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Introduction and Objective: Obesity is a major social and economic problem. Since the 1980s, the number of overweight and obese people has doubled. Treatment of such patients is 30% more expensive than for people of normal weight. The main aim of the article is to present the impact of the occurrence of respiratory diseases and the deterioration of the system function. In addition, the article reviews the impact of physical activity and diet on weight loss and the prevention of further weight gain. Review and Methods: Review and summary of studies and meta-analysis of studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar and PubMed. Abbreviated Description of the State of Knowledge: One of the most common diseases in the population is bronchial asthma. People with excess body weight have a more severe course, and numerous studies have been carried out to explain the cause. The main mechanism that worsens respiratory function is mechanical compression by fatty tissue. It has also been observed that the inflammatory response, underlying the etiopathogenesis of asthma, may be caused by the secretion of inflammatory mediators by adipocytes. This is currently being investigated. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder that results in a fragmentation of sleep, which has serious health consequences and leads to a reduction in quality of life. Obesity is a major risk factor. The severity of the condition is strongly related to excess body weight. Obese hypoventilation syndrome is a condition in which obesity impairs alveolar ventilation and CO2 removal, resulting in hypercapnia, which can lead to respiratory failure. Summary: Weight loss and interventions to prevent weight gain in people with a baseline BMI >25 kg/m2 are fundamental to good health. For best results, a calorie-restricted diet should be combined with physical activity. The WHO has created recommendations for the amount of physical activity needed each week.

Introduction and objective: The objective of this research is to enhance the awareness of carpal tunnel among medical professionals and individuals engaged in sports. The acquired knowledge will enable medical professionals to more effectively identify, treat, and prevent issues related to carpal tunnel. Additionally, individuals engaged in sports will be able to prevent the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome in themselves or their pupils, thereby allowing them to engage in long-term and safe physical activity. Review methods: Review and summary of research studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar, PubMed. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disease belonging to the group of compression neuropathies. The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome typically manifest as an uncomfortable sensation in the thumb, index finger, and half of the ring finger. Such symptoms may include numbness and tingling. In some cases, weakness of the hand muscles may occur, and in rarer instances, atrophy of the hand muscles. The condition of carpal tunnel syndrome is primarily the result of repetitive movements of the fingers and wrist. Such activities include typing, using a mouse, riding a bicycle, or playing a musical instrument. Summary: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a prevalent condition among the general population. This condition may affect individuals who engage in regular physical activity, resulting in diminished efficiency and a notable reduction in the quality of life. The objective of this study is to examine the risk factors, symptoms, and diagnostic methods associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. In the context of sports, we will examine the mechanisms of disease development in athletes and focus on prevention. This encompasses the rehabilitation of individuals at risk of developing the disease and patient education, which will facilitate the minimisation of the appearance or recurrence of disease symptoms.

Introduction and purpose Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are related to a greater risk of both maternal, and fetal as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality. This literature review aims to synthesize the health-promoting behaviors in daily life like diet, body mass, exercises in the prevention and management of hypertension and possible complications. Gestational hypertension occurs after 20 weeks' pregnancy and usually resolves after 6 weeks' postpartum. Diagnosis of gestational hypertension appears at values >140/90 mmHg in pregnant women. It has to be confirmed in out-of-office BP measurements, and if it's not possible by two separate medical appointments. According to current European guidelines, pharmacological therapy should be introduced in pregnant women with sustained elevated blood pressure ≥ 150/95 mmHg and at values >140/90 mmHg in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. Summarizing the current understanding of risk factors in hypertensive disorders during pregnancy seeks to enhance implementing positive health behaviors in prevention. Materials and methods The following review of studies was based on articles obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diet, physical activity, pharmacological treatment, obesity, prevention. Conclusion The literature review highlights the importance of BP measurements, diet restrictions, exercises of a low to moderate-intensity, pharmacological treatment during pregnancy as key factors in prevention of gestational hypertension. Greater awareness of hypertension in pregnancy encourages optimism for comprehensive research in the future.