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The evaluation and diagnosis of shoulder pain is a common challenge encountered by primary care providers. The differential for shoulder pain is broad and the presentation may be varied. The patient’s history and physical examination alone are often enough to reach a diagnosis; however, plain films and advanced imaging studies are frequently helpful for further confirmation and to guide decision-making. In this section, we will review several common causes of shoulder pain related to soft tissue pathology: adhesive capsulitis, biceps tendinopathy, acromioclavicular joint pain, and rotator cuff pathology.

Background: Although lateral retinacular release (LR) surgery has historically been one of the most commonly used arthroscopic procedures for the treatment of patellar instability and anterior knee pain, it may be associated with complications and poor functional outcome measures.Purpose: To examine the clinical efficacy of open lateral retinacular closure (LRC), a novel but technically simple procedure in the treatment of disabling anterolateral knee pain, tenderness, and positive medial patellar apprehension testing in patients who have undergone prior arthroscopic LR surgery.Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods: The records of 22 patients who had previously undergone an arthroscopic LR and underwent a diagnostic arthroscopy and LRC were reviewed. Physical examination findings and symptoms after prior LR surgery, duration between LR and LRC surgeries, and arthroscopic findings immediately before LRC were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative Lysholm knee scores and activity levels were compared, and subjective satisfaction ratings assessed.Results: Average follow-up after LRC was 3.2 years. Mean preoperative Lysholm knee score was 46.5 (range, 25-90), which improved postoperatively to a mean score of 86 (range, 48-100). Fourteen percent of patients subjectively rated their preoperative function as fair and 86% as poor. Postoperatively, 82% rated themselves as good or excellent and 18% as fair, with all patients improving from the LRC procedure. All patients stated that they would have the procedure again for the same problem.Conclusion: Open LRC provides significant pain relief and improvement in functional knee outcome scores in patients with persistent pain and tenderness at the site of a previous lateral release and a positive medial patellar apprehension test. Lateral release procedures should be considered with caution. For patients with anterolateral knee pain and symptoms of medial patellar instability after lateral release, LRC may provide symptomatic relief and functional improvement.

We have revisited the original description of the Finkelstein test and review the reasons for its subsequent erroneous description. We have also outlined a staged description of this test, which we have found to be reliable and minimally painful for the diagnosis of de Quervain's tendonitis within our clinical practice.

To establish normative values for the magnitude of anterior tibial translation (ATT) in the Lachman and pivot shift tests in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient states, and to explore whether a correlation in ATT magnitude exists between the Lachman and pivot shift tests. Twenty-six fresh frozen cadaveric hip-to-toe specimens were used. Mechanized testing was performed to simulate both a Lachman and pivot shift test with the ACL intact. Tests were repeated after sectioning the ACL. ATT was recorded using a computer navigation system. Difference in ATT after sectioning was calculated for each specimen. For the Lachman, mean lateral compartment ATT in the intact knee was 5.3 mm (SD = 2.8 mm). After sectioning the ACL, translation increased to 11.4 mm (SD = 3.9 mm; P