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Soiling is a term used to describe the deposition of dust (dirt) on the solar modules, which reduces the amount of solar radiation that reaches the solar cells. This can cause a more difficult operation of the entire photovoltaic system and therefore generation of less electric energy. This paper presents the results of the influence of various pollutants commonly found in the air (carbon, calcium carbonate - CaCO3, and soil particles) on the energy efficiency of solar modules. Scanning electron microscope investigation of carbon powder, CaCO3, and soil particles which were applied to solar modules showed that the particles of carbon and CaCO3 are similar in size, while the space between the particles through which the light can pass, is smaller in carbon than in CaCO3. Dimensions of soil particles are different, and the space between the soil particles through which the light can pass is similar to CaCO3. Solar radiation more easily reaches the surface of solar modules soiled by CaCO3 and soil particles than the surface of the solar modules soiled by carbon. The efficiency of the module soiled by carbon on average decreases by 37.6%, the efficiency of the module soiled by CaCO3 by 6.7%, and the efficiency of the module soiled by soil particles by 6.8%, as compared to the clean solar module. The greatest influence on reducing the energy efficiency of solar modules by soiling exerts carbon, and the influence of CaCO3 and soil particles is similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper comparison of experimentally obtained results of energy efficiency of photovoltaic solar plant of 2.08 kWp installed on the roof of the ASARS in Banja Luka in the real climate conditions in 2013 and 2014 are given. It was found that energy efficiency of photovoltaic solar plant from April till November 2013 was 12.28%, and in same period in 2014 was 13.03%. Also, it was found that the increase in the ambient temperature by 1 °C, photovoltaic solar plant efficiency decreases by 0.43% from April till November 2013, and by 0.27% in the same period in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]