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Scientific literature underscores a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in children, often stemming from hereditary connective tissue dysplasia, detrimentally impacting their quality of life. Consequently, developing effective physical rehabilitation methods for children becomes imperative. This study aims to assess various components of quality of life among children with hereditary connective tissue disorders and musculoskeletal complications during the outpatient phase of physical rehabilitation. Material & methods. The research project was carried out on the basis of medical institutions in the city of Barnaul (Russia) from 2014 to 2023. The quality of life was assessed in 60 children aged 6-7, having connective tissue disorders and complications from the musculoskeletal system and their parents using the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory PedsQL questionnaire. Quality of life testing was performed at the research beginning, in 1 and 3 years after the start of rehabilitation. After 10 years, the condition of the posture and muscular system of the observed children was assessed. Generally accepted rehabilitation measures were performed for patients of the main group (n=30) and the comparison group (n=30). In addition to traditional wellness activities, the main group included course theoretical and practical classes at the organized school «Posture Correction» for parents and their children. Practical classes included teaching children and parent's physical exercises on the wall bars ("Swedish wall"), orthopedic ball, breaststroke swimming, wearing a corset, following a calcium-containing diet and a balanced vitamin composition of food. Results. In the course of follow-up after 1 and 3 years, the number of complications in the main group of patients statistically significantly decreased, the quality of life in children and parents improved, p <0.05. During the control after 10 years, physiological posture and the normal status of the trunk muscles were determined in all patients in the main group, which was confirmed by the electroneuromyographic examination method. In patients and parents of the comparison group, the quality of life did not change in dynamics, muscle weakness at the level of the thoracic spine, myofascial pain syndrome was noted. Conclusions. Significant positive results of physical rehabilitation of children with connective tissue dysplasia and the musculoskeletal system complications have been obtained when using means and methods of physical culture in rehabilitation on the basis of the established school of "Posture Correction". The proven technique can be used for children's rehabilitation at the outpatient stage of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modernization of pedagogical education for coaches and supplementary education teachers in sports is crucial to enhance their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities. Purpose: This study aims to enhance the efficacy of professional competency development among teachers of supplementary education in recreational swimming for infants under the age of one year. It aims to develop and validate a professional support technology tailored for such specialists in early swimming centers. Materials and methods: The research involved 18 teachers (aged between 22 to 45 years) of supplementary education in recreational swimming for infants, with their professional experience ranging from one to twenty years. All professionals possessed a higher education in physical education. The teachers were divided into a control group (CG, n=9) and an experimental group (EG, n=9). The improvement of professional competencies in the CG was conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the state professional standard for "Supplementary Education Teacher for Children and Adults. "In EG the professional improvement was carried out according to the developed technology of professional support for teachers. With the help of the developed questionnaire the diagnosis of the state of formation of professional competences of teachers and the evaluation of their activity in accordance with the professional standard for this profession were carried out. Results. At the beginning of the research a low level of theoretical knowledge among the teachers of supplementary education in swimming for children was found. Most of the teachers were classified in the "low" and "medium" levels of professional competence formation. The teachers' work functions did not meet the professional standards for this category of specialists. At the end of the research an increase in the values of the indicators of the level of knowledge was noted in the experimental group, which was 5 times higher than this indicator in the control group. Most of the teachers in the experimental group rated their level of competence compliance as "high" in all work functions. In the control group, teachers rated their level as "average" at the end of the research. Conclusions. The obtained positive results of the testing of the proposed pedagogical technology for the improvement of the professional competences of teachers of children's swimming supplementary education can be used in other institutions of supplementary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing students' resilience against exam-related stress remains a pressing concern for both researchers and educators. Sports activities have been identified as a potential avenue to mitigate the adverse effects of psychoemotional stress associated with exams. Research objective: To evaluate the impact of sports activities on the adaptation of university students' functional and psychophysiological systems to the stress induced by exams. Materials and methods. 160 boys and girls (aged 17.8±1.2) who were university students in the Altai Territory took part in the research. The students were divided into 2 groups according to their relation to sports activities, non-sports (n=94) and students who have been actively engaged in various sports for at least 3 years (n=66). The examination of students was carried out during the inter-sessional period and on the day of the exam. To assess the physiological parameters of the students' cardiovascular system and higher nervous activity during the intersessional period and on the day of the exam, the «BioMysh - Physiologist» software and hardware complex of the «Neurolab» company (Russia) was used. The following parameters were studied: variation chronocardiometry, spectral analysis of heart rhythm and central hemodynamics. Of the psychophysiological research methods, the «Attention distribution» test was used. Results. It was found that the students-athletes' indicators values of the cardiovascular system and the psychophysiological status are significantly higher than those of students who do not do sports, p<0.05. These data indicate higher characteristics of stress resistance in the body of male and female athletes compared to students who ignore sports activities. Conclusions. The data obtained in the research can be implemented in practical recommendations for exam stress prevention among students and in the promotion of physical activity among the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To determine the strength of the relationship between the body mass index and the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus of students with different levels of somatic health in order to correct the educational process in physical education classes. Materials and methods. The study involved 216 students of the Medical University of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) aged 19.6±1.4 years. Of these, 101 male students took part in the study, namely, 59 of them had a basic medical group, and 42 people had a preparatory medical group for physical culture and sports, and 115 female students, of which 71 people had a basic medical group, and 44 people have a preparatory group. To determine height and weight indicators, as well as body mass index, a certified height meter with floor scales was used. We correlated the obtained data with the gradation of body mass index according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The state of the neuromuscular apparatus was assessed using two tests: the tapping test and the accuracy of muscle efforts. The tapping test was carried out according to the standard method. The strength assessment was determined by the method of carpal dynamometry with the calculation of absolute and relative strength indices. In addition, the accuracy of muscle efforts was monitored and correlated with a standardized scale for interpreting the results. To determine the relationship between body mass index and the state of the neuromuscular apparatus, the correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that among the male representatives of the preparatory group, the body mass index approaches the state of obesity. In the study of the coefficient of strength of the nervous system, an average type is observed in all representatives of the student youth, however, in the girls of the main group, there is a tendency to shift towards a strong type of the nervous system, especially for the right hand, and a more pronounced increase in the coefficient of functional asymmetry was recorded in the boys of the preparatory group. According to the values of absolute and relative strength indicators of the hands of both hands, significantly low strength characteristics were recorded in boys and girls of the preparatory group. The accuracy of muscle efforts shows a higher adaptability in the performance of the test among the students of the main group. Conclusions. Correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between an increase in body mass index and a tendency to a weak type of nervous system, as well as a certain increase in strength indicators and a decrease in the accuracy of their reproduction with various muscle efforts in the absence of visual control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the educational and training process of people involved in taekwondo continues to be an urgent problem. The issues of the influence of CrossFit training on the cardiorespiratory system, physical development and physical fitness of young taekwondo athletes remain unresolved. Research aim: Use CrossFit training to increase the reserve capacity of the cardio-respiratory system and motor skills in young taekwondo athletes. Materials and methods. The pilot project involved 56 young taekwondo athletes. Of these: 28 boys and 28 girls aged 10-12. 2 experimental groups (EG) and 2 control groups (CG) were formed. In the training program for the training of taekwondo athletes of the experimental groups, complexes of physical exercises from the CrossFit system ("CrossFit for younger teenagers") were introduced. These CrossFit exercises were aimed at improving the functional state of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and physical performance. These indicators directly influenced physical fitness. The control groups of athletes were engaged in accordance with the generally accepted taekwondo program. Conducted boundary testing of performance indicators of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems. The boundary state of the athletes' physical fitness was assessed. Results. The effectiveness of the proposed experimental CrossFit training complexes for increasing the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory, muscular system, power, speed-strength, coordination qualities and general endurance in comparison with athletes who used the traditional training program for this sport has been reliably proven. Conclusions. The data obtained during the pilot project can be used in the program of the training process for preparing beginner taekwondo athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread occurrence of posture disorders in children and adolescents in many countries actualizes further search for the use of means and methods of physical culture and sports for the effective correction of spinal deformities. Research aim. To develop and test a method for correcting posture disorders in 8-10-years-old girls based on the means and methods of rhythmic gymnastics. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted for 9 months among 28 girls aged 8-10 years on the basis of a school in Chelyabinsk (Russia). According to medical records, all of them had posture disorders in the sagittal and frontal planes, were divided into CG (14 girls) and EG (14 girls). Both groups attended PE classes according to the generally accepted curriculum, 3 times a week for 45 minutes. To correct the CG girls' posture, a typical set of physical exercises designed for a special medical group was used at each lesson. In each lesson of the traditional curriculum for EG girls, a health-improving story rhythmic gymnastics was included, which was carried out for 15-20 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, we examined the state of active flexibility of the spine, the dynamic strength of the muscles of the back and abdomen, and tested the basic motor qualities. Results. At the end of the experiment, EG girls showed an increase in spinal flexibility, strength of the back muscles, abdominals, and motor qualities, p < 0.05. The increase in the values of the indicators was significantly greater in EG girls compared to the results of CG ones. It was possible to stabilize the value of the index of the arc angle of the spinal column deformation in 78.5% of the girls in the experimental group. In the control group, the stabilization of scoliosis in girls was registered 2.75 times less often. Conclusions. The proposed method of correcting posture disorders using story rhythmic gymnastics expands the list of means and methods of improving children's health. The obtained effective results of posture disorders correction in EG girls allow recommending a proven method for use in educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for ways to optimize PE classes for students, to improve their physical health, is an urgent problem of modern pedagogical science. Research aim. To improve the level of physical fitness, a program of training sessions for young students' physical education using basketball with a competitive orientation has to be developed and tested. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted among 79 students of the Technical University of Irkutsk (Russia), who were randomly assigned to CG (n= 56) and EG (n=23). PE classes for all young men were held 2 times a week for 90 minutes during the school year. CG students performed physical activities according to the generally accepted curriculum for universities. Sports-oriented training sessions of EG students using basketball were divided into two macrocycles of 17 weeks each, corresponding to semesters of study. Each macrocycle consisted of a preparatory period, which included working stages lasting from two to nine weeks of basketball training sessions. At the beginning and at the end of the research project, boundary testing of physical fitness of young men of both observation groups was carried out using motor tests, and students' motivation for physical activity was studied using a questionnaire. Results. It was found that at the end of the project, a significantly meaningful increase in indicators in all motor tests was registered in EG boys, where sports technology was used in physical education compared to CG boys, where the traditional curriculum was used. In the experimental group of young men, a significant increase in motivation for physical education and independent motor activity was noted. Conclusions. The obtained data of the research project expand knowledge about sports-oriented physical education of students using basketball and allow them to be recommended in other educational institutions to increase the level of physical fitness and motivation for young people's physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the effectiveness of primary school educational process of physical education using case methods is an urgent and timely task of pedagogy. Research aim: to develop and test a pedagogical case-technology for the universal educational actions development in the process of younger schoolchildren's physical education. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted at a secondary school in Chelyabinsk (Russia) from September 2021 to May 2022. 48 children aged 10-11 (4th grade schoolchildren) took part in the project. 24 people made up the control group (CG), which was engaged in accordance with the traditional program of physical education and 24 people - experimental group (EG). Case tasks aimed at the universal educational activities development and improvements were introduced into the physical education lessons in this group. In the homework of EG group children, they were asked to perform case tasks of varying complexity in a developed workbook on physical education throughout the school year. Psycho diagnostics methods were used to assess and distribute schoolchildren according to the levels of personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative educational actions formation: Luskanova (1999), point; Gorchinskaya (1999), point; children's version of the Kettell and Koan test (Kapustina, 2006), point. We conducted a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren's parents in order to identify the attitude to the case tasks implementation by children and to attract them to participate in family physical culture and sports events. Results. At the end of the research project, it was found that the experimental system of using the case method in the process of primary school children's physical education had a significant impact on the increase in the personal, regulatory, communicative and cognitive educational actions level development. There was a much greater development of interest among schoolchildren of the experimental group in the implementation of the proposed school and extracurricular educational tasks in physical culture using case technology and involving the children's parents in joint physical culture and sports activities. Conclusions. The developed experimental system for the case method application for the development of primary schoolchildren's universal educational actions in the process of physical education, which provides for the case tasks use in both scheduled and home forms of physical education with the use of a workbook turned out to be more effective than the traditional curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the question of the interdependence of different levels of motor activity of students and their performance seems to be relevant for the professional development of future specialists. Research aim. Reveal the dependence between the academic performance of university students on the volume of their weekly physical activity. Materials and methods. The research project was carried out in 2018 - 2022. on the basis of two universities of the Siberian Federal District (Russia). 208 students were under observation, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the level of their weekly physical activity. The first group included student-athletes, who are characterized by high motor activity. The second group included students who, due to illness, attended a special medical group and had limitations in the volume and intensity of physical activity. The level of weekly physical activity of all students was assessed using the IPAQ - SF questionnaire. The assessment of the academic performance of each student was carried out on the basis of an analysis of examination sheets for the entire period of study at the university. Results. It was found that among student-athletes the results of physical activity indicators were significantly higher than among students exempted from traditional physical activity. The indicator of academic progress was significantly higher among student-athletes compared with students with a low level of weekly physical activity, p<0.05. The average score of student-athletes was 9.8% higher than that of students exempted from physical activity, p<0.05. Conclusions. Going in for sports among young people contributes not only to the preservation and improvement of the level of physical and somatic health, but is important for the development of the cognitive abilities of future specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the methods of the body vegetative disorders correction with the use of swimming seems relevant and timely. Purpose: studying a prolonged course of physical activity in an aquatic environment effect on the vegetative support of the body in university students using the heart rate variability method. Materials and methods. 47 young men-1-2 year students of three universities from Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) were included in the experiment. Heart rate variability registration was carried out by the diagnostic complex «Poly-Spectrum» (Neurosoft, Ivanovo) in the supine position. The standard characteristics of heart rate variability were studied. The registration of indicators was carried out before the start of classes and after a four-month swimming course with a frequency of classes 1 time per week lasting 60 minutes. One-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was used to compare these samples with each other. Results. It is established that before the start of swimming classes, vegetative support is characterized by a certain increase in the tension of regulatory mechanisms and a decrease in functional reserves, which is associated with high educational and psycho-emotional activity of junior studying years students. After exposure to four-month weekly cyclic physical activity in the form of swimming, stabilization of parameters is observed in the field of the autonomous regulation circuit contribution strengthening, the predominance of normotonia, a decrease in the stress index and an increase in physical performance among the studied university students. Conclusions. Taking into account the positive effect of swimming on the body of those engaged in it, it can be recommended for vegetative disorders and improving physical performance correction in junior high school students under the control of the heart rate variability method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for methods of increasing the level of communicative competence of schoolchildren by means of physical education is an important problem in pedagogy. The use of physical education methods for the development of communication qualities of secondary school children has not been sufficiently studied. Purpose: to develop and test a methodology in physical education classes to improve communicative competence in 13-14-year-old adolescents. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Siberian Federal District (Russia) in the 2020-2021 academic year among 60 children (13-14 years old) on the basis of a secondary school. Experimental (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30) were identified, in which 3 times a week physical education classes were conducted according to the curriculum of Lyakh (2012). For the experimental group, we developed a set of 49 tasks, where we used didactic games, the brainstorming method, discussions, a monologue, a way out of a problem situation, applied and social projects. In both groups, a milestone testing of the level of development of the communicative qualities of children was carried out using L. Michelson tests (Translation and adaptation by Yu.Z. Gilbukh); M. Snyder; V.V. Sinyavsky and B.A. Fedorishin. Results. At the end of the research project, the results of the children in the experimental group in all psychological tests and the increase in indicators were significantly greater than in the children in the control one (p < 0.05). At the end of the project, the results of the L. Michelson test showed that the number of children in EG with a competent type of response increased by 46.6%, children with a dependent type decreased by 44.3%, the aggressive type of response decreased by 2 times. According to the M. Snyder test, a higher level of social self-control was established in children of EG, compared with the results of children of CG. Analysis of the test results after the experiment using the methods of V. V. Sinyavsky and B. A. Fedorishin showed that there were no children with a low level of communication development in the experimental group, 30% of children in this group had average and above average, 26.7% of children had the highest level of development of communicative and organizational inclinations. Conclusions. The results of the experiment of increasing communicative competencies testify to a higher efficiency of the pedagogical method of physical education proposed by us in 13-14-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the theme of tourism in traditional physical education curricula in 6-7-year-old children attending preschool institutions has not been sufficiently studied. Purpose: to develop a methodology and evaluate the use of «quest-tourism» pedagogical technology effectiveness to improve the physical condition of older preschool (over-fives) children. Research materials and methods. The pedagogical project involved 20 girls and 20 boys in 6-7-year-old children, who were equally divided into control (CG) and experimental groups (EG). In both groups, PE classes were held 3 times a week for 35 minutes. In CG, classes were organized according to the traditional curriculum for preschool institutions. In EG, two classes a week were conducted according to the traditional curriculum. At the third lesson, the pedagogical technology «quest-tourism» was used to improve the EG children's physical condition. A survey of children from the experimental group on the tourist skills and abilities knowledge was conducted. The high-stakes testing results of the children's cardiorespiratory system and motor qualities functional parameters were analyzed. Research results. At the end of the project, all functional parameters values of the cardiorespiratory system and all motor tests improved in both groups of children compared to the beginning of the project. The increase in the values of EG children's indicators was significantly better than in CG, p<0.05. The level of theoretical knowledge concerning tourism increased by 89.4% among EG children. Conclusions. The results of the experiment showed the high efficiency of using «quest-tourism» pedagogical technology proposed by us with traditional means of preschool children's physical education to improve physical condition and develop knowledge and skills of tourism in 6-7-year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the effectiveness of physical education classes in educational institutions continues to be an urgent problem. Physical activity individualization issues, based on the account of the human constitution evolutive types remain not fully studied. Research aim is: to conduct a comparative characterization of the relationship between the constitutional types of age evolution and the motor qualities of girls in different populations. Research materials and methods. The participants of the research work were 443 girls, aged 18, university students (Russia). In 2009, 229 girls were examined, in 2020 - 214 people. Anthropometry was performed to determine the length of the body and lower limbs and motor qualities testing. The trochanter index was calculated to determine the girls' evolutionary type of constitution and their sexual development rate. Research results. It was found in 2020, that after 11 years, the number of long-legged girls with a hypo-evolutive type and a timely sexual development rate increased by 5.2 times, with a disevolutive type (TrI = 1.86-1.91) and a delayed sexual development type increased by 2 times. The number of girls with normevolutive, hyperevolutive types of constitution decreased by 2.9 times. The number of short-legged girls with a disevolutive (TrI = 2.04-2.08) constitution type and a slow sexual development rate decreased. As in 2009, no girls with pathological types of constitution were identified. In both populations, representatives of the hypoevolutive and normevolutive constitution types turned out to be more physically prepared; the motor qualities of girls of the disevolutive type with a trochanter index value of 2.04-2.08 were poorly developed. The values of the girls' motor tests (except for the flexibility test) were significantly lower in 2020 compared to 2009. Conclusions. To assess the motor qualities of girls, taking into account the results of the study of the trochanter index, the type of evolutionary body constitution and the sexual development rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research aim is to conduct a comparative screening study of the constitution types, anatomical parameters, body components, and motor qualities of adolescent female students of different studying years to establish the nature of sexual dimorphism population inversion. Research materials and methods. 1263 girls, aged 20.3 ± 0.3, students of the Irkutsk Technical University (Russia) enrolled in 2009 (n=759) and 2019 (n=504), respectively, participated in the survey. Anthropometric measurements were performed, index sexual dimorphism (ISD), body mass index (BMI), body component composition of the girls were calculated, motor qualities, weekly physical activity and strength of the girls' hand muscles were evaluated. The Tanner sexual dimorphism index was used to determine all girls' sexual somatotype. Research results. In 2019 population, a reduction in the number of girls with gynaecaner sexual somatotype, increasing the number of girls with andromorphous type, compared to the population in 2009. The number of girls with mesomorphic somatotype is approximately the same and exceeded 60%. Girls with mesomorphic and gynaecaner sexual somatotype muscle strength and power indices of both hands were significantly lower in 2019 compared to these parameters of girls having same sexual somatotype in 2009. Students of 2019 population with andromorphous sexual somatotype showed less fat component in the body and more muscular one in comparison with the results of a survey of girls in 2009. In the girls' body of 2019 population with mesomorphic and gynaecaner types of sexual dimorphism less muscle component and more fat one, compared with the results obtained from the examination of girls in 2009. In girls with andromorphous sexual dimorphism, all motor tests results (with the exception of active flexibility test) are significantly higher than the results of girls in 2009. Girl with mesomorphic somatotype and gynaecaner somatotypes, surveyed in 2019, did not have an optimal weekly motor mode in the amount of 150 minutes and have significantly low indicators values in four motor tests than girls with the same sexual somatotype in the population 2009. Conclusions. The results of the girls from different populations survey showed differences in sexual dimorphism inversion. The trend for muscularization is greater in the girls of the 2019 population. Between the girls' populations, there are differences in the component composition of the body, motor qualities and physical activity of girls with different somatotypes. The research results expand the knowledge about the population changes in sexual dimorphism in girls from different generations and its integration with physical education. Our research materials can be used in the pedagogical practice of young students' physical education, which will increase the effectiveness of students' development of PE discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]