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Stigmatic configurations for spherical holographic gratings are generally explained by the properties of the harmonic conjugate points; this global approach, however, does not explain how the various aberrations generated by the blank are cancelled by the hologram. In this paper, light path function analysis is used to explain this balancing effect and to derive practical VUV configurations.

Optical properties of spherical or aspherical holographic gratings are investigated from the imaging point of view. Basic conditions for aplanetism are first expressed, the object image and recording point sources being located on circles centered on the grating tangent. The performances (resolution, anamorphism) of some imaging configurations are described.

Various aplanatic flat field spectrometers fitted with spherical or aspherical holographic gratings are described. Basic conditions for stationary anastigmatism are first expressed, the object and image being located on the sagittal focus. Optical performances of some coma corrected configurations are finally described.

This paper deals with the opto-mechanical design and some experimental results of a new anastigmatic normal incidence monochromator. The configuration involves a plane holographic grating used in convergent light, and the first part of this paper will be devoted to the optimization of the Line Spread Function.

In this paper we investigate the optical design criteria of an VUV or XUV three beam grating interferometer whose performances has been experimentally checked in the visible spectral region.

In this paper I describe new stigmatic VUV and XUV monochromators specially designed to match the “etendue” of Super ACO. Fixed horizontal and vertical diffracted beam divergences, as well as uniform sample illumination are allowed; moreover, particular gratings delivering diffraction limited monochromatic convergent beams also allow image evaluation of optical instruments.

The Strehl criterion can be satisfied for particular symmetrical mounts fitted with toroidal holographic gratings having a non-uniform groove distribution if the latter does not introduce any defect in focus or astigmatic correction.

In this paper we describe new types of VUV monochromators using only spherical or plane type V holographic gratings. New design rules using physical optics associated with the phase balancing method are suggested to achieve diffraction limited performances.

The purpose of this communication is to design the optimum optical parameters of far ultraviolet corrected symmetrical monochromators using concave gratings.

A vacuum reflectometer for the UV and VUV spectral range was developed for qualification of optical components below 400 nm. Typical performances, in the 120-320 nm spectral range, of filters and mirrors offered by MATRA will be presented. Fitted with various gratings and sources this device allows reflecting, transmitting power as well as scattered or diffracted flux measurements (gratings efficiency measurements) until 25 nm.