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The article offers the author's insights on cognition which is a relation that something is understood within its cognizability. He says that cognizability is neither a capacity of subject to recognize, nor a property of objects or a capacity to be known that expects the opportunity to realize itself in cognition. He mentions that the philosophies of languages, cognition theories, and history philosophies were confronted by philosopher Walter Benjamin in his work.

The article focuses on the concept of "guilt" in context of history. Since history cannot be conceived as a chain of events produced by mechanical causation, it must be thought of as a connection between occurrences that meets at least two conditions: first that it admit indeterminacy and thus freedom, and second that it nonetheless be demonstrable in determinate occurrences and in the distinct form of their coherence. A temporal nexus that clearly does not satisfy these conflicting requirements has been characterized in one of the oldest texts of occidental philosophy as the time of guilt. The strict coherence of guilt and penance is ascertained by the principle of their equivalence. Everything that happens is guilt. This is why guilt is "the highest category" of history. Every world-historical moment is indebted and indebting. Cause and effect can never be decisive categories for the structure of world history, because they cannot determine any totality. Logic has to prove the principle that no totality as such can be either cause or effect.