., No?ka, J., Oehlschl?ger, J., Pe?kala, Pepe, I. ?. M., L., Perrone, Quel, E. ?. J., Rodr?guez Fr?as, M. ?. D., B., Rouill? d?Orfeuil, Rovero, A. ?. C., C., R?hle, Saffi, S. ?. J., F., S?nchez, Santo, C. ?. E., Santos, E. ?. M., V., Scherini, P., Schov?nek, Schr?der, F. ?. G., Sciutto, S. ?. J., Shellard, R. ?. C., A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, Snow, G. ?. R., Srivastava, Y. ?. N., S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, Supanitsky, A. ?. D., T., ?u?a, Sutherland, M. ?. S., O., Ta?c?u, Thao, N. ?. T., Todero Peixoto, C. ?. J., B., Tom?, Tridapalli, D. ?. B., Galicia, J. ?. F. Vald?s., I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, van den Berg, A. ?. M., B., Vargas C?rdena, V?zquez, J. ?. R., V?zquez, R. ?. A., D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, Watson, A. ?. A., Whelan, B. ?. J., B., Wilczy?ska, H., Wilczy?ski, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Signals, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Electric field, Computational physics, Cosmic-rays, Composition energy spectra and interactions, cosmic ray, Radio wave, Physics, Earth's magnetic field, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Radiation, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Bolometers, Thunderstorms, Magnetic field, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CAMPO MAGNÉTICO, radio emission, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, Solar electromagnetic emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, infrared submillimeter wave microwave and radiowave receivers and detectors, Field, FOS: Physical sciences, Pierre Auger Observatory, air shower, Monte-carlo Simulations, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Pierre auger observatory, 010306 general physics, Pulses, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Detector, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Experimental High Energy Physics, business, Codalema
Abstract: The emission of radio waves from air showers has been attributed to the so-called geomagnetic emission process. At frequencies around 50 MHz this process leads to coherent radiation which can be observed with rather simple setups. The direction of the electric field induced by this emission process depends only on the local magnetic field vector and on the incoming direction of the air shower. We report on measurements of the electric field vector where, in addition to this geomagnetic component, another component has been observed which cannot be described by the geomagnetic emission process. The data provide strong evidence that the other electric field component is polarized radially with respect to the shower axis, in agreement with predictions made by Askaryan who described radio emission from particle showers due to a negative charge-excess in the front of the shower. Our results are compared to calculations which include the radiation mechanism induced by this charge-excess process., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D; 50 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2014

33. Cosmic ray energy reconstruction from the S(500) observable recorded in the KASCADE-Grande air shower experiment

Author: Markus Roth, D. Huber, E. Cantoni, P. Doll, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, H. Bozdog, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, G.C. Trinchero, J. Wochele, T. Pierog, J. Oehlschläger, Ralph Engel, Octavian Sima, F.G. Schröder, Claus Grupen, G. Toma, B. Mitrica, H. Rebel, Andreas Haungs, S. Schoo, D. Heck, M. E. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Schieler, J. Milke, Karl-Heinz Kampert, M. Petcu, A. Chiavassa, K. Link, Jörg R. Hörandel, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J. Zabierowski, V. de Souza, W. D. Apel, K. Bekk, H.J. Mayer, F. Cossavella, C. Morello, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, A. Weindl, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, and R. Glasstetter
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Hadronic interaction model, 01 natural sciences, KASCADE-Grande, Nuclear physics, S(500), 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Primary energy, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), Charged particle, Air shower, KASCADE, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The energy reconstruction at KASCADE-Grande is based on a combination of the shower size and the total muon number, which are both estimated for each individual air shower event. We present investigations where we employed a second method to reconstruct the primary energy using S(500), which are the charged particle densities inferred with the KASCADE-Grande detector at a distance of 500 m from the shower axis. We considered the attenuation of inclined showers by applying the “Constant Intensity Cut” method and we employed a simulation-derived calibration to convert the recorded S(500) into primary energy. We observed a systematic shift in the S(500)-derived energy compared with previously reported results obtained using the standard reconstruction technique. However, a comparison of the two methods based on simulated and measured data showed that this shift only appeared in the measured data. Our investigations showed that this shift was caused mainly by the inadequate description of the shape of the lateral density distribution in the simulations.
Published: 2016

34. A comparison of the cosmic-ray energy scales of Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande via their radio extensions Tunka-Rex and LOPES

Author: R. D. Monkhoev, Harald Schieler, Hermann-Josef Mathes, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, V. V. Prosin, Alexandra Saftoiu, C. Grupen, A. Chiavassa, N. B. Lubsandorzhiev, I.M. Brancus, J. Zabierowski, G. Toma, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, M. E. Bertaina, R. Wischnewski, Jan Kuijpers, E. E. Korosteleva, J. Blümer, Andreas Weindl, J. Wochele, Dmitriy Kostunin, O. A. Gress, G.C. Trinchero, Octavian Sima, Julian Rautenberg, M. Kleifges, F. Di Pierro, W. D. Apel, Katrin Link, Tanguy Pierog, C. Rühle, Grigory Rubtsov, J. A. Zensus, H. Bozdog, E. A. Osipova, O. Krömer, M. Melissas, A. Schmidt, Yulia Kazarina, Pavel Bezyazeekov, A. L. Pakhorukov, R. Hiller, Markus Roth, Ralph Engel, Tim Huege, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Oehlschläger, C. Morello, Andreas Haungs, H. Rebel, Peter L. Biermann, Paula Gina Isar, D. Huber, P. Doll, B. Fuchs, A. Horneffer, L. V. Pankov, L. Bähren, D. Kang, R. R. Mirgazov, M. Ludwig, Oleg Fedorov, S. Schoo, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Dieter Heck, V. de Souza, Heino Falcke, E. Cantoni, A. V. Zagorodnikov, F. G. Schröder, L. A. Kuzmichev, K. Bekk, H. Gemmeke, and N. M. Budnev
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic rays, KASCADE-Grande, LOPES, Radio detection, Tunka-133, Tunka-Rex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Air showers, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Digital radio, ASTROFÍSICA, lcsh:QC1-999, Computational physics, Air shower, Amplitude, KASCADE, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, lcsh:Physics, Radio wave
Abstract: Physics letters / B 763, 179 - 185(2016). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2016.10.031, The radio technique is a promising method for detection of cosmic-ray air showers of energies around View the MathML source100PeV and higher with an array of radio antennas. Since the amplitude of the radio signal can be measured absolutely and increases with the shower energy, radio measurements can be used to determine the air-shower energy on an absolute scale. We show that calibrated measurements of radio detectors operated in coincidence with host experiments measuring air showers based on other techniques can be used for comparing the energy scales of these host experiments. Using two approaches, first via direct amplitude measurements, and second via comparison of measurements with air shower simulations, we compare the energy scales of the air-shower experiments Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande, using their radio extensions, Tunka-Rex and LOPES, respectively. Due to the consistent amplitude calibration for Tunka-Rex and LOPES achieved by using the same reference source, this comparison reaches an accuracy of approximately 10%10% – limited by some shortcomings of LOPES, which was a prototype experiment for the digital radio technique for air showers. In particular we show that the energy scales of cosmic-ray measurements by the independently calibrated experiments KASCADE-Grande and Tunka-133 are consistent with each other on this level., Published by North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam
Published: 2016

35. KASCADE-Grande experiment measurements of the cosmic ray spectrum and large scale anisotropy

Author: A. Chiavassa, D. Kang, S. Schoo, H. Schieler, H.O. Klages, Ralph Engel, F. Cossavella, Jörg R. Hörandel, K. H. Kampert, H. J. Mathes, H. Bozdog, Andreas Haungs, P. Doll, S. Ostapchenko, F.G. Schröder, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, A. Weindl, D. Huber, B. Mitrica, Markus Roth, K. Bekk, V. de Souza, R. Glasstetter, H.J. Gils, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, Claus Grupen, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mayer, N. Palmieri, D. Heck, G.C. Trinchero, F. Di Pierro, D. Fuhrmann, J. Oehlschläger, E. Cantoni, G. Toma, W. D. Apel, H. Ulrich, M. E. Bertaina, T. Pierog, J. Milke, J. Blümer, I.M. Brancus, K. Link, J. Zabierowski, H. Rebel, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, and C. Morello
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Cosmic Rays, Extensive Air Showers, Knee, Spectra, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electromagnetic spectrum, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Spectral line, KASCADE, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment operated at KIT from January 2004 to November 2012, measuring Extensive Air Showers (EAS) generated by primary cosmic rays in the 10 16 – 10 18 e V energy range. The experiment measured, for each single event, with a high resolution, the total number of charged particles ( N c h ) and of muons ( N μ ). In this contribution we summarize the results obtained about: (i) the measurement of the all particle energy spectrum, discussing the influence of the hadronic interaction model used to derive the energy calibration of the experimental data. (ii) The energy spectra derived separating the events according to the N μ / N c h ratio. This technique allowed us to unveil a steepening of the spectrum of heavy primaries at E ∼ 10 16.92 ± 0.04 e V and a hardening of the spectrum of light primaries at E ∼ 10 17.08 ± 0.08 e V . (ii) A search for large scale anisotropies.
Published: 2016

36. The cosmic ray energy spectrum in the range 1016–1018 eV measured by KASCADE-Grande

Author: Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. Navarra, H. J. Mathes, B. Mitrica, Peter Buchholz, F.G. Schröder, I.M. Brancus, Claus Grupen, Markus Roth, J. Engler, W. D. Apel, A. Chiavassa, M. Finger, P. Łuczak, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, J. Oehlschläger, N. Palmieri, P. Doll, M. Petcu, Ralph Engel, M. E. Bertaina, E. Cantoni, J. Blümer, J. Milke, K. Link, H. Rebel, A. Weindl, A. Haungs, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, J. Zabierowski, D. Kang, D. Heck, G.C. Trinchero, H.O. Klages, H. Schieler, K. Bekk, Karl-Heinz Kampert, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, S. Over, G. Toma, M. Melissas, D. Fuhrmann, R. Glasstetter, H.J. Mayer, H. Bozdog, H. Ulrich, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, F. Cossavella, M. Ludwig, P.G. Isar, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, and S. Nehls
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Air shower, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), KASCADE, Monte Carlo method, Calibration, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Charged particle
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Ger- many) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 10 14 − 10 18 eV. One of the main goals of the experiment is the measurement of the all particle en- ergy spectrum in the 10 16 − 10 18 eV range, i.e. extending the range accessible by KASCADE alone. The Grande detec- tor samples the charged component (Nch) of the air shower while the original KASCADE array provides in addition a measurement of the muon component (Nµ). The combined information of Nch and Nµ is used to estimate the energy on an event-by-event basis and to derive the all-particle energy spectrum. Since the calibration of the observables in terms of the primary energy depends on Monte Carlo simulations, three different methods with partially different sources of un
Published: 2011

37. Restoring the azimuthal symmetry of lateral distributions of charged particles in the range of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: H. Rebel, G. Toma, M. Finger, C. Manailescu, Ralph Engel, Karl-Heinz Kampert, J.C. Arteaga, P. Doll, D. Kang, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, M. Wommer, J. Oehlschläger, A. Chiavassa, H. J. Mathes, R. Glasstetter, Markus Roth, Andreas Haungs, V. de Souza, Claus Grupen, C. Morariu, M. E. Bertaina, F. Cosavella, I.M. Brancus, H.J. Mayer, J. Zabierowski, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, and T. Huege
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Azimuth, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Air shower, Distribution function, KASCADE, Particle, Particle density, Instrumentation, Charged particle
Abstract: The reconstruction of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) observed by particle detectors at the ground is based on the characteristics of observables like the lateral particle density and the arrival times. The lateral densities, inferred for different EAS components from detector data, are usually parameterised by applying various lateral distribution functions (LDFs). The LDFs are used in turn for evaluating quantities like the total number of particles or the density at particular radial distances. Typical expressions for LDFs anticipate azimuthal symmetry of the density around the shower axis. The deviations of the lateral particle density from this assumption arising from various reasons are smoothed out in the case of compact arrays like KASCADE, but not in the case of arrays like Grande, which only sample a smaller part of the azimuthal variation. KASCADE-Grande, an extension of the former KASCADE experiment, is a multi-component Extensive Air Shower (EAS) experiment located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Campus North), Germany. The lateral distributions of charged particles are deduced from the basic information provided by the Grande scintillators – the energy deposits – first in the observation plane, then in the intrinsic shower plane. In all steps azimuthal dependences should be taken into account. As the energy deposit in the scintillators is dependent on the angles of incidence of the particles, azimuthal dependences are already involved in the first step: the conversion from the energy deposits to the charged particle density. This is done by using the Lateral Energy Correction Function (LECF) that evaluates the mean energy deposited by a charged particle taking into account the contribution of other particles (e.g. photons) to the energy deposit. By using a very fast procedure for the evaluation of the energy deposited by various particles we prepared realistic LECFs depending on the angle of incidence of the shower and on the radial and azimuthal coordinates of the location of the detector. Mapping the lateral density from the observation plane onto the intrinsic shower plane does not remove the azimuthal dependences arising from geometric and attenuation effects, in particular for inclined showers. Realistic procedures for applying correction factors are developed. Specific examples of the bias due to neglecting the azimuthal asymmetries in the conversion from the energy deposit in the Grande detectors to the lateral density of charged particles in the intrinsic shower plane are given.
Published: 2011

38. The measurement of the cosmic ray primary energy spectrum at 1016–1018 eV with the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: H. Rebel, B. Mitrica, M. Finger, Kai Daumiller, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, J. Wochele, R. Glasstetter, F. Cossavella, Octavian Sima, J. Blümer, M. Petcu, D. Heck, Peter Buchholz, F. Di Pierro, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, C. Morello, I.M. Brancus, M. Melissas, W. D. Apel, H. Bozdog, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, Elena Cantoni, H.J. Mayer, A. Chiavassa, J. Engler, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, H. Ulrich, M. Ludwig, P.G. Isar, M. E. Bertaina, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, T. Huege, Ralph Engel, J. Milke, K. Link, H. J. Mathes, T. Pierog, A. Haungs, Piera Luisa Ghia, J. Zabierowski, G.C. Trinchero, F.G. Schröder, S. Nehls, G. Toma, D. Kang, G. Navarra, H.O. Klages, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, A. Weindl, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, C. Grupen, K. Bekk, and P. Doll
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment operates at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany. Itʼs aim is the study of the primary cosmic radiation, through Extensive Air Shower detection, in the range 1016–1018 eV. Here, measurements are of main interest to understand the high energy evolution of cosmic radiation: a change in the slope of the heavy primary spectrum is expected (as measured at lower energies for lighter primaries) as a possible confirmation of the predicted astrophysical mechanisms; moreover, in this range the transition from galactic to extragalactic radiation is supposed to take place and the observations could clarify the features of this transition, putting the basis for the interpretation of the data at the highest energies. For these tasks KASCADE-Grande fulfills very well the requirements, both concerning the acceptance and the experimental performances. The experiment is constituted by two co-operating arrays of detectors: the KASCADE array, with its 252 detectors in a dense grid of 200×200 m2 and the Grande array, made of 37 detectors arranged on a wider area of 700×700 m2. The Grande array samples the total charged particles size of the air shower, while the KASCADE array provides the muon size In this contribution, KASCADE-Grande measurement of the cosmic ray primary energy spectrum is presented. The exploited technique, calibrated with simulations, combines the charged particles component and muon component on a shower by shower basis, performing the energy estimation of each primary event. Other techniques are also performed, for a better evaluation of systematics and a check of consistency of the hadronic interaction model used in simulations.
Published: 2011

39. New measurements of cosmic ray air showers with the digital radio interferometer LOPES

Author: P. Łuczak, H. Gemmeke, N. Palmieri, M. Finger, Claus Grupen, A. Chiavassa, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, M. Ludwig, D. Kang, D. Heck, H. Bozdog, S.J. Lafebre, Heino Falcke, J. Blümer, H. J. Mathes, Tim Huege, L. Bähren, A. Weindl, F.G. Schröder, O. Krömer, Jan Kuijpers, D. Huber, J. A. Zensus, E. Cantoni, Ralph Engel, M. Wommer, Alexandra Saftoiu, J.C. Arteaga, A. Schmidt, A. Horneffer, K. Bekk, C. Rühle, C. Morello, T. Asch, D. Fuhrmann, W. D. Apel, Peter L. Biermann, Markus Roth, J. Rautenberg, Peter Buchholz, G. Toma, T. Pierog, I.M. Brancus, S. Nehls, Kai Daumiller, V. de Souza, Jörg R. Hörandel, P.G. Isar, G.C. Trinchero, J. Oehlschläger, M. E. Bertaina, Stijn Buitink, K. Link, A. Haungs, H. Rebel, J. Zabierowski, H. Schieler, M. Melissas, P. Doll, and K. H. Kampert
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), LOPES, Frequency band, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Aetiology, screening and detection [ONCOL 5], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Digital radio, law.invention, Radio telescope, Interferometry, Air shower, law, RÁDIO, Dipole antenna, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract: LOPES is a digital radio interferometer which measures the radio emission of extensive cosmic ray air showers. It mainly consists of 30 dipole antennas installed in co-location with KASCADE-Grande at the Karlsruhe Insti- tute of Technology (KIT) in Germany. KASCADE-Grande measures the secondary air shower particles at ground. Whenever KASCADE-Grande detects a high-energy cosmic ray event (� 10 16 eV), it triggers LOPES which then digi- tally records the radio signal in the frequency band from 40 to 80 MHz. Using interferometric methods, LOPES is able to successfully detect air shower induced radio pulses, even in the noisy environment at the KIT. In the present studies, a considerable progress in understanding the radio emission mechanism is shown: The latest version of the "radio emis
Published: 2011

40. THE EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: R. Engel, H. J. Mathes, M. Finger, Wolfgang Walkowiak, H.J. Mayer, J. Blümer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, T. Pierog, Y. Kolotaev, B. Mitrica, S. Over, C. Grupen, J. Zabierowski, Markus Roth, Piera Luisa Ghia, F. Di Pierro, S. Nehls, D. Fuhrmann, F. Cossavella, J. Engler, H. Ulrich, Frank G. Schröder, H. Bozdog, J.C. Arteaga, J. Wochele, C. Morello, P. Łuczak, J. van Buren, M. E. Bertaina, J. Oehlschläger, D. Heck, J. Milke, Paula Gina Isar, F. Badea, K. Bekk, G.C. Trinchero, H. Rebel, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, H.J. Gils, G. Schatz, D. Kickelbick, R. Glasstetter, V. de Souza, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. Navarra, Donghwa Kang, H.O. Klages, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, M. Stümpert, A. Weindl, E. Cantoni, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, W. D. Apel, K. H. Kampert, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, and P. Doll
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Muon, Air shower, KASCADE, Calorimeter (particle physics), Scintillation counter, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator
Abstract: The extensive air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector and Grande array) is located on site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany. The original KASCADE experiment consisted of a densely packed scintillator array with unshielded and shielded detectors for the measurement of the electromagnetic and muonic shower component independently, as well as muon tracking devices and a hadron calorimeter. The Grande array as an extension of KASCADE consists of 37 scintillation detector stations covering an area of 700×700 m2. The main goal for the combined measurements of KASCADE and Grande is the investigation of the energy spectrum and composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016 to 1018 eV. In this paper an overview of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and recent results will be presented.
Published: 2011

41. Muon production height studies with the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author: P. Doll, Jörg R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Ludwig, J. Oehlschläger, P.G. Isar, H. J. Mathes, A. Chiavassa, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, G.C. Trinchero, R. Obenland, F.G. Schröder, B. Mitrica, Markus Roth, H. Bozdog, H. Rebel, M. E. Bertaina, J. Engler, R. Glasstetter, J. Milke, H. Ulrich, M. Melissas, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, T. Pierog, D. Heck, Kai Daumiller, G. Schatz, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, F. Cossavella, T. Huege, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, H.J. Mayer, G. Navarra, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, C. Büttner, J.C. Arteaga, J. Blümer, K. Bekk, G. Toma, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, Claus Grupen, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, A. Weindl, K. Link, J. Zabierowski, E. Cantoni, Ralph Engel, Andreas Haungs, W. D. Apel, M. Finger, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie - Campus Nord, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie - Campus Süd, Dipartimento di Fı'sica Generale dell'Università, National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Department of Physics, and University of Bucharest (UniBuc)
Subjects: Air shower, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Shower, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Muon production height, Physics, Muons, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, KASCADE, Electromagnetic shielding, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: International audience; A large area (128 m) muon tracking detector, located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (E> 0.8 GeV) and their angular correlation in extensive air showers by track measurements under 18 r.l. shielding. Orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial and tangential angles, which are the basic tools for all muon investigations with the tracking detector. By means of triangulation the muon production height is determined. Distributions of measured production heights are compared to CORSIKA shower simulations. Analysis of these heights reveals a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particles with increasing shower energy in the energy region of the 'Knee' of the cosmic ray spectrum.
Published: 2011

42. Muon Production Height investigated by the Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author: T. Pierog, Frank G. Schröder, J.C. Arteaga, M. E. Bertaina, H. Blümer, J. Wochele, J. Milke, F. Badea, G. Toma, Piera Luisa Ghia, E. Cantoni, Octavian Sima, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, S. Nehls, C. Grupen, J. Engler, D. Heck, K. Bekk, J. Oehlschläger, Peter Buchholz, Paula Gina Isar, M. Stümpert, H. Schieler, I.M. Brancus, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, Kai Daumiller, P. Łuczak, P. Doll, H.J. Mayer, A. Weindl, Andrea Chiavassa, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, W. D. Apel, T. Huege, R. Engel, Y. Kolotaev, S. Ostapchenko, A. Haungs, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, D. Kickelbick, H. Bozdog, V. de Souza, J. Zabierowski, D. Kang, H. Ulrich, R. Glasstetter, H.O. Klages, G.C. Trinchero, G. Navarra, M. Finger, S. Over, M. Petcu, K. H. Kampert, D. Fuhrmann, J. van Buren, M. Brüggemann, F. Cossavella, H.J. Gils, and H. J. Mathes
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Track (disk drive), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Electromagnetic shielding, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A large area (128m2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons ( E μ > 0.8 GeV ) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial- and tangential angles. By means of triangulation the muon production height H μ is determined. By means of H μ , a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particles with increasing shower energy E o from 1–10 PeV is observed.
Published: 2009

43. The Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author: G. Toma, M. Finger, Kai Daumiller, Wolfgang Walkowiak, F. Badea, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Cossavella, M. Petcu, D. Kickelbick, H.J. Mayer, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Andrea Chiavassa, V. de Souza, R. Engel, E. Cantoni, G.C. Trinchero, S. Ostapchenko, T. Huege, S. Over, Frank G. Schröder, M. E. Bertaina, D. Fuhrmann, J.C. Arteaga, H. Schieler, M. Stümpert, Karl-Heinz Kampert, D. Kang, A. Weindl, H. Bozdog, H.J. Gils, M. Brüggemann, J. Milke, Peter Buchholz, P. Łuczak, I.M. Brancus, P. Doll, H.O. Klages, J. Blümer, C. Grupen, W. D. Apel, G. Navarra, H. J. Mathes, K. Bekk, Andreas Haungs, T. Pierog, J. Zabierowski, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Paula Gina Isar, H. Rebel, R. Glasstetter, Markus Roth, J. Engler, M. Wommer, Y. Kolotaev, J. Oehlschläger, B. Mitrica, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, and D. Heck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, law, Shielded cable, Energy spectrum
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700 m 2 , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200 m 2 with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1 EeV. An overview on the performance of the apparatus and first results will be given.
Published: 2009

44. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with KASCADE air shower data

Author: J.R. Hörandel, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Air shower, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parameter space, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: The description of high-energy hadronic interactions plays an important role in the (astrophysical) interpretation of air shower data. The parameter space important for the development of air showers (energy and kinematical range) extends well beyond todays accelerator capabilities. Therefore, accurate measurements of air showers are used to constrain modern models to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. The results obtained are complementary to information gained at accelerators and add to our understanding of high-energy hadronic interactions.
Published: 2009

45. Recent results of the LOPES experiment

Author: K. Link, A. Haungs, H. Rebel, G. Toma, H. Bozdog, M. Wommer, H. Gemmeke, T. Huege, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, F. Cossavella, F. Di Pierro, J. Zabierowski, C. Morello, D. Kickelbick, M. Ludwig, A. Nigl, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Peter L. Biermann, A. Saftoiu, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, V. de Souza, M. Finger, G. Navarra, W. D. Apel, K. Singh, Jörg R. Hörandel, Frank G. Schröder, T. Asch, J. A. Zensus, J.C. Arteaga, J. Wochele, M. Melissas, R. Engel, E. Cantoni, Octavian Sima, J. Oehlschläger, A. Horneffer, D. Kang, Peter Buchholz, O. Krömer, S. Over, J. Blümer, I.M. Brancus, D. Fuhrmann, H. Schieler, D. Heck, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Markus Roth, L. Bähren, T. Pierog, Y. Kolotaev, M. Brüggemann, H. Ulrich, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, G.C. Trinchero, H. J. Mathes, M. Petcu, P. Doll, Paula Gina Isar, A. Schmidt, R. Glasstetter, J. Rautenberg, Kai Daumiller, M. E. Bertaina, Stijn Buitink, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, C. Grupen, Moses Ender, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, S.J. Lafebre, F. Badea, and K. Bekk
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Data processing, Interferometry, Air shower, Meteorology, LOPES, Digital radio, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Remote sensing
Abstract: LOPES measures radio pulses from extensive air showers and aims to calibrate the emitted signal in the primary energy range of 1016–1018 eV. LOPES, a digital radio interferometer using high bandwidths and fast data processing, is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and profits from the reconstructed air shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. We report about recent analysis results of the radio signals measured by LOPES.
Published: 2009

46. Analysis of inclined showers measured with LOPES

Author: A. Saftoiu, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Amplitude, Air shower, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, KASCADE, Antenna (radio), business, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Instrumentation
Abstract: In the present study, we analyze the radio signal from inclined air showers recorded by LOPES-30 in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. LOPES-30 consists of 30 East–West oriented digital antennas, which are amplitude calibrated by an external source. Radio emission from air showers is considered a geomagnetic effect. Inclined events provide a larger range of values for geomagnetic angle (angle between shower axis and geomagnetic field direction) than vertical showers and thus more information on the emission processes can be gathered. In order to have the geometry of the air shower we use the reconstruction provided by the KASCADE-Grande particle detectors array. Analyzing events observed by both LOPES and the extended part of the KASCADE array, Grande, gives the possibility to test in particular the capability and efficiency of radio detection of more distant events. The results are compared with a previous analysis of inclined events recorded by the initial 10 antenna set-up, LOPES-10, in coincidence with the Grande array.
Published: 2009

47. Recent Results from KASCADE-Grande and LOPES

Author: K.-H. Kampert, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, M. Ender, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, M. Melissas, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, LOPES, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, KASCADE, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air-shower experiment located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700 m 2 , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200 m 2 with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1 EeV. LOPES is co-located at the same site to measure radio pulses from extensive air showers in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. It consists of 30 digital antennas operated in different geometrical configurations. Read out is performed at high bandwidths and rate data processing with the aim to calibrate the emitted signal in the primary energy range of 10 16 − 10 18 eV by making use of reconstructed air-shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. An overview on the performance of both experiments will be given and recent analysis results be reported.
Published: 2009

48. Air shower measurements with the LOPES radio antenna array

Author: A. Haungs, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Digital radio, Antenna array, Interferometry, Air shower, Optics, Amplitude, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, business, Instrumentation, Radio wave
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. Since radio waves suffer very little attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers. These waves can be recorded day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. LOPES is designed as a digital radio interferometer using high bandwidths and fast data processing and profits from the reconstructed air shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. The LOPES antennas are absolutely amplitude calibrated allowing to reconstruct the electric field strength which can be compared with predictions from detailed Monte Carlo simulations. We report about the analysis of correlations present in the radio signals measured by the LOPES 30 antenna array. Additionally, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES-STAR) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Status, recent results of the data analysis and further perspectives of LOPES and the possible large scale application of this new detection technique are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, Contribution to the Arena 2008 conference, Rome, June 2008
Published: 2009

49. KASCADE-Grande: An overview and first results

Author: H. J. Mathes, M. Petcu, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, H.O. Klages, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, R. Engel, Markus Roth, J. Wochele, J. Engler, A. Chiavassa, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Octavian Sima, F. Badea, D. Heck, Y. Kolotaev, P. Luczak, H.J. Mayer, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, K. H. Kampert, C. Meurer, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, Tim Huege, G.C. Trinchero, M. Finger, K. Bekk, J.R. Hörandel, G. Toma, M. Stümpert, S. Ostapchenko, Paula Gina Isar, A. Morales, M. Brüggemann, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, H. Schieler, A. Weindl, T. Pierog, J. Blümer, H. Ulrich, H. Rebel, P. Doll, Piera Luisa Ghia, F. Cossavella, S. Nehls, Claus Grupen, R. Glasstetter, J.C. Arteaga, G. Navarra, J. van Buren, Kai Daumiller, J. Oehlschläger, and W. D. Apel
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KASCADE, Astronomy, Detector, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Knee region, Scintillator, Instrumentation
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany), is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment to study cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 10 14 –10 18 eV. After detailed investigations of the knee in the spectrum with KASCADE and EAS-TOP experiments, the main goal of KASCADE-Grande is to provide conclusive results on the knee region by detecting the expected iron knee in the spectrum at around 10 17 eV, and measuring the composition in the possible transition region between galactic and extragalactic components. Due to its multi-component characteristics, basically the former KASCADE experiment enriched by two new arrays of scintillator detectors (Grande and Piccolo), with the aim of providing a large acceptance area (0.5 km 2 ) and prompt trigger signal, KASCADE-Grande is a suitable array to provide refined measurements in the 10 16 –10 18 eV region. In the following, we briefly report on the characteristics of the detector, its performance, and first results based on 2 years of data taking. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 95.85.Ry
Published: 2008

50. Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Author: K. Daumiller, J. Sorokin, D. Gonzalez, Miroslav Pech, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Catherine Newman-Holmes, F. Suarez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Zepeda, A. Letessier-Selvon, H. O. Klages, Hernán Asorey, W. Slater, M. Zavrtanik, A. Zech, G. Miele, M. Ave, R. M. de Almeida, S. Maltezos, R. Meyhandan, M. D. Healy, K. Arisaka, L. Prado, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Francesc Ferrer, Andreas Kopmann, R. Mussa, X. Garrido, Jc Bacelar, E. Moreno, L. Perrone, A. Gorgi, O. Deligny, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, E. M. Santos, Helio Nogima, F. Arneodo, Mohsen Harakeh, D. R. Claes, D. Maurizio, N. Kunka, H. Glass, Jan Kuijpers, C. Di Giulio, I. C. Maris, Enrique Zas, E. Kemp, T. Beau, José Eduardo Martinez, Xavier Bertou, D. Torresi, B. R. Becker, Petr Schovanek, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. H. Wiebusch, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, S. Westerhoff, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, B. Wilczynska, M. T. Dova, L. Nožka, T. Vo Van, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, L. A. de Carvalho, J. N. Capdevielle, J. Chye, A. Della Selva, C. Grunfeld, V. Tunnicliffe, J. Gitto, R. R. McNeil, A. Chou, L. Nellen, R. Piegaia, L. Villasenor, T. McCauley, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Cordier, C. Bonifazi, H. Blümer, A. Lopez Agüera, S. Ostapchenko, T. Dang Quang, I. Valiño, A. Insolia, M. E. Mancenido, Milena Horvat, M. Kleifges, Esteban Roulet, C. Grupen, Andrej Filipcic, J. Knapp, Warner A. Miller, C. Aramo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Alan Watson, E. Armengaud, R. Gómez Herrero, R. A. Vázquez, R. Engel, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Patel, H. Spinka, Heiko Geenen, G. Rodriguez, Dariusz Gora, E. J. Quel, A. Tripathi, S. Kuhlman, M. Barkhausen, S. B. Clay, R. Fonte, B. E. Smith, G. Mancarella, A. D. Supanitsky, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, C. Morello, R. Ticona, W. Tkaczyk, M. C. Medina, J. Rodríguez Martino, T. Yamamoto, T. Venters, J. Pallotta, J. Matthews, A. Ewers, V. Van Elewyck, O. Blanch-Bigas, Angela V. Olinto, A. Etchegoyen, E. Strazzeri, J. Kleinfeller, B. Garcia, C. Bleve, Oleg Kalashev, Luis A. Anchordoqui, C. Hojvat, J. C. Hamilton, P. D. J. Clark, A. C. Fauth, Carlos Escobar, M. A. L. de Oliveira, Marco Aglietta, P. Bernardini, D. Lebrun, V. Verzi, I. De Mitri, F. Montanet, Jose Chinellato, A. Haungs, S. Maldera, B. Revenu, C. Robledo, P. Gouffon, O. Pisanti, K.-H. Becker, O. Tascau, A. Grillo, D. D'Urso, M. Zha, Vincenzo Rizi, P. Younk, Y. Petrov, Giuseppe Longo, C. Alvarez, R. Cester, Jose A. Bellido, L. F. A. Oliveira, L. del Peral, D. V. Camin, F. Sanchez, D. Allard, A. Horneffer, Dusan Mandat, J. Aublin, L. Cazon, J. A. J. Matthews, C. Aguirre, P. Allison, Silvia Mollerach, R. Bonino, J. W. Cronin, J.R. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rosado, Antonio Velarde, T. Pierog, J. C. D'Olivo, A. Menshikov, E. Fokitis, D. Rodríguez Frías, E. Parizot, J. M. Brunet, M. Ortiz, D. Warner, G. Sigl, Petr Travnicek, R. W. Clay, A. Fernandez, B. Fick, T. Paul, Alejandro Luis Veiga, T. Asch, J. Brack, T. Schmidt, H. Dembinski, M. A. DuVernois, A. Kusenko, N. Martinez, G. Medina, T. Nguyen Thi, A. Geranios, T. Bäcker, M. Kaducak, Fabian Gobbi, D. Semikoz, G. Wieczorek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, B. Keilhauer, N. Fazzini, A. Tonachini, H. C. Reis, M. Ambrosio, R. C. Shellard, H. J. Mathes, S. Reucroft, D. Harari, Matthias Leuthold, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Morris, G. Cataldi, S. Parlati, Francisco J. Blanco, H. Wahlberg, Bei Cai, G. Sequeiros, C. Roucelle, Darko Veberic, S. Coutu, A. M. van den Berg, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Luis N. Epele, Heino Falcke, M. Urban, J. Pouryamout, Lawrence Wiencke, G. Parente, D. Heck, P. Skelton, M. Gonzalez, R. Knapik, F. Arqueros, H. Schieler, J. Lee, M. Prouza, A. Smialkowski, Y. Kolotaev, N. Smetniansky De Grande, Bruno L. Lago, G. Navarra, N. G. Busca, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, C. Meurer, M. Tueros, W. J. M. de Mello, P. Darriulat, P. Bauleo, D. Fazio, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Harmsma, C. Rivière, A. Tamburro, M. Monasor, V. Scherini, Diego Melo, Segev BenZvi, Mario Scuderi, A. Dorofeev, J. Xu, M. Roth, R. Nichol, Gregory R Snow, P. Sommers, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, Corbin Covault, F. Gomez Albarracin, T. Suomijärvi, P. Blasi, P. Privitera, J. Gutiérrez, S. Robbins, A. Filevich, D. Pham Ngoc, R. Pelayo, J. Rautenberg, M. Iarlori, P. L. Ghia, Subir Sarkar, M. Boratav, P. Mantsch, M. Boháčová, U. Cotti, S. Hartmann, J. C. Diaz, R. Ulrich, J. Beatty, D. Martello, Juan Pablo Gongora, Martin Erdmann, J. Swain, M. Risse, German Ros, N. Nierstenhöfer, W. Fulgione, M. Hrabovský, D. Tscherniakhovski, R. Lopez, J. Pȩkala, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Stutz, P. L. Biermann, Rossella Caruso, O. Martinez, S. J. Sciutto, M. I. Micheletti, G. Gelmini, P. Buchholz, P. O. Mazur, J. L. Harton, Piotr Homola, Marcos Santander, P. Facal San Luis, D. Zavrtanik, C. Wileman, D. Fuhrmann, J. Oehlschläger, O. Krömer, Z. Szadkowski, M. Ziolkowski, Beatriz B. Siffert, S. Petrera, J. Řídký, F. Guarino, D. Newton, T. Waldenmaier, G. P. Guedes, M. Malek, Radomir Smida, C. Delle Fratte, F. Salamida, B. Morales, T. N. Pham Thi, M. G. Winnick, G. Tristram, J. D. Hague, P. LeBrun, H. Wilczynski, P. Walker, P. Boghrat, L. Valore, D. Barnhill, M. Roberts, V. Grassi, A. Chiavassa, G. Salina, D. Nosek, G. Maurin, M. Gómez Berisso, O. Wainberg, T. A. Porter, A. Risi, C. Lachaud, R. Sato, B. Connolly, D. Monnier Ragaigne, J. Abraham, P. Billoir, A. Lucero, A. Meli, L. Garrard, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Videla, Thomas Hebbeker, B. S. Atulugama, M. Unger, J. C. Anjos, K. S. Caballero-Mora, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, S. Dagoret-Campagne, D. Nitz, D. Dornic, J. Chauvin, S. De Jong, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafa, T. Ohnuki, P. Petrinca, M. McEwen, V. de Souza, S. Vorobiov, H. Gemmeke, A. F. Barbosa, M. Palatka, I. M. Pepe, A. C. Rovero, M. Gold, A. Tamashiro, K. Payet, L. Otero, I. Fleck, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, P. Sokolsky, D. H. Koang, L. Voyvodic, G. A. Medina Tanco, S. Ferry, J., Abraham, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, P., Allison, C., Alvarez, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, J. C., Anjo, C., Aramo, K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, J., Bacelar, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, H. M. J., Barbosa, M., Barkhausen, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, P., Boghrat, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, J. M., Brunet, P., Buchholz, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, J. N., Capdevielle, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, D., Clae, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, S. B., Clay, B., Connolly, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, S., Dagoret Campagne, T., Dang Quang, P., Darriulat, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, L. A., de Carvalho, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, W. J. M. de Mello J., R., J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, M. A. L., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, A., Ewer, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, A. C., Fauth, D., Fazio, N., Fazzini, A., Fernandez, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, E., Fokiti, R., Fonte, D., Fuhrmann, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Pinto, L., Garrard, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, A., Geranio, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, F., Gobbi, M. S., Gold, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, M., Goncalves do Amaral, J. P., Gongora, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, C., Grupen, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, M. N., Harakeh, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, M., Kaducak, O., Kalashev, K. H., Kampert, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, Y., Kolotaev, A., Kopmann, O., Kromer, S., Kuhlman, J., Kuijper, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, G., Longo, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, A., Lucero, S., Maldera, M., Malek, S., Maltezo, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, Martello, Daniele, N., Martinez, J., Martinez, O., Martinez, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, G., Maurin, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa', M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, T., Nguyen Thi, R., Nichol, N., Nierstenhofer, D., Nitz, H., Nogima, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, L. F. A., Oliveira, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, M., Patel, T., Paul, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, D., Pham Ngoc, T. N., Pham Thi, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, O., Pisanti, T. A., Porter, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, A., Risi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, S., Robbin, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, E. M., Santo, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, D., Semikoz, G., Sequeiro, R. C., Shellard, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, P., Skelton, W., Slater, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Ticona, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, A., Tonachini, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, T., Vo Van, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, O., Wainberg, T., Waldenmaier, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, J., Xu, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Zha, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, APC - THEORIE, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, Longo, Giuseppe, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, D'Urso, Domenico, Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Raggi cosmici, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropies, Centro galattico, Galactic centre, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, media_common, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Anisotropie, centro galáctico, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiación cósmica, Anisotropía, Galaxy, Sky, Experimental High Energy Physics
Abstract: Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius $A$. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction., Comment: Matches published version
Published: 2007

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