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2. Call for Papers
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Call for Papers
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Epistemic logic for metadata modelling from scientific papers on Covid-19
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Simone Cuconato
- Subjects
philosophy of information technology ,epistemic logic ,metadata modelling ,covid-19. ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The field of epistemic logic developed into an interdisciplinary area focused on explicating epistemic issues in, for example, artificial intelligence, computer security, game theory, economics, multiagent systems and the social sciences. Inspired, in part, by issues in these different ‘application’ areas, in this paper we propose an epistemic logic model for metadata extracted from scientific papers on COVID-19. More in details, we introduce a new predicate ξ – reads ‘extract’ – and a structure S to syntactically and semantically analyse metadata extracted with systems for extracting structured metadata from scientific articles in a born-digital form. These systems will be considered, in the logical model created, as ‘knowledge extraction agents’ (henceforth KEA). In this case KEA taken into consideration are CERMINE and TeamBeam. In an increasingly data-driven world, modelling data or metadata means to help systematise existing information and support the research community in building solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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5. Buy, borrow, die: how rich live off their paper wealth and avoid paying taxes and why we let them do it?
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Agnė Smagurauskaitė and Gabrielė Šarauskaitė
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tax avoidance ,taxation ,investment ,tax strategy ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
In 2021, there are reportedly 2,755 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $13.1 trillion. Every year the newspaper Forbes conducts the list of World Billionaires, but we need to acknowledge that, not all billionaires and their wealth gets reported. Usually, the net worth is reported by calculating the number of stocks with the number of shares that the person owns. We take into consideration that the number we see in the newspaper exists only on paper, but the amount of money in the bank account of Billionaire does, not reflect that kind of wealth in any shape and form. Paper wealth differs from “real” or actual wealth, which is the value of the physical assets that are at the disposal of an individual or company. Many individuals and corporations fall victim to the paper wealth trap. On paper, it looks as though the assets logged are worth a certain amount, but the real assets in hand do not add up to the same. In order to assess, the real wealth individual has to realize the asset in the market by selling the asset mentioned below. If the taxpayer sells these assets, it has accumulated capital gains, then the taxpayer is subject to capital gains taxes. By using the tax planning strategy “Buy, Borrow, and Die” the wealthy individual avoids paying the capital gain tax on the assets that they have. This principle suggests buying and holding assets as they appreciate tax-free, as well borrow using the assets as leverage and using debt to reduce or eliminate income and estate taxes, and maximize aftertax wealth accumulation, as well after the taxpayer pass away the heirs, sell the whole wealth is tax-free, and the debt is paid with the tax-free proceeds.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Working Paper Part 1 : The Very First Pilgrimage - An Inspired Trajectory Out of Africa
- Author
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Ian McIntosh
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indigenous peoples ,australia ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects ,BL51-65 - Abstract
One hundred thousand years ago, give or take, the forebears of some of Australia’s First Nations—by some accounts as few as 150 people—left Africa on an immense journey. After some 2,000 generations, the passage through new and unfamiliar territories of these first modern human beings terminated in a supercontinent that included Australia, Papua, and Tasmania. By some estimates, no more than 150 people—the same number that had originally left Africa—made the final sea crossing that separates Indonesia and Australia. Research on such ancient migrations emphasises population growth, the ‘selfish gene,’ and the territorial imperative, as key drivers of mobility. This working paper speculates that the numinous was the equal to any other factor in migration, which is why this vast trek is called an inspired journey or the very first pilgrimage.
- Published
- 2022
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7. Call for papers: Political and social crises: A case for dynamic decision making?
- Subjects
Dynamic Decision Making ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Camino de Santiago Papers Published in the International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 2013-2021
- Author
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Kevin Griffin, Razaq Raj, and Carlos Fernandes
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Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects ,BL51-65 - Published
- 2022
9. CHRONICLE OF SCIENTIFC PAPERS OF THE PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE SEMINAR
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A. Editorial
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Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Published
- 2019
10. 21st Scientific GTA Convention - Call for papers
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Call for Papers
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Title: Call for papers – Gestalt psycology and philosophy / Gestaltpsychologie und Philosophie Wolfgang Metzger Award 2019 / Wolfgang-Metzger-Preis 2019 Young Academics Achievement Award / Nachwuchs – Förderpreis
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Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. An Evaluative Study of Research Papers Published in Continuing Education
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Abdulmohsen S. Al-Otaiby
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Research Papers ,Continuing Education ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the research papers published in the periodical entitledContinuing Education in terms of their compliance with the academic criteria required and recognized byrefereed periodicals. To achieve this purpose .the study was conducted on 13 articles as a sample randomlyselected from work published in the abovementioned periodical. This sample represented 30% of all thepapers published between 1980 and 1987. In the light of these results, the writer was able to arrive at several recommendatiOns that wouldensure the improvement of the academic standard of research published in the concerned periodical.
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- 1993
14. (In)Justice and Morality. A commentary on Christoph Horn’s Paper
- Author
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Alessandro Pinzani
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justice ,morality ,injustice ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
The paper is a commentary on Christoph Horn’s paper The Concept of Justice. It criticizes Horn’s claim that justice is overrated in contemporary philosophical debate by discussing Horn’s arguments. In doing so, it questions (1) the idea that we can easily distinguish between morally central and peripheral questions, as Horn claims; it points out (2) that this distinction is based on the values held by those who are drawing it; and finally (3) it stresses the centrality of the feeling of outrage provoked by the action whose acceptability is being challenged. Finally, it claims that morality arises from the experience of injustice and, therefore, that questions of justice are not only morally central; they are, rather, essential to morality.
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- 2014
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15. Placebo Papers
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Roberto Polanco Carrasco
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Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2016
16. A Research Paper Questionnaire Based on Library Research
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Haru Deliana Dewi
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kuesioner ,makalah penelitian ,survei ,pertanyaan ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Makalah ini membahas aturan-aturan dan tantangan-tantangan dalam membuat suatu kuesioner dalam mengumpulkan data untuk makalah penelitian. Ada beberapa pertimbangan dan isu-isu etis yang perlu kita perhatikan ketika menyusun suatu kuesioner. Selanjutnya, tahapan dalam membuat dan memilih pertanyaan akan dibahas untuk membuat survei kita efektif. Makalah ini memasukkan, membandingkan, dan mengkontraskan pendapat-pendapat para ahli yang menulis tentang pembuatan pertanyaan untuk suatu kuesioner. Selain itu, makalah ini juga dilengkapi dengan contoh- contoh kuesioner yang baik dan benar yang terdapat pada lampiran.
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- 2015
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17. Defending Paper Gods: Aleister Crowley and the Reception of Daoism in Early Twentieth Century Esotericism
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Johan Nilsson
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aleister crowley ,daoism ,travel writing ,western esotericism ,western reception of chinese religion ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
This article explores the representation of Daoism and Chinese religion in the writings of Aleister Crowley. The influence of Asian religions on the occult revival of the late nineteenth century has often been recognized. Even though much has been said about the perception of Indian religious traditions in European and American esotericism, the influence of Chinese religion on the same environment remains lesser known. At a time when the Theosophical Society started Buddhist schools in Ceylon, Crowley traveled through China arguing with Christian missionaries and sleeping in Daoist temples. Later he praised Laozi as a saint in his Gnostic Mass, proclaimed Daoism “the best of all [mystical] systems” and claimed to have received the original and uncorrupted version of the Daodejing in a religious vision; all this in an intellectual climate where Chinese religion was widely viewed as stagnant and escapist superstition. Although engaging in aggressive anti- missionary polemics Crowley was actually locked in a position of simultaneous rejection of and dependence on missionary Sinology; a form of dependence deeply intertwined with trends of modernity and secularization in early twentieth century Western esotericism.
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- 2013
18. Camino de Santiago Papers Published in the International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 2013-2021
- Author
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Griffin, Kevin, Raj, Razaq, and Fernandes, Carlos
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Tourism and Travel ,BL51-65 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects - Published
- 2022
19. A pause, a rose, something on paper
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Lyn Hejinian
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Language and Literature ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Published
- 2007
20. The fury of the papers; the challenges of a post colonial identity.
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Roberto Polanco - Carrasco
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editorial ,university formation ,professional development ,development of science ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Para nadie, que reflexione sobre la historia y desarrollo del conocimiento moderno, resulta un misterio que el camino natural que sigue una determinada profesión o campo disciplinar va desde la ciencia pura,aquella que nace como una genuina inquietud, pasión e inconformismo frente a lo que nos rodea o -mas específicamente- frente a una parte de ese “todo” que habitamos.Posteriormente, esta inquietud, evoluciona en una disciplina que circunscribe sus prácticas y discursos a un determinado conocimiento,consensuado por los miembros de la misma. Finalmente, este desarrollo culmina su evolución cuando se asimilan las normas, reglas y tradiciones de trasmisión del conocimiento, que caracterizan a toda profesión.Nos puede resultar sin embargo extraño, o al menos curioso, que una determinada línea de conocimiento -llegado a este punto de su escala evolutiva- manifieste una aparente quietud desde la gestación del conocimiento, no así en la “gestión” del conocimiento ya producido. (....)
- Published
- 2009
21. Information et contre-révolution
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P. Jean-François Thomas s.j.
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baudelaire ,democracy ,information ,news-papers ,opinion ,revolution ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Metaphysics ,BD95-131 - Abstract
Information has been omnipresent and all-powerful for almost two centuries, and now possesses sophisticated and invasive means of imposing itself and creating opinion. It was crucial in the Enlightenment and in the preparation of the French Revolution by the intellectual and bourgeois elites. Its characteristic is to be the opposite of intangible truths, to be moving, malleable and adaptable. It is the new replacing the old. It is bracketed by history, because it ignores tradition and no longer needs the past. The creation of opinion in the 18th century introduced a concept of freedom that in fact conceals totalitarianism. People are told what to think. Information is a weapon against all forms of personal reflection and inner life. It imposes itself and imposes, making it impossible to distance oneself. It even kills the democracy it boasts about.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. 30 YEARS OF THE COMMON GOOD Paper presented during the National Conference of the Diocesan Delegates of 'Sovvenire' entitled Partecipazione e corresponsabilità dei fedeli a sostegno di una Chiesa in uscita, Venezia Mestre, 7-9 May 2018
- Author
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Giorgio Feliciani
- Subjects
asygnata podatkowa ,otto per mille ,media_common.quotation_subject ,cooperation ,Republika Włoska ,Dignity ,Promotion (rank) ,Political science ,common good ,prawo kanoniczne ,Democratization ,media_common ,prawo wyznaniowe ,współpraca ,Kościół Katolicki ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,relacje państwo-kościół ,Religious freedom ,finansowanie Kościoła ,dobro wspólne ,Holy See ,Common good ,Church financing ,Canon law ,Religious organization ,Law ,Humanities - Abstract
Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę oceny 30 lat funkcjonowania włoskiego systemu finansowania Kościoła Katolickiego, z którego korzystają obecnie również inne związki wyznaniowe. Odwołując się do dostępnych danych Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że składające się na ten system rozwiązania – pomimo różnych szczegółowych zastrzeżeń – znacząco przyczyniły się nie tylko do stworzenia właściwych warunków realizacji wolności religijnej, ale i na przykład do demokratyzacji systemu podatkowego. Pozwoliły też Kościołowi na podjęcie wielu istotnych inicjatyw społecznych, opiekuńczych i kulturalnych z korzyścią dla włoskiego społeczeństwa i ludności państw Trzeciego Świata. Doświadczenia te bez wątpienia mogą być postrzegane w kategoriach zdrowej współpracy (sana cooperatio), której tak bardzo życzył sobie Sobór Watykański II i do której Republika Włoska oraz Stolica Apostolska wzajemnie się zobowiązały w Umowie z 1984 r. Omawiany system finansowania wymaga jednak stałej promocji, która powinna uwzględniać przede wszystkim odwołania do Kościoła jako wspólnoty, której wszyscy członkowie – równi w godności – dzielą odpowiedzialność za dobro wspólne. The main goal of the present paper is to assess the 30 years of the functioning of the Italian system of financing the Catholic Church, also utilized at present by other religious organizations. On the basis of the available data, the Author reaches the conclusion that the solutions making up the system – despite some reservations – have contributed significantly not only to the creation of the appropriate conditions for the realization of religious freedom, but also – for example – to the democratization of the tax system. They have allowed the Church to undertake many important initiatives of social, protective or cultural character for the benefit of Italian society and the populations of the Third World. Without doubt, the experiences described can be regarded in terms of sound cooperation (sana cooperatio), which was recommended by the Second Vatican Council and to which both, the Italian Republic and the Holy See, commited themselves in the Agreement of 1984. However, the analysed system of financing requires permanent promotion, taking into consideration the image of the Church as a community whose members – equal in dignity – share the responsability for the common good.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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23. Origeniana Octava. Origen and the Alexandrian Tradition. Papers of the 8th International Origen Congress (Pisa, 27-31 August 2001), ed. L. Perrone - P. Bemardino - D. Marchini, voł. 1-11, Leuven 2003, University Press: Mitgeverij Peeters, ss. 1406.
- Author
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Mariusz Szram
- Subjects
recenzja ,Early Christian literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. ,BR60-67 ,Philosophy of religion. Psychology of religion. Religion in relation to other subjects ,BL51-65 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
recenzja
- Published
- 2004
24. The Psychometric Characteristics of Two Versions of a Mathematics Test in Middle School 'A Comparative Study
- Author
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Taghreed Hijazi and Naif Alsharif
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Achievement test, psychometric characteristics, paper-pencil test, online test. ,Education ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of mathematics achievement test using two versions (paper-pencil and online). The two versions of three mathematics achievement tests were applied on a sample consisting of 958 students distributed to lst, 2nd and 3rd preparatory grades. Each test consisted of 30 items with four alternatives to measure students' problem solving skills and the scientific concepts. The sample of the study was randomly stratified and clustered selected. Item difficulty coefficients of the paper-pencil mathematics achievement test ranged between O.28-0.70, 0.38- 0.62, 048-070 for the lst, 2nd and 3rd preparatory grades respectively. There was between O.40-O.68, 0.48-0.66, 0.50-0.68 for the online version. Item discrimination coefficients of the paper-pencil mathematics achievement test ranged between 042-095, 048-094, 047-099 for the lst, 2nd and 3rd preparatory grades respectively. The ranged between 040-097, 055-098, 043-099 for the online version. Results of the study showed that there was a significant difference at a=0.05 between the validity coefficients of the mathematics achievement test due to the version of the test, in favor of paper-pencil version for the 2nd and 3rd preparatory grades. However, there was no significant difference at a=0.05 between the reliability coefficients of the mathematics achievement test due to the version of the test for all of the lst, 2nd and 3rd preparatory grades.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Zakah index: Islamic economics’ welfare measurement
- Author
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Kumara Adji Kusuma and Muhamad Nafik Hadi Ryandono
- Subjects
conventional literature. Finally, Zakah Index is intended to be as an Islamic Economics tool to measure not only the welfare/wellbeing of Islamic Society, but also its religious (spiritual). On the last part of the paper, the Zakah Index Model then is app ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Islam. Bahai Faith. Theosophy, etc. ,BP1-610 ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Abstract
Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Compared to the other pillars, Zakah intersects with most the human dimensions: spiritual, individual, social, economic, and is quantifiable. Zakah also fulfills all of the aspect of the Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah that preserves public interests (maslahah). This paper argues that the lack of full observance of the objectives of the obligation in performing Zakah, which is intended to increase the welfare/wellbeing of the society, makes Islamic Economics as a discipline completely ineffective and inefficient in performing its essential characteristics in fulfilling the Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah. The expected outcome of this study is Zakah Index that will represents the monitoring of Zakah payment in Islamic or Muslim populated country, hence providing academics, students, society, and policy maker in Islamic or Muslim populated country an alternative measurement of economic progress, instead of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The method used in the conceptualization of the Index and its derivatives are content analysis and conventional literature. Finally, Zakah Index is intended to be as an Islamic Economics tool to measure not only the welfare/wellbeing of Islamic Society, but also its religious (spiritual). On the last part of the paper, the Zakah Index Model then is applied to the East Java province. Zakah adalah salah satu rukun Islam. Dibandingkan dengan pilar yang lain, zakah bersinggungan dengan hampir seluruh dimensi manusia: spiritual, individual, sosial, ekonomi dan ia dapat diukur. Selain itu, zakah juga memenuhi seluruh aspek Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah yang bertujuan melindungi kepentingan umum (maslahah). Paper ini didasarkan pandangan bahwa minimnya pengawasan kewajiban pembayaran zakah, yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, menjadikan Ilmu Ekonomi Islam sebagai disiplin tidak efektif dan efisien dalam menjalankan karakteristik utamanya untuk memenuhi tujuan Shariah. Luaran dari studi ini adalah Indeks Zakah yang akan merepresentasi pengawasan pembayaran Zakah di Negara Islam atau masyarakat mayoritas muslim, yang dengan demikian menyediakan alternatif pengukuran kemajuan ekonomi bagi pemerintah, akademisi, dan masyarakat daripada menggunakan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Metode penyusunan konsep indeks ini dengan berbagai derivasinya adalah content analysis dan metode induktif yang meliputi literatur Islam dan konvensional. Akhirnya, Indeks Zakah ini dimaksudkan menjadi “tool” Ilmu Ekonomi Islam untuk mengukur tidak hanya kesejahteraan masyarakat muslim, namun juga aspek religiusitasnya. Pada bagian akhir paper ini, model Indeks Zakah ini dipalikasikan di Provinsi Jawa Timur.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Aksara-Aksara Penyimpan Informasi di Banten
- Author
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Titik Pudjiastuti
- Subjects
banten manuscript ,alphabet ,eropa paper ,sultanate of banten ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Banten is one of the 34 provinces which helped to establish the Republic of Indonesia. Although it was just acknowledged as a province of Indonesia in 2000, as a pepper producer Banten had been known around the world long before its sultanate even existed. The various written sources consist of scripts, archives, and inscriptions from various backgrounds, such as history, literature, and religion. This research found that there are several scripts used as a written medium in Banten, such as Arabic, Jawi (Malay-Arabic), Pegon (Arabic-Javanese), Hanacaraka, and Latin. From the text content point of view, it has been found that these scripts also function as an information depositor of Banten.
- Published
- 2016
27. Religious freedom and the law: a reality or pipe dream for prisoners in South Africa?
- Author
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H. Puleng Motlalekgosi
- Subjects
human dignity ,Religions. Mythology. Rationalism ,Human rights ,Constitution ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious freedom ,BL1-2790 ,The Republic ,prisoners' freedom of religion ,Dignity ,White paper ,spiritual services ,prisoners' spiritual needs ,Political science ,Law ,Freedom of religion ,Dream ,religious beliefs ,media_common - Abstract
Freedom of religion, like other human rights, must be respected, protected, and promoted by relevant and entrusted authorities to comply with legitimate laws, applicable to a particular environment. In South Africa, the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 as amended, the White Paper on Corrections in South Africa of 2005, and internal policies are intended to make provision for prisoners’ freedom of religion in the correctional services environment. These essentially give effect to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996, emanating from pertinent international and African continental instru-ments. Through an analytic design of change over time, this essay seeks to conduct an analysis of prisoners’ freedom of religion in South Africa. This analysis is based on the Department of Correctional Services’ annual reports published between 1997 and 2016 and the general conditions of prisons in South Africa. The finding of this study reveals a violation of the right of prisoners to freedom of religion by the South African correctional authority.Keywords: prisoners’ freedom of religion, human dignity, religious beliefs, spiritual services, prisoners’ spiritual needs
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Nihilism, Homelessness, and Place
- Author
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Jeff Malpas
- Subjects
homelessness ,home ,belonging ,place ,nihilism ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
One of the ways, in which a form of nihilism might be thought to be present in contemporary life and culture, in an especially pervasive and powerful fashion, is in the phenomenon of homelessness. Since homelessness is essentially a privative phenomenon, any serious engagement with it forces us also to engage with the ideas of home, and of place and belonging, from which homelessness derives—ideas that themselves take on a problematic character in the contemporary world. The paper addresses some of the arguments and claims that arise in relation to these ideas, and especially the critical arguments that are frequently directed at them and are taken to imply the need for their abandonment. The main claim of the paper is that such a conclusion is misconceived and misguided, and that home, place, and belonging require rethinking and retrieval rather than abandonment. The paper has three main elements: first, a brief survey of the lines of argument that are typically directed at the notions at issue here; second, an exploration of the reasons why those notions remain necessary; third, a discussion of the task of retrieval and the way the task of retrieval is itself central to the possibility of critique.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Progress as Barbarism. Epistemic Violence and Philosophicide of the West Against Indigenous Cosmo-Spiritualities
- Author
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Josef Estermann
- Subjects
intercultural philosophy ,andean philosophy ,epistemicide ,abya yala ,philosophicide ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
In the paper, the author subjects the narrative of “interculturality” to a critique from an intercultural perspective, invoking the critical potential of Intercultural Philosophy in contrast to a culturalist “interculturality” light. The background of this analysis is the epistemic violence exercised by the West in the fields of knowledge, science, and education. This violence is particularly noticeable in the case of philosophy, leading to a sort of “philosophical homicide” (philosophicide) with respect to indigenous philosophies, such as the Andean one in the case of Abya Yala. The paper concludes with some guidelines for the challenges that a critical Intercultural Philosophy must face in the 21st century.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Phenomenological Explication of Cultural Difference. With Reference to the Cultural Situation in Taiwan
- Author
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Chung-Chi Yu
- Subjects
cultural difference ,nihilism ,husserl ,schutz ,appresentation ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
In an age when it has become commonplace to encounter cultural differences, the problem of the latter deserves our close attention. With the help of phenomenology, the paper manages to illuminate the meaning of cultural difference. Beyond that, the paper wishes to show that phenomenology may also provide us with a solid ground, such that we can handle cultural difference in the face of the challenge of nihilism. The first part of the contribution is dedicated to a brief review concerning the question how the problem of cultural difference has been hinted at in the thoughts both of Husserl and Schutz, and how it was overlooked by both of them. As next, the paper deals with the concept of appresentation, in order to see how it was originally developed in Husserl and then transformed by Schutz. The last part lays out the twisted experience of cultural difference displayed in the novel Orphan of Asia; within it, Nietzsche’s ideas of nihilism are introduced, in order to evaluate how to face cultural differences appropriately.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Transformations of the Idea of Humanity in the Age of Technological Nihilism
- Author
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Adriano Fabris
- Subjects
nihilism ,relation ,meaning ,explanation ,relational disorder ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The paper discusses two forms of contemporary nihilism. They are the replacement of meaning with explanation, and the replacement of purposeful theoretical explanation with purposeless praxis. Both forms are presented and discussed. In order to counter these two forms, adaptation to a nihilistic dimension must be avoided. To this end, the paper presents an interpretation of nihilism as “relational disorder,” and proposes the idea and development of a “relational humanity” as an antidote to nihilism of our age.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Old Problems and New Perspectives for Neurophenomenology in Psychiatry: The Chronicle of the Radical Turn
- Author
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Olga A. Vlasova
- Subjects
philosophy of the psychiatry ,phenomenology ,enactivism ,neuroscience ,experience ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
On the wave of intensive development of cognitive sciences we see the intensive physiology, psychology and philosophy studies in the Russian tradition. Philosophy discusses the analytical think and the problem of free will, logic, epistemology and enactivism; the orient studies with attention to experience are very rarely. Against this background, psychiatric neurophenomenology as one of the most important field for science and practice is completely forgotten. The paper reconstructs continuity between the “old” philosophical theories in psychiatry in the 20th century beginning and the “new” interpretations in neuroscience. The author demonstrates the most characteristic parallels of this renewal: neurophenomenology problematizes the problem of description and understanding methodology, as K. Jaspers, accents the prelogical experience, as E. Strauss, tunes away from the subject-object split to immediate experience, as L. Binswanger, emphasizes the embodiment and totalization of communication, as R. Laing. Reliance on the analysis of actual modern discussions paper shows how traditional problems transforms in recent years, and what perspectives these transformations open for philosophy and interdisciplinary practice. The author studies psychiatric phenomenology of experience of J. Parnas, G. Stanghellini, L. Sass, D. Zahavi, K. Mundt, T. Fuchs and others, analyses the interdisciplinary potential of modern research and diagnostic programs. It is concluded that, by overcoming the biological and psychological dichotomy, by turning to the field of experience as a field of general interest, neurophenomenology creates a research field in which the philosophy of psychiatry overcomes its antinomianism.
- Published
- 2024
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33. The Modern Semantic Principles Behind Gilson’s Existential Interpretation of Aquinas (part 2)
- Author
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Elliot T. Polsky
- Subjects
étienne gilson ,jacques maritain ,existential judgment ,thomism ,aristotle’s categories ,semantics ,brentano ,pfänder ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Metaphysics ,BD95-131 - Abstract
Part one of this two-part paper looked at the modern semantic developments underlying Gilson’s innovative and highly influential semantic theory in Being and Some Philosophers (BSP)—the existential neutrality of the copula, the distinction between predication and some positing or “thetic” function of judgment, and the distinction between predication and assertion. The present part of this paper offers a rereading of Gilson’s work in light of this modern backdrop. It argues that Gilson’s BSP, rather than being a purely historical exegesis of the writings of a thirteenth-century friar, is a work of original philosophizing inspired by Aquinas, but principally engaged with modern debates. In particular, it advances a Brentano-inspired reading of Aquinas in place of Maritain’s Pfänder-inspired reading of him. Rereading Gilson in his historical setting clarifies the meaning and implication of many phrases and theses that have become commonplaces in philosophical discourse, in part because of Gilson’s work.
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- 2024
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34. Zionism and Academic Hegemony: The Intersection of Power, Knowledge, and Suppression in the United States Universities
- Author
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Mehmet Rakipoğlu
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
This paper critically explores the impact of Zionism on academic freedom and knowledge production in U.S. universities. It emphasizes how political lobbying, financial influence, and allegations of antisemitism are strategically employed to establish a cultural hegemony that determines what discourse is acceptable. Based on Michel Foucault's theory of power-knowledge, which posits that knowledge and power are intimately linked and shape one another, and Antonio Gramsci's concept of cultural hegemony, which explains how dominant groups maintain power through ideological means, this study examines how Zionist organizations influence higher education frameworks, research priorities, and public discourse. This manipulation often serves to marginalize, silence, or delegitimize critical perspectives that oppose or challenge Israeli policies and actions, especially those related to the occupation of Palestinian territories and human rights violations. This paper analyzes certain instances highlighting these dynamics, such as the rescinded job offer to Steven Salaita at the University of Illinois following his criticism of Israel’s genocide in Gaza on social media. This case, among others, underscores how Zionist lobbying and donor pressures can directly affect university governance, academic appointments, and freedom of expression within academic settings. Additional examples include the suppression of pro-Palestinian viewpoints and the punishment of students and faculty who advocate for Palestinian rights at various prominent U.S. institutions, which further demonstrate the broader, systematic efforts to control academic discourse. By examining these cases, the study reveals that Zionism's influence is not limited to isolated cases but creates a widespread atmosphere where academic freedom is restricted. Universities meant to be pillars of free thought and critical inquiry, increasingly become arenas where dissent is suppressed and ideological conformity is imposed. This paper highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which Zionism shapes the intellectual landscape in the U.S., reinforcing power structures that limit open debate and critical scholarship.
- Published
- 2024
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35. Yūsuf Khāṣṣ-Hājib on Virtuous Leadership: A Medieval Turko-Islamic Philosophical Discourse
- Author
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Darkhan M. Nauruzbayev, Zhakipbek A. Altayev, and Nurtas T. Abdimomynov
- Subjects
virtue ethics ,turko-islamic political thought ,al-fārābī ,yūsuf khāṣṣ-hājib ,the kutadgu bilig ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The article examines Yūsuf Khāṣṣ-Hājib’s magnum opus, Kutadgu Bilig , to analyze his thoughts on virtue ethics and leadership. Grounded in the ancient Mirror for Princes genre, the didactic poem Kutadgu Bilig reflects the medieval Turko-Islamic philosophical discourse on virtuous leadership, wherein the main characters of the poem engage in profound discussions about justice, morality, and wisdom by elucidating their significance in governance. Moreover, the article has revealed how Kutadgu Bilig expounds on the essential role of virtues in nurturing future political rulers as virtuous leaders through the cultivation of virtue ethics. As the paper finds, virtue ethics takes a central position in Yūsuf’s teachings, and the Kutadgu Bilig was written to illuminate the path to wisdom in governance and ethical decision-making for young political rulers. The first part of the paper examines Yūsuf’s thoughts on virtuous leadership and his utopian ideas about “the virtuous ruler” (Kün Togdi) in the Kutadgu Bilig by focusing on his qualities. In the second part, the paper analyzes the positive effects of virtuous leadership according to Yūsuf’s perspectives. Special attention is given to Yūsuf’s four principles in the Kutadgu Bilig - Justice, Fortune (Happiness), Wisdom (or Intellect), and Contentment , which are examined in the context of virtue ethics. Moreover, the article attempted, so far as it has been able, to trace Yūsuf’s ideas on virtuous leadership with the thoughts of the Islamic philosopher al-Fārābī.
- Published
- 2024
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36. Tizian a Josefina. Českost, světovost a modernost Josefa Mánesa
- Author
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Pavla Machalíková
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The portrait of a young woman named Josefina is a paraphrase of a famous model in the work of Josef Mánes – Titian’s Toilette of a Young Woman from the collections of the Prague Castle Picture Gallery. In this context, it is possible to consider what models Mánes himself professed and why and how his work was influenced by the constant ideological-theoretical effort to define Czechness, but at the same time the worldliness of domestic painting. In this paper I deal with the development of the idea of such models (medieval and baroque) and the contemporary idea of their Czechness. In Mánes’ case, I focus on the connection between the idea of Czechness and the folk elements defined in 1848 thanks to Ludvík Rittersberg, but also with the valued examples of the anti-academic approach to colour as a key means of painting. Another tendency can be observed in the appreciation of Baroque artists and is also reflected in the selection of works for the very first major public exhibition of domestic art held in Kutná Hora in 1867. The aim of the paper is therefore to reflect on how the idea of defining Czechness and the worldliness of domestic painting changed in the third quarter of the 19th century and what role the work of Josef Mánes played in this. The second level is to ask which of these phenomena stood out as the current painting theme of his time and which of the idea of the Czechness, worldliness and modernity of Mánes’s work is a projection of later interpretations.
- Published
- 2024
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37. Vztah těla a mysli podle Kanta. Kantova transcendentálně-logická redukce jednoho metafyzického problému
- Author
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Jindřich Karásek
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The paper advocates the view that within Kant’s project of transcendental philosophy, the metaphysical problem of the relation between body and soul is reduced to an epistemic problem. The paper also aims to demonstrate the particular implications of this reduction with regard to the issues addressed in metaphysical conceptions of the relation between body and mind. Further, it is shown what conception of matter Kant develops within his reduction.
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- 2024
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38. Kant a problematický pojem věci o sobě
- Author
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Jiří Chotaš
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The paper discusses Kant’s distinction between appearances and things in themselves, phenomena and noumena, and the problem of affection. The difference between appearances and things in themselves is understood as a methodological difference between two manners in which an object can be viewed: either as an appearance, or as a thing in itself. The author claims that this double-aspect view is a consequence of Kant’s conception of space and time as a priori forms of sensibility. The difference between phenomena and noumena, on the other hand, cannot be explained only by the double-aspect view; Kant understands it also as an ontological difference between two different kinds of objects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problem of affection. The author claims that this problem is a pseudo-problem if we understand the difference between appearances and things in themselves as double-aspect view. Kant had maintained only an empirical affection. Passages in which Kant seems to advocate a transcendental affection can be brought in line with Kant’s critical philosophy.
- Published
- 2024
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39. The Role of Emotions in the Dissemination of Populism and fake News Phenomena
- Author
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Paula Čatipović
- Subjects
emotions ,identity ,public sphere ,populism ,fake news ,media ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Based on the assumption that human emotions have an influence on their decisions and attitudes, this paper explores the relationship between emotions and the challenges democracy faces in the 21st century. Focusing on fake news and populism, the paper explores the role of emotions in these phenomena. Some of the emotional patterns analyzed in this paper are the appearance of fear, insecurity, and anger, which are manifested through the creation of “enemies” and “antagonists” embodied by immigrants, political elites, and mainstream media. In the end, by reviewing significant research on this topic, a fundamental distinction is revealed in the interpretation of the mentioned phenomena, considering whether people approach them from an emotionally challenged or reason-driven position. Therefore, a systematical overview of work on this topic can make a significant contribution to the further understanding of these phenomena.
- Published
- 2024
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40. Motives for economic migration: A review
- Author
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Kerstin Mitterbacher
- Subjects
economic migrants ,motives ,typical profile ,Literature review ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Migration is a key driver of economic and societal transformation, touching people’s lives worldwide. Understanding why people decide to migrate is crucial for fostering inclusive and diverse societies and informing effective policy-making. This paper focuses on economic migrants, a particular group of migrants whose study has primarily been confined to narrow areas of interest and characterized by inconsistent terminology, limiting cross-study comparability and the synthesis of findings. Viewed through the interdisciplinary lens and derived from theoretical, empirical, and analytical research outcomes, the present paper concludes that economic migrants’ movements are influenced by the socio-demographic factors of ‘age’ and ‘education’ and are motivated by both the economic motives of ‘expected income’ and ‘employment’ and the economic-related motives of ‘corruption’, ‘amenities’, and ‘happiness’. These motives also reveal a typical profile of economic migrants: working-age, highly educated, predominantly male individuals who seek opportunities in developed countries to achieve a fulfilling life. The presented findings contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic decision-making process of economic migrants and offer valuable insights for policymakers to design more nuanced and targeted strategies for integrating migrants into societies.
- Published
- 2025
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41. Ortega on liberalism and democracy: revisiting an old discussion
- Author
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Carlos Morujão
- Subjects
Ortega ,Liberalism ,Democracy ,Phenomenology ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
In this paper I address the problem of Ortega’s liberalism. I try to characterize Ortega’s liberal creed considering his well-known statemen, in The Revolt of the Masses, that the 20th century needs a liberalism different from the 19th century one. I argue that some traits of Ortega’s liberalism, namely, Ortega’s concern with social rights, can also be found in some liberal authors of the Weimar Republic. However, my central claim in this paper is that the kind of liberalism Ortega proposes is only understandable in the light of its philosophical groundwork. I also try to highlight the changes in Ortega’s concept of liberalism, from his early liberal socialism (under the influence of Paul Natorp) to the mature liberalism that follows Ortega’s acceptance of phenomenology, of which we find a document in Meditations on Quixote of 1914 and in “New and old politics”, published in the same year. On the basis of this phenomenological turn, Ortega will propose a distinction between liberalism and democracy, as two different answers to two different problems. Finaly, I discuss the hypotheses of the existence of a third phase in Ortega’s liberalism, more pessimistic and conservative, of which evidence can be found in his essay On the Romam Empire.
- Published
- 2025
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42. Well-being is dead, long live well-being!
- Author
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Mark Piper
- Subjects
Well-being ,Contextualism ,Invariantism ,Prudential good ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
My primary concern in this paper is with how answering a central metaethical question about well-being impacts work on substantive theories of well-being. Specifically, I argue that well-being invariantism is a priori untenable and hence that any attempt to establish one or more substantive prudential goods as the ‘essence’ of well-being is doomed to failure. I further argue that a priori considerations establish the truth of well-being contextualism. Importantly, the truth of well-being contextualism does not undermine the possibility of making objective, substantive well-being claims. Once a context or orientation is established, the relevant standards become clear and derivative objective judgments are possible. The upshot of this paper is that philosophers should abandon the attempt to establish any invariant substantive claims about well-being as such (well-being invariantism is dead). Instead, we should focus on clarifying the most important contexts in which we wish to make well-being claims and seek to make progress in those (long live well-being).
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
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43. The Role of Teacher and Pupil in the Context of Autonomous Learning
- Author
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Jana Kucharová
- Subjects
autonomous learning ,autonomous pupil ,active pupil ,teacher ,manager ,organizer ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The paper offers a brief overview of the role of teacher and pupil in the context of autonomous learning. An autonomous pupil means an active pupil. His activity consists not only in motivation to learn, but also in participating in social processes, defining one’s own goals and responsibly managing the way to achieve them. The teacher accompanies the active student through the learning process as a manager, mediator, advisor, but also as a fellow pupil. The aim of the paper is to specify the roles and characteristic features of the autonomous teacher and pupil and to point out their differences with respect to the traditional perception of the teacher and pupil in the process of upbringing and education.
- Published
- 2024
44. On the separation of powers and the separation of state and Church: Remarks on the resignation of the Hungarian president
- Author
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Lóránt Csink
- Subjects
Hungary ,separation of powers ,Church-State relations ,president ,political responsibility ,separation of Church and State ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Law - Abstract
The resignation of the Hungarian president in February 2024 not only proved to be a political issue, but also raised important questions of constitutional law. The event raised fundamental questions about issues such as parliamentarism, the separation of powers, political responsibility, and the separation of church and state. This paper presents a theoretic analysis, examining why reality seems to differ from constitutional law textbooks. Constitutionalists have generally interpreted the separation of church and state in an institutional way, considering the relationship between the various “structures”. In this paper, however, a different aspect of the topic has emerged, namely the intertwining of church and state positions. How should situations be handled when church leaders are involved in politics? This paper concludes that the relationship between the president and the government has changed drastically, even though the text of the constitution remains unaltered. This change has introduced the political responsibility of the president, an aspect that previously seemed unthinkable. Another aspect relates to the separation of church and state. It has become evident that this relationship is not just a structural matter, but one that also involves personal relationships.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Fighting the Hydra
- Author
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Tjorven Harmsen, Ina Hennen, and Marie Kaltenbach
- Subjects
crisis management ,dynamic decision making ,global polycrisis ,municipalities ,public administration ,transboundary crisis ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Crises today occur in manifold variants. Cyberattacks, floods, wars, pandemics – the list of cases is ongoing. Academic literature recognizes them as “transboundary crises” (Ansell et al. 2010) or as “global polycrisis” (Homer-Dixon et al., 2022), referring to their transgressing, cascading and overlapping dynamics in both space and time. In this paper, we discuss how decisions are made at a local level in such dynamic, if not disruptive, environments. By combining DDM and crisis management literature, we illustrate how the decision-making evolves when the crisis shows transboundary characteristics, that is, when cascading dynamics call for even more decisions (hence the “Hydra” metaphor referring to a monster in Greek mythology that multiplies its heads once it is being fought). The paper draws on a qualitative study on decision processes in local authorities and organizations in Germany during the Covid-19 pandemic. It can show (1) how these local actors build inter-organizational networks (e.g. task forces) in order to synchronize their decision processes against the background of changing federal requirements; (2) how, due to the duration of the pandemic, rather permanent decision systems developed; and (3) how these networks learn to sustain dynamic decision-making capacities in order to cope with crises following Covid-19, such as the effects of the war in the Ukraine or recent climate impacts. With these findings we contribute to an “integrative” conception of crisis in current crisis management literature that seeks definition in a dynamic process view rather than using either objective or subjective criteria. A DDM approach allows for a more detailed realization of this conceptual shift by representing the current “cascading disasters” as “cascading decision-making”. This understanding focuses on the active role decision-making plays as well as it reflects on the fact that decision-making in today’s crises always involves others making decisions, too.
- Published
- 2024
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46. Secularization and desecularization: discussion on paradigms
- Author
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Piotr Musiewicz
- Subjects
Secularization ,Desecularization ,Religion is society ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Christianity ,BR1-1725 - Abstract
This paper attempts to contribute to the debate on theory of secularization by presenting critical arguments against it and – where possible – these arguments’ refutation. Some of the arguments, however touch the core paradigm of secularization, and, it seems, can be answered only by developing a modified, but not necessarily contrary paradigm. The main objective of the paper is to be established against this backdrop, and it is to introduce and critically discuss the concept of desecularization. It shall be argued the concept of desecularization has potential to overcome the entanglement of paradigms of secularization in progressiveness, narrow-range scope, linearity and predicted directness of the role of religion. To illustrate the difference of paradigms, some particular cases of religious resurgence (Georgia, Hungary, Poland, USA) are briefly analyzed from the perspective of secularization and of desecularization
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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47. 'The Apostle of the Apostles,' Prostitute or Penitent? A Typology of Mary Magdalene in the Homilies of Gregory the Great
- Author
-
Magdalena Jóźwiak
- Subjects
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
Mary Magdalene, who is mentioned on the pages of the Gospels twelve times, is regarded as one of the most famous and stirring strong emotions women of the New Testament. In some religious circles to this day, one can still hear claims that Mary of Magdala was a prostitute. Others argue that Magdalene is the “Apostle of the Apostles” (Apostola Apostolorum) because she was the first person to bear witness to the risen Lord (e.g. Hippolytus of Rome, Jerome of Stridon). Pope Gregory the Great, on the other hand, combined three evangelical women into one figure in his two homilies: the nameless sinful woman (cf. Luke 7:37), Mary Magdalene (cf. Luke 8:2), and Mary mentioned in John 20:11 – into a single figure. Thus, Mary of Magdala was regarded as a prostitute. Gregory the Great’s theory became prevalent in Western Christianity over the next fifteen centuries. This paper aims to analyse homilies XXV and XXXIII by Gregory the Great and attempt to address the question of whether, for the popecommentator, Mary Magdalene is exclusively and mainly a symbol of the “convert prostitute?” This paper adopted the philological method. It concludes that perhaps the pope himself would have been astonished that for so many centuries, the most enduring legacy of his two aforementioned homilies is the image of Magdalene as a “convert prostitute” rather than the moral teaching he wanted to convey. After all, the commentator also juxtaposed Magdalene with the Shulamite from the Song of Songs, Eve, Simon the Pharisee, Peter, Zacchaeus and Dismas, and saw in her a “type” of a Christian of every era.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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48. Soteriological Inclusiveness and Religious Tourism in Modern Thai Buddhism: The Stūpa of Mae Chi Kaew Sianglam (1901–1991)
- Author
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Martin Seeger, Prapas Kaewketpong, Adcharawan Seeger, and Juree Saijunjiam
- Subjects
religious tourism ,Buddhist pilgrimage ,Theravada Buddhism ,Thai Buddhism ,female monasticism ,mae chis ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
While numerous Thai male Buddhist monastics have been deeply and widely revered for their perceived attainment of full awakening/arahant-ship, the same recognition for Thai female practitioners together with the concomitant phenomena of veneration remain very limited, with only a few notable exceptions. Given the scarcity of acknowledged Thai female Buddhist arahants in comparison to the number of widely venerated male Thai arahants, it is unsurprising that while numerous sacred sites across the country are dedicated to male practitioners of modern Thai Buddhism, equivalent places for the veneration of female Buddhist practitioners are exceedingly rare. The Mae Chi Kaew Stūpa stands out due to its unique purpose: it was built for the memory and veneration of a female arahant of modern Thai Buddhism. Unlike most similar monuments dedicated to male monastic practitioners of modern Thai Buddhism who are believed to have achieved full awakening, this memorial is an unambiguous articulation of women’s potential to realise the summum bonum of Theravada Buddhist soteriology in current times. As we will show in this paper, the Mae Chi Kaew Stūpa has been strategically promoted as a religious tourism site across multiple levels: international, national, provincial, and local. Thus, our research focuses on the question of how tourism may help to effectively spread the message of what the Buddhist Studies scholar Alan Sponberg in relation to early Buddhism termed “soteriological inclusiveness.” Drawing on sustained ethnographic work at the Mae Chi Kaew Stūpa in Thailand’s northeastern province of Mukdahan, this paper aims to examine the interface between modern tourism and Thai Buddhist religiosity.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. ASTRONAUT SELECTION AND POTENTIAL RISK MANAGEMENT: PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA AND RESILIENCE FOR MARS SPACE MISSION
- Author
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David W. Kim
- Subjects
mars ,astronaut selection ,trauma ,risk management ,resilience ,Social Sciences ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The first human orbited the Earth for less than two hours in 1961. The twelve Apollo astronauts experienced up to 22 hours of walking on the Moon (Apollo 17). Beginning in 2000, the International Space Station (ISS) hosted 279 individuals from 22 countries who stayed in space for six to 12 months. Among them, Oleg Kononeko holds the record for the longest mission, exceeding two years. The astronaut selection programme has evolved over time in accordance with the objectives and duration of spaceflight. Questions arise about the criteria for astronaut candidature, the selection process used in the past, and the psychological issues that warrant increased consideration for future deep space travel. Moreover, how can we mitigate potential risk factors and improve astronaut safety and well-being? This paper explores the historical narratives of the astronaut selection process for short-term missions. Considering major hazards such as confinement (isolation), distance from Earth (travel time), and hostile environments, this paper proposes a hypothetical human policy for a Mars return mission (2.5â3 years). It focuses on enhancing the astronautsâ psychiatric resilience through a selection protocol that takes into account family traumas (bereavement, divorce, and abuse), addictions (drug, alcohol, smoking, internet gambling (games), and sex), and personality traits associated with possible emergency situations (threat, stubbornness, aggression, hostility, or violence) in the context of space community security.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Two Central Meanings of Subjectivity and Their Application in the Political Context of Modern Ukraine
- Author
-
Yurii Boiko
- Subjects
subject ,subjectivity ,subjectivation ,political philosophy ,philosophy of history ,philosophy of education ,ukraine ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
This paper examines the fundamental meanings of the concepts of “subject” and “subjectivity” in Western political philosophy, aiming to place them within the context of modern Ukraine. The discourses on Ukraine-as-a-subject are examined in relation to the two contradictory senses of subjectivity: (a) autonomous, selfpossessing, and (b) dependent, belonging subject. As the idea of an autonomous subject in Western political thought is closely related to colonial ideology and practice, this concept should be replaced with the notion of the historical, dependent subject, which is shaped by the political regime it belongs to. Consequently, the paper argues that the sense of a belonging subject (b) better reflects the actual practices of subjection, because it captures the factor of belonging to the community and presupposes the ethical, normative impact of the political collective on its subjects. Aristotle’s first systematic use of the word subject (to hupokeimenon) is based on the verb “to belong” (hupokeimai), from which the Latin civis (citizen) is also derived. Accordingly, the true ‘autonomy’ of the subject lies in the ability to choose one’s ‘belonging’ and to participate in a political community that reinterprets and changes one’s own intellectual tradition. In this case, the historicity of the subject does not mean a fateful and singular History, but rather a multiplicity of stories that give meaning and value to their subjects. The only way to partake in the act of subjectivation is through self-regulated education, which molds the social subject within the community. In the case of Ukraine, this primarily means that political power should be locally generated through civil institutions and groups that play a normative role in society. Only when education and political organization become a res publica can subjectivation be a liberating practice, as envisioned by the theorists of the Enlightenment.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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