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BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee problem. The foot posture in a relaxed stance is reported as a distal factor of PFP. However, the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) on the knee and functional factors have not yet been investigated in patients with PFP. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the additional effects of SFE on knee pain, foot biomechanics, and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with PFP following a standard exercise program. METHODS: Thirty patients with a ‘weak and pronated’ foot subgroup of PFP were randomized into a control group (ConG, n= 15) and a short foot exercise group (SFEG, n= 15) with concealed allocation and blinded to the group assignment. The program of ConG consisted of hip and knee strengthening and stretching exercises. SFEG program consisted of additional SFE. Both groups performed the supervised training protocol two times per week for 6 weeks. Assessment measures were pain visual analog scale (pVAS), Kujala Patellofemoral Score (KPS), navicular drop test (NDT), rearfoot angle (RA), foot posture index (FPI), and strength tests of the lower extremity muscles. RESULTS: Both groups displayed decreases in pVAS scores, but it was only significant in favor of SFEG. NDT, RA, and FPI scores decreased in SFEG whereas they increased in ConG. There was a significant group-by-time interaction effect in hip extensor strength and between-group difference was found to be significantly in favor of SFEG. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention program consisting of additional SFE had positive effects on knee pain, navicular position, and rearfoot posture. An increase in the strength of the hip extensors may also be associated with improved stabilization by SFE.

Background It was well known that patellofemoral pain (PFP) has multifactorial aetiology. Increased navicular drop measures and especially more pronated foot posture in stance phase have been reported as distal factors.1,2 Foot orthosis are recommended as distal interventions but remained passive.3 For this reason, short foot exercise (SFE),4 as an active approach, may be of significant benefit in patients with PFP. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SFE on pain, knee and foot biomechanics in patients with PFP. Methods Twenty-two patients with PFP, mean age was 40.91±10.73, included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (KHE) was followed under the exercise program including knee and hip exercises, and the second group (SFE) was followed under SFE in addition to the same exercise program 2 days per a week for 6 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, for pain at walking, sitting, squatting, climbing stairs Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Kujala Patellofemoral Symptom Scale (KPSS); for knee and foot biomechanics measurement of Q angle, Navicular Drop Test (NDT), Calcaneo-tibial angle (CTA) and Foot Posture Index (FPI) were performed. Results As a result of this study, it was found that all parameters were improved in both groups, whereas the improvements in the pain intensity (VAS) of sitting and stair activities, values of Q angles, NDT, CTA and FPI were statistically significant in SFE group compared to KHE group (p Conclusions In conclusion, it was shown that SFE has positive effects on pain, knee and foot biomechanics in patients with PFP. At this point, SFE is an exercise approach in order to increase the success of the rehabilitation program in patients with PFP. References [1] Lankhorst NE, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Middelkoop M. Risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(2):81–94. [2] Lankhorst NE, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Middelkoop M. Factors associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(4):193–206. [3] Crossley KM, Stefanik JJ, Selfe J, Collins NJ, Davis IS, Powers CM, et al. 2016Patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Manchester. Part 1: Terminology, definitions, clinical examination, natural history, patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patient-reported outcome measures. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):839–43. [4] McKeon PO, Hertel J, Bramble D, Davis I. The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(5):290. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a multidimensional exercise program on symptoms and antiinflammatory status in female patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The BATH Indexes, Dougados Functional Index (DFI), Health Assessment Questionnaire in Spondyloarthopathies (HAQ-S), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate twenty-four female AS patients. ESR, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were also analyzed. All patients were assessed at baseline and with 3 weeks intervals till 12 week. A multidimensional exercise program was applied for three times a week. Results There were significant differences in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Index (BAS-G) and Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), HAQ-S, ASQoL and BDI scores (p . The level of the ESR, CRP and IL-6 fluctuated slightly. There was only significant difference at 3 and 12 weeks as compared to baseline levels in TNF-α values (p = 0.048, p . Conclusion We concluded that multidimensional exercise program should be taken into consideration for AS patients due to its positive effects on symptoms and antiinflammatory effects.

Background Exercise programs have been being provided in Hacettepe University for 12 years. The group exercises were transformed into a book named as “Bilissel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklasimi (BETY) (1)” in 2014 and were registered as a trademark by the Turkish Patent Institute in 2015. This approach includes cognitive processes in pain management, clinical pilates exercises and awareness of mood state via dance therapy (2).When rheumatic patients participating in BETY sessions, they are evaluated with appropriate scales for their diseases and it is stated that these scales do not express enough the healing properties they feel with BETY. Objectives The aim was to develop a new scale assessing the biopsychosocial aspects of healing properties in rheumatic patients. Methods After 12 years of treatment, cognitive beliefs about health perceptions were gathered from the patients who participates in the BETY group for at least 5 years, with the open-ended question “What kind of changes did you make in this group?”. After elimination of similar sentences, 30 cognitive beliefs about different health perceptions were obtained. The newly developed scale was applied to 89 patients aged 18–69 years (42,94±12.85), who had different rheumatic diseases and were not included in the BETY group. Working questions were determined. Results The internal consistency was found to be 0.89. In this process, 5 items that didn9t work and had the same meaning were removed from the scale. After this, “What kind of improvements did you make in Daily life by participating in the BETY group?” question was asked to the patients participated in BETY group to narrow the expressions and 5 new sentences are determined. The scale was sent to 24 rheumatologists and 2 physiatrists for expert opinion. 15 rheumatologists and 1 physiatrist were returned. When the survey items were examined on a question-based basis, the acceptance rate of all questions was 70.83%. According to this result, the scale was finalized. Structural validity of the created draft will be investigated in the subheadings of functional activity, pain, sexual life, fear of movement, mood. Conclusions As a result, an original scale which will assess the biopsychosocial aspects of healing properties in rheumatic patients is developed. Our future purpose is to investigate the validation of this scale in different rheumatic diseases. References E.Unal (Ed.) Romatizmal Hastaliklarda Biyopsikososyal Model: Bilissel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklasimi (BETY), 2014, Pelikan Yayincilik, Ankara. ISBN: 9786056474101. Kisacik,P. Unal,E. Akman,U. Yapali,G. Karabulut,E. Akdogan,A. Investigatition the effects of a multidimensional exercise program on sypmtoms and antiinflammatory status in female patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Complementary Ther. Clin. Pract. 22(2016):38–43. Acknowledgements The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Disclosure of Interest None declared

WOS: 000419158200017 PubMed ID: 29037638 Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Clinical Pilates exercises on patients with shoulder pain. Material and methods: Thirty-three patients, experiencing shoulder pain continuously for at least four weeks were selected as study subjects. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely Clinical Pilates exercise (n = 17) group and conventional exercise (n = 16) group. The patients were treated for five days a week, the total treatment being carried out for 10 days. The assessment of pain and disability amongst the patients were done at the baseline and at the end of the treatment sessions, using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Results: The clinical Pilates exercise group showed a significant improvement in all scores used for assessment (p < 0.05), while the conventional exercise group demonstrated a significant improvement only in the SPADI total score (p < 0.05). A comparison of scores for the VAS, SPADI-Pain and SPADI-Total between the two groups, revealed a significant improvement in the Clinical Pilates exercise group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was demonstrated by the study that Clinical Pilates exercise is an efficient technique for patients experiencing shoulder pain, as it helps reduce pain and disability among them.

Background Clinical pilates exercises are described as mind-body exercise models which are also recommended on treatment of rheumatic diseases (1, 2). Since dancetherapy has positive effects on mood, it has been preferred in the rehabilitation of the chronic diseases in recent years (3,4). However, clinical pilates exercises combined with dancetherapy in rheumatic patients is not found in the literature. Objectives To investigate the effects of clinical pilates exercise combined with dancetherapy on mood in rheumatic patients. Methods 20 rheumatic patients aged 42.00±12.00 years were participated in this study. Mood status of the patients were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Patients performed supervised clinical pilates exercises in a period of one hour, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. Dancetherapy was added to only 12 of patients9 program once a week, one hour, for 10 weeks. Results All scores improved in all patients9 for the post-exercise assessments relevant to the pre-exercise assessments. However, statistically significant improvement were observed only in MSPSS scores for the patients participated to the dancetherapy sessions (p Conclusions Clinical pilates exercises may provide improvement in mood characteristics in rheumatic patients. We concluded that these exercises enhance patients social support perceptions when combined with dancetherapy. References Yakut E, Yagli NV, Akdogan A, Kiraz S. The role of Pilates exercises in patients with osteoarthritis of knee: a pilot study. J Turkish Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 2006;17(2):51–60. Dinas PC, Koutedakis Y, Flouris AD. Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression. Irish journal of medical science. 2011;180(2):319–25. Belardinelli R, Lacalaprice F, Ventrella C, Volpe L, Faccenda E. Waltz dancing in patients with chronic heart failure: new form of exercise training. Circulation Heart failure. 2008;1(2):107–14. Hackney ME, Earhart GM. Effects of dance on movement control in Parkinson9s disease: a comparison of Argentine tango and American ballroom. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2009;41(6):475–81. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Background Proprioception is a deep perception which constitutes kinesthesia and position sense. In particular, it is extremely affected due to cartilage degeneration in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee (1–3). Although exercise treatment is suggested as an effective method in OA, there is no study that investigates the effects of clinical pilates exercises on proprioception in patients with OA of the knee. Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of clinical pilates exercises on kinesthesia and position sense in patients with knee OA. Methods 39 patients with knee osteoarthritis defined as Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade1 and 2 at mean age 55.95± 5.54 years and disease duration 6.59± 3.15 years were participated in this study (Control group; 20 patients, Exercise group; 19 patients). Exercise group attended in clinical pilates exercises sessions for three times a week (one hour session) during ten weeks. Kinesthesia and position sense were assessed with PMS-1000 Proprioception Test, Sport Expert Proprioceptional Sports Tech. Instrument. All measurements were repeated after ten weeks. Results Although the kinesthesia perception of patients improved (p 0.05). There were no improvements in control group according to pre- and post-treatment values. Conclusions As a conclusion, clinical pilates exercises should be kept in mind in terms of kinesthesia in patients with OA of the knee. We recommended that in further OA-related-studies using clinical pilates exercises, position sense should be examined in more detail. References Felson DT, Gross KD, Nevitt MC, Yang M, Lane NE, Torner JC, et al. The effects of impaired joint position sense on the development and progression of pain and structural damage in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2009;61(8):1070–6. van der Esch M, Steultjens M, Harlaar J, Knol D, Lems W, Dekker J. Joint proprioception, muscle strength, and functional ability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2007;57(5):787–93. Cammarata ML, Dhaher YY. Associations between frontal plane joint stiffness and proprioceptive acuity in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis care & research. 2012;64(5):735–43. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Background Increasing activity and improving function are valuable parameters to prevent disability (1,2). The relationship between the functional impairment in depression and the activities of daily living was well known in terms of the quality of life in chronic diseases (3). However, studies comparing these effects on various rheumatic diseases were not sufficient. Objectives This study was conducted to compare the effects of depression and activities of daily living on quality of life for the patients with two different rheumatic diseases (Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)). Methods 265 patients with AS and 111 patients with RA were included in the study. The demographic data were collected for two groups. Mean age of the study group was 39.88±13.33. All patients were evaluated with disease-specific questionnaires according to their diseases. The patients with AS were asked to fill the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL) for quality of life, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RAQoL) were used for RA patients. Beck Depression Index (BDI) was used to assess depression levels of the subjects, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to assess activities of daily living in both groups. Results A mild and positive correlation was found between HAQ (p Conclusions It is concluded that the depression level and the activities of daily living has similar effects on the quality of life for RA and AS patients. Also depression should be taken into consideration in both rheumatic diseases. References Corbacho MI, Dapueto JJ. Assessing the functional status and quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Revista brasileira de reumatologia. 2010;50(1):31–43. Kingsley G, Scott IC, Scott DL. Quality of life and the outcome of established rheumatoid arthritis. Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology. 2011;25(4):585–606. Braun J, Sieper J. Anklyosing Spondylitis. The Lancet. 2007;369(9570):1379–1390. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Background Regarding to determine pain-related anxiety of patients in clinical trials, there are sufficient number of tools in the literature (1). On the other hand there is a lack of internationally accepted measures which adapted in Turkish population to assess pain-related anxiety. Objectives The aim of this study was to translate the short version of the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS-20) into Turkish, assess its test-retest reliability and validate the use of PASS-20 among patients. Methods 47 patients with different rheumatic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis…) aged between 21-71 years (mean 47.91±48.00 years) participated in this study. Translation/re trans-lation of the English version of the PASS-20 was done blindly and independently by four different individuals and adapted by a team. After the translation, 34 patients was performed Turkish PASS-20 with an interval of a week for the test/retest reliability. And also, all patients were asked to fill Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) (2)and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) (3)for validation. Results There was no difference between test and retest results (p>0.05). The test-retest reliability was found to be 0.864 (95% CI=0.706-0.937). Cronbach's alpha was 0.864. Construct validity, tested by determining the correlation between the Turkish PASS-20 and the Turkish adaptation of the TKS (r=0.554, p