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This meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its different protocols versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or control on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c levels, and fasting glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The search strategy was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Sport DISCUS, and PEDro, until January 2023. A total of 31 studies (1092 individuals) were included. When compared to control, HIIT decreased total cholesterol by −0.31 mmol/L (95% CI −0.49; −0.12), LDL by −0.31 mmol/L (95% CI −0.49; −0.12), triglycerides by −0.27 mmol/L (95% CI −0.33; −0.2), HbA1c by −0.75% (95% CI −0.97; −0.53), fasting glucose by −1.15 mmol/L (95% CI −1.44; −0.86), and increased HDL by 0.24 mmol/L (95% CI 0.06; 0.42). No difference was found in the comparison between HIIT versus MICT for any of the outcomes analysed, however subgroup analysis showed that a moderate-interval (>30s to < 2 min) and moderate-term (>4 to < 12 weeks) HIIT protocol reduced total cholesterol, when compared to MICT. HIIT is able to improve lipid profile and glycaemic control in T2DM individuals, and specific protocols can be recommended for improving total cholesterol levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the effects of combined training (CT) versus aerobic training (AT) or versus control on VO2 peak and quadriceps muscle strength in patients with heart failure (HF). Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to November 2020, for randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of CT against AT or control on VO2 peak and/or quadriceps muscle strength in patients with HF. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). Twenty-eight articles were included. An increase on VO2 peak (SMD = 0.77, 95%CI 0.39–1.14, I2=80.1%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.67, 95%CI 0.18–1.16, I2=0%) was found in CT compared to control. CT increased quadriceps muscle strength, versus AT (SMD = 0.44, 95%CI 0.15–0.74, I2=0%). There were no differences between CT and AT on VO2 peak (SMD=–0.01, 95%CI –0.36 to 0.34, I2=65%). Time of session and training duration moderate the effects of CT over control on VO2 peak. CT promotes increases on quadriceps muscle strength and aerobic capacity over control and provides additional gains on quadriceps muscle strength, having the same effects on VO2 peak compared to AT. A longer time of session is associated with greater benefits to aerobic capacity. Combining aerobic and strength training increases the functional capacity and quadriceps muscle strength in heart failure patients. Using longer sessions of training has a greater impact on aerobic capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different intensities and waveforms of therapeutic ultrasound on endothelial function in typically healthy participants. Methods: A total of 15 participants were evaluated over 2 consecutive days. Different intensities of continuous and pulsed (20% duty cycle) 1-MHz ultrasound were applied to the brachial artery for 5 minutes each. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated dilation technique before and immediately after ultrasound was applied. Results: Compared to baseline values, endothelium-dependent vasodilation increased with both continuous (2.8%) and pulsed (1.6%) ultrasound at an intensity of 0.4 W/cm2SPTA. At 1.2 W/cm2SPTA, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was 4.1% above baseline for pulsed and 5.3% above baseline for continuous waveforms. There was no additional increase in vasodilation at intensities above 1.2 W/cm2SPTA. The percentage of endothelium-dependent vasodilation was similar for the all of the different waveforms studied. Conclusions: Both continuous and pulsed ultrasound waveforms promote endothelium-dependent vasodilation. There was a dose-dependent increase in vasodilation at intensities from 0.4 W/cm2SPTA to 1.2 W/cm2SPTA. Pulsed is more efficient than continuous ultrasound because it produces the same effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilation while employing 20% of the energy applied with continuous ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Health Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)