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Strain T-12 T , an orange, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped strain, was isolated in November 2013 from water samples collected from an Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) fry culturing system at a fish farm in Chile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences (1394 bp) revealed that strain T-12 T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium , showing close relationships to Flavobacterium bernardetii F-372 T (99.48 %) and Flavobacterium terrigena DS-20 T (98.50 %). The genome size of strain T-12 T was 3.28 Mb, with a G+C content of 31.1 mol%. Genome comparisons aligned strain T-12 T with Flavobacterium bernardetii F-372 T (GCA_011305415) and Flavobacterium terrigena DSM 17934 T (GCA_900108955). The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 42.6 % with F. bernardetii F-372 T (GCA_011305415) and 33.9 % with F. terrigena DSM 17934 T (GCA_900108955). Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations were below the species cutoff, with the best results with F. bernardetii F-372 T being: ANIb, 90.33 %; ANIm, 91.85 %; and TETRA, 0.997 %. These dDDH and ANI results confirm that strain T-12 T represents a new species. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and C 15 : 1 ω6 с . Detected polar lipids included phospholipids ( n =2), aminophospholipid ( n =1), aminolipid ( n =1) and unidentified lipids ( n =2). The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK7 (80 %) followed by MK-6 (20 %). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data support the classification of strain T-12 T (=CECT 30410 T =RGM 3222 T ) as representing a novel species of Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium facile sp. nov. is proposed.

The bacterial strain M7D1 T was isolated from samples of the rhizosphere of desert bloom plants on the Atacama region located in northern Chile as part of a study intended to isolate nitrifying bacteria in this adverse environment. It was previously identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of the 16s RNA, gyrA, rpoB and rpoD genes confirmed that this strain belongs to this group, especially Sub Group (SG) Koreensis, but it represents a potential new species. Additionally, the average nucleotide identity confirmed this as the highest identity value (0.92) with Pseudomonas moraviensis LMG 24280, which is lower than the 0.94 threshold established to classify two strains within the same species. The strain M7D1 T shared a similar fatty acids methyl ester profile than the type strains of other Pseudomonas spp. previously described. Furthermore, it can be differentiated phenotypically from other related species of SG P. koreensis. Based on these results, the existence of a new species of Pseudomonas is demonstrated, for which the name Pseudomonas atacamensis is proposed. This strain presented a set of genes associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and it is a good candidate to be used for recovery of contaminated soils. However, more studies are required to demonstrate whether this bacterium is non-pathogenic, can survive in the presence of toxic compounds and promote growth or help to the stress management of plants.

A Gram-stain positive, pleomorphic, oxidase-negative, non-motile isolate from the ulcer of a farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), designated strain T11b T , was subjected to a comprehensive taxonomic investigation. A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest similarities to the type strains of Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans (98.1 %) and Arthrobacter methylotrophus and Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans (both 98.0 %). The highest ANI value observed between the assembled genome of T11b T and the publicly available Pseudarthrobacter and Arthrobacter type strain genomes were 81.15 and 80.99 %, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H 2 ). The polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol and dimannosylglyceride. Minor amouts of trimannosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were also detected. The peptidoglycan was of the type A3α l-Lys-l-Ser-l-Thr-l-Ala (A11.23). In the fatty acid profile, anteiso and iso branched fatty acids predominated (anteiso C 15 : 0 , iso C 16 : 0 , anteiso C 17 : 0 ). Moderate to low DNA-DNA similarities, physiological traits as well as unique traits in the fatty acid pattern distinguished strain T11b T from the next related species. All these data point to the fact that strain T11b T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter for which we propose the name Arthrobacter ulcerisalmonis sp. nov. The type strain is T11b T (=CIP 111621 T =CCM 8854 T =LMG 30632 T =DSM 107127 T ).

One slightly beige-white pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain I-STPP5b T , was isolated from the trachea of a Gentoo penguin chick individual ( Pygoscelin papua ) investigated in Fildes Bay, Chilean Antarctic (62° 12' S, 58° 57' W). I-STPP5b T consists of a 3.4 Mb chromosome with a DNA G+C content of 44.4 mol%. Of the 3056 predicted genes, 1206 were annotated as hypothetical proteins and 51 were tRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strains of Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus (98.8 %), Psychrobacter arenosus and Psychrobacter pasteurii (both 98.3 %), Psychrobacter piechaudii (98.2 %) and Psychrobacter sanguinis (98.1 %), but 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Psychrobacter species were ≤98.0 %. Partial gyrB nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities among strain STPP5b T and the next related type strains were all below 81.8 and 92.9%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridisation (DDH) with P. phenylpyruvicus LMG 5372 T , P. arenosus DSM 15389 T and P. sanguinis DSM 23635 T also showed low values (all below 30 %). The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were C 18 : 1 ω9c and C 16 : 1 ω7c and/or C 16 : 1 ω6c. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a new species of the genus Psychrobacter, with the name Psychrobacter pygoscelis sp. nov. and strain I-STPP5b T (=CIP 111410 T = CCM 8799 T =LMG 30301 T ) as type strain.

An orange-pigmented, oxidase-positive bacterial strain (I-41R45 T ), isolated from the kidney of a black rock cod fish sampled in the Chilean Antarctic was studied in a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Cells of the isolate were coccoid and stained Gram-negative. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain I-41R45 T with sequences of type strains of most closely related Paracoccus species showed highest sequence similarities to Paracoccus hibiscisoli (98.4 %), Paracoccus marcusii (98.3 %), Paracoccus haeundaensis and Paracoccus carotinifaciens (both 98.2 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Paracoccus species were below 97 %. The draft genome of strain I-41R45 T had a size of 4.59 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 65.26 mol% and included the prediction and annotation of 4426 coding genes, 1973 protein-coding genes and 46 tRNAs. The fatty acid profile of strain I-41R45 T consisted mainly of the major fatty acids C 18 : 1 ω 7 c/ω 9t /ω 12t and C 18:0 , typical of the genus Paracoccus . DNA-DNA hybridizations between I-41R45 T and type strains of P. hibiscisoli, P. marcusii and P. haeundaensis resulted in similarity values of 45 % (reciprocal 26 %), 66 % (reciprocal 61 %), and 29 % (reciprocal 36 %), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization results, together with the differentiating biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties, showed that strain I-41R45 T represents a novel Paracoccus species, for which the name Paracoccus nototheniae sp. nov. (type strain I-41R45 T =CCM 8875 T =CIP 111632 T ), is proposed.

A slightly beige-white pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain M1A1T, was isolated from seawater samples obtained in Fildes Bay, Antarctica (62°12' S 58° 57' W). Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strain of Psychromonas arctica, but less than 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Psychromonas. DNA-DNA hybridization with Psychromonas arctica DSM 14288T showed low values (21 %, reciprocal 27 %). The main cellular fatty acid of strain M1A1T was summed feature 3 fatty acids (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω8c), followed by C16 : 0. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses, we propose a novel species of the genus Psychromonas with the name Psychromonas aquatilis sp. nov. and the strain M1A1T (=CIP 111183T=CCM 8710T=LMG 29766T) as type strain.

A group of seven Chilean isolates presumptively belonging to Vibrio tapetis was isolated from diseased fine flounders (Paralichthys adspersus) and red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis) experimentally reared in Quintay (Chile). All isolates were confirmed as members of V. tapetis on the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization values and G+C content. The ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR patterns were homogeneous among those isolates recovered from the same host (red conger or fine flounders), but distinct from the type strains V. tapetis subsp. tapetis CECT 4600T and V. tapetis subsp. britannicus CECT 8161T. On the basis of atpA, rpoA, rpoD, recA and pyrH gene sequence similarities (99.7-100 %) and clustering in the phylogenetic trees, the red conger isolates (Q20, Q047, Q48 and Q50) were confirmed as representing V. tapetis subsp. tapetis. However, they differed from V. tapetis subsp. tapetis CECT 4600T in their lipase, alpha quimiotripsin and non-acid phosphatase production. On the other hand, the fine flounder isolates (QL-9T, QL-35 and QL-41) showed rpoD, recA and pyrH gene sequence similarities ranging from 91.6 to 97.7 % with the type strains of the two V. tapetis subspecies (CECT 4600T and CECT 8161T) and consistently clustered together as an independent phylogenetic line within V. tapetis. Moreover, they could be differentiated phenotypically from strains CECT 4600T and CECT 8161T by nine and three different biochemical tests, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of V. tapetis in diseased red conger eel and fine flounder was demonstrated, extending the known host range and geographical location for this pathogen. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the three isolates from fine flounder represent a novel subdivision within V. tapetis, for which the name V. tapetis subsp. quintayensis subsp. nov. is proposed and with QL-9T (=CECT 8851T=LMG 28759T) as the type strain. Although QL-9T was isolated from kidney of diseased fine flounder specimens, the challenge assays showed that it was non-pathogenic for this species.

One beige-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain E3/4T, was isolated from a zebrafish, Danio rerio. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strain of Undibacterium macrobrachii and 97.8 % to the type strain of Undibacterium seohonense. Lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<97.0 %) could be found in comparison with all other species of the genus Undibacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization with Undibacterium macrobrachiiLMG 26891T showed a low level of relatedness, <35 %. The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were summed feature 3 fatty acids (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω8c), C10 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The polyamine pattern of strain E3/4T contained predominantly putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine. The major quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a novel species of the genus Undibacterium, Undibacterium danionis, with strain E3/4T (=DSM 102221T=CCM 8677T=CIP 111017T) as the type strain.

Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, Rhabdoviridae family, and a List 1 pathogen notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health. This study describes the diagnosis of an SVCV pathogen isolated in October 2015 from wild common carp inhabiting a natural lagoon in central Mexico. While neither an epidemic nor fish mortalities were reported, the collected killed specimens exhibited clinical signs of disease (e.g., exopthalmia, moderate abdominal distension and haemorrhaging, as well as internal haemorrhages and adhesions). Histological results of injuries were consistent with the pathology caused by SVCV. This finding was supported by the isolation of a virus in EPC and BF‐2 cells and subsequent RT‐PCR confirmation of SVCV. The phylogenetic analyses of partial SVCV glycoprotein gene sequences classified the isolates into the Ia genogroup. These findings make this the first report of SVCV detection in Mexico, extending the southern geographical range of SVCV within North America. However, since this pathogen was detected in fish inhabiting a natural body of water without tributaries or effluents, it is difficult to estimate the risk of SVCV for other wild/feral cohabitating cyprinid species in the lagoon. The status of this virus is also unknown for other bodies of water within this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]