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Large‐scale manufacturing of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires the deposition of homogeneous and defect‐free perovskite films on large‐area substrates. Up to now, the knowledge developed for industrial slot‐die processing has not been fully transferred to the perovskite photovoltaic community. Here, the deposition of uniform perovskite layers by slot‐die coating (SDC). Computer fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, experimental validation, and calculation of industrial uniformity parameters are demonstrated, which enabled to establish processing conditions for SDC of perovskite ink. This approach allowed for obtaining stable cross‐web flow in the slot‐die head resulting in the formation of a stable coating bead yielding uniform perovskite films. The best processing parameters are used for the fabrication of slot‐die‐coated PSCs, which showed a more homogeneous spatial distribution of photovoltaic parameters compared to their spin‐coated counterparts. Better reproducibility observed in device performance is a step forward toward the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology. For the first time, the industrial approach used for the optimization of slot‐die coating is applied for the processing of perovskite inks that have special conditions such as low viscosity and in situ crystallization on the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pervskite solar cells have attracted extensive attention from researchers worldwide due to their rapid development and efficiency. Nevertheless, stability is still an issue that limits the advance of this technology. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional perovskites of the Ruddlesden-Popper's family (A)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (three different A-site large cations were investigated: A=n-propylammonium, t-Butylammonium or Benzylammonium). The modulation of the large organic cations increased the band gap of the materials and improved moisture and thermal stability, making it possible to fabricate PSCs. Even though the organic interlayers intrinsically reduce the transport properties of the devices and therefore lower currents are obtained in the layered systems, a remarkable efficiency of 10.35% was obtained for (BUA)2(MA)2Pb3I10, with superior stability, and therefore, it was possible to retain 68% of its initial value after 1700 h for devices without encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite materials have become promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. Typically, lab-scale perovskite devices are fabricated by spin coating under inert atmosphere conditions (inert gases and low relative humidity) which is incompatible with scaling-up processing. In this paper, we report the fabrication of perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions (average 65% relative humidity) and low temperature, by using a slot-die technique in a Mini Roll coater. A detailed optimization of the deposition parameters for the constituent layers in a flexible and planar perovskite solar cell is discussed. In particular, the resulting layers morphology strongly depended upon the processing temperature. The optimized device architecture reached a power conversion efficiency up to 2.9% with good reproducibility and reporting forward and reverse performance. The obtained results suggest that the slot-die processing of flexible hybrid perovskite solar cells at ambient conditions can be achieved with significantly reduced production costs and reliable and scalable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to identify the status, trends and differences from the electrical performance perspective of commercial available photovoltaic technologies, 1016 modules from different manufacturers and six leading solar technologies (m-Si, p-Si, a-Si, CIGS, CIS and CdTe) have been analyzed. The area of these devices and electrical information as power, short-circuit current, open-voltage circuit, maximum power point, efficiency and fill factor at standard test conditions were considered. With these variables, two-cluster analysis were performed with the aim of finding groups with similarities between the modules independently on the technology. Cluster results suggested that most part of modules could be divided in two main groups, one related to silicon (mono and poly), and other related to thin-film technology (a-Si, CIGS, CIS and CdTe). Because amorphous silicon presented a broad range of voltage and power, then different groups were needed to classify this technology. This cluster analysis can be used as a robust classification tool to identify patterns from the electrical point of view, allowing comparing other emerging solar technologies with respect to the most consolidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]