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Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyze degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs is controlled by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An imbalance in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio has been linked with chronic periodontitis (CP). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses visible light, photosensitizer and oxygen to eradicate pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy with additional PDT., Methods: Nineteen patients, each with CP, were included in the study. After periodontal examination one site with a probing depth (PD) ​≥ ​4 ​mm was selected. The patients received scaling and root planing (SRP) with additional PDT by means of HELBO® diode minilaser. Prior to treatment, and after 3 and 6 months, the following parameters were estimated from the same site: PD, gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR). The levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in GCF were determined., Results: Compared to baseline, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 did not show statistically significant differences after 3 and 6 months. According to Spearman's rank correlations, MMP-9 was positively correlated with SFFR at all time points. PD, CAL and PI showed a statistically significant decrease compared to baseline (p ​< ​0.001). SFFR decreased but not significantly., Conclusion: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy in conjunction with PDT was clinically effective but it had no effect on the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in GCF., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: To evaluate in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in conjunction with either additional administration of systemic antibiotics (AB) or application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentration of matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 9 (MMP-8 and -9)., Methods: Thirty-six patients with AgP were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either scaling and root planing (SRP) followed by systemic administration of AB (e.g. Amoxicillin + Metronidazole) or SRP + PDT. The analysis of MMP-8 and -9 GCF concentrations was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Nonparametric U-Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between groups. Changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months were analyzed with the Friedman's ANOVA test with Kendall's index of consistency., Results: In the AB group, patients showed a statistically significant (p = 0.01) decrease of MMP-8 GCF level at both 3 and 6 months post treatment. In the PDT group, the change of MMP-8 GCF level was not statistically significant. Both groups showed at 3 and 6 months a decrease in MMP-9 levels. However, this change did not reach statistical significance., Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it may be suggested that in patients with AgP, nonsurgical periodontal therapy in conjunction with adjunctive systemic administration of amoxicilin and metronidazole is more effective in reducing GCF MMP-8 levels compared to the adjunctive use of PDT.

The study objective was clinical assessment of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). There were 23 patients aged 31-82 included in the study with oral lichen planus diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. In all patients photodynamic therapy was performed with the use of chlorin e6 (Photolon(®)), containing 20 % chlorin e6 and 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide as a photosensitizer. PDT was performed using a semiconductor laser, with power up to 300 mW and a wavelength of 660 nm. A series of illumination sessions was conducted with the use of superficial light energy density of 90 J/cm(2). Changes of lesion size were monitored at one, two, five, and ten PDT appointments from the series of ten according to the authors' own method. The sizes of clinical OLP lesions exposed to PDT were reduced significantly (on average by 55 %). The best effects were observed for the lesions on the lining mucosa (57.6 %). The therapy was statistically significantly less effective when masticatory mucosa was affected (reduction, 30.0 %). Due to substantial efficacy and noninvasiveness, PDT can be useful in the treatment of OLP lesions.