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Objective: To find the frequency of backache in our pregnant women and factors increasing the risk of low backache in pregnancy. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Methodology: We included 247 consecutive women between 18 and 45 years of age and between 16 and 35 weeks of a single pregnancy. These were evaluated for low backache. Women with comorbid conditions and multiple fetuses who needed elective caesarian sections were excluded. Results: Mean age of the pregnant women in our study was 27 ± 3.7 years, with an age range of 18 to 45 years. 197 (80.1%) complained about low back pain during their pregnancy, and 75 (30.3%) had a previous history of back pain when not pregnant. Back pain was present in 47 (19.02%) 6 months postpartum. The risk factors present were higher weight gain in 75 (30 %), age >35 years in 62 (25 %), low haemoglobin 38 (15%) and poor socio-economic condition 25 (10.1%). Conclusion: Low back pain is common in pregnancy and is a less addressed issue of pregnant women. Many factors responsible for low backache in pregnant women were identified. Analgesics and increased physical activity are the main treatment and prevention options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the role of ultrasound therapy in osteoarthritis of knee joint. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Okara for a period of 6 months, from Jul 2016 to Dec 2016. Material and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of knee joint were included in the study. Results: Out of 60 patients 34 (56.67%) patients were females while 26 (43.33%) were males. The mean age in both groups was 55 years and the age range was 42-72 years. There was significant improvement of pain from a mean Visual Analogue Score of 6 to 2 (p=0.001). There was also improvement in stiffness and physical activity and very less analgesic requirement after ultrasound therapy of knee joint. Conclusion: Ultrasound therapy of knee joint improves pain, stiffness and physical activity in patients with osteoarthritis of knee joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]