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Asclepias linaria Cav. (Apocynaceae) is a shrubby plant endemic of Mexico which has been used in traditional medicine. However, the bioactive potential of this plant remains unexplored. In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of A. linaria leaves were determined. In order to estimate the phenolic composition of the leaves, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents were determined. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was measured by the scavenging activity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ) and 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS •+ ) radicals and the total antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds identified in the A. linaria leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) include phenolic acids, such as p -coumaric and ferulic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin. The leaves' extracts of A. linaria showed a high scavenging activity of DPPH • and ABTS •+ radicals (IC 50 0.12 ± 0.001 and 0.51 ± 0.003 µg/mL, respectively), high total antioxidant capacity values (99.77 ± 4.32 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/g of dry tissue), and had a cytotoxic effect against K562 and HL60 hematologic neoplasia cells lines, but no toxicity towards the normal mononuclear cell line was observed. These results highlight the potential of A. linaria and could be considered as a possible alternative source of anticancer compounds.

The Verbesina gender represents the second most diverse group from the Asteraceae family in Mexico; Verbesina sphaerocephala is one of the most distributed species along the Mexican territory. This species has been poorly studied, reporting the presence of some bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In this study, phenolic and flavonoid contents and composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of aqueous extracts of the stem of V. sphaerocephala and its fractions were determined. The results showed that the highest antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was shown by the aqueous extract (IC50: 0.10 mg/mL) and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50: 14.8 mg/mL). In addition, the aqueous extract and the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest phenolic (21.40 and 21.26 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively) and flavonoid contents (11.53 and 3.71 mg rutin equivalents, respectively) and high antioxidant activity determined by the Total Antioxidant Capacity (20.62 and 40.21 mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively), Ferric Reducing Power (74.76 and 129.57 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry extract, respectively), DPPH (IC50: 12.38 and 7.36 mg/mL, respectively), and ABTS (IC50: 5.60 and 7.76 mg/mL, respectively) methods. Twelve phenolic compounds were detected in the aqueous extract using UPLC-MS analysis, of which the major ones were protocatechuic, vanillic, and hydroxybenzoic acid, while in the ethyl acetate fraction, the presence of 18 phenolic compounds were identified, of which the majority were vanillin, rutin, and hydroxybenzoic acid. The results of this research demonstrate that the aqueous extract of V. sphaerocephala stems has phenolic compounds with antifungal and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (Asteraceae), and endemic plant of Mexico is used in herbal medicine. In this study, the phytochemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts from C. sulphureus leaves and flowers were determined. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of compounds such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and anthraquinones. The experimental results showed that the extracts have high contents of phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents. The phenolic compounds identified in the C. sulphureus extracts by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) include phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as well flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin. The C. sulphureus extracts showed a relevant free radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation inhibition ability, and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity. This research highlights the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds-rich extracts from C. sulphureus leaves and flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, it was found that solid–liquid extraction solvent influenced the phenolic content in leaf extracts of Stevia origanoides, S. ovata and S. viscida. The highest total phenolic and flavonoids contents, the highest scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical, and the highest total antioxidant capacity values were observed when 50% ethanol was used. The phenolic compounds identified in the Stevia leaf extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) include phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and vanillic acid, as well as flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total phenolic and flavonoid content, phenolic composition, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts of Ximenia parviflora Benth. var. parviflora fruits collected at Zinaparo, Michoacan (in central Mexico) were determined. Fruit extracts present a high scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] radicals (71.49 ± 0.11% and 85.00 ± 1.29% inhibition, respectively). The four phenolic compounds identified in fruit extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin. X. parviflora fruits may be used as a starting material for the extraction of high value antioxidant phenolic compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and dietary supplement industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanum ferrugineumJacq. is a wild species that in previous analysis reported a significant antioxidant capacity. The aim of our research was to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF of methanolic extracts ofS. ferrugineumfruits, collected from Paredones, Jiquilpan, and Fray Dominguez, Pajuacarán in the Mexican state of Michoacán. TPC and TFC were determined by the spectrophotometric Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and the AlCl3method, respectively. TPC inS. ferrugineumfruit [31.41 ± 0.91 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry tissue (DT)] was similar to those reported for Turkey berry (Solanum torvumSw.) and eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) fruits. The TFC values ofS. ferrugineumfruits (29.14 ± 4.99 mg catechin equivalent /g DT) corresponded to 80.24% of the TPC. Eight phenolic compounds (PC) were identified by HPLC analysis. The main PC identified inS. ferrugineumfruits were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid,p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol.S. ferrugineumfruits could be used as a starting material for the extraction of high-value PC with potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Asclepias linaria Cav. (Apocynaceae) is a shrubby plant endemic of Mexico which has been used in traditional medicine. However, the bioactive potential of this plant remains unexplored. In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of A. linaria leaves were determined. In order to estimate the phenolic composition of the leaves, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents were determined. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was measured by the scavenging activity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS•+) radicals and the total antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds identified in the A. linaria leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) include phenolic acids, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin. The leaves' extracts of A. linaria showed a high scavenging activity of DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 0.12 ± 0.001 and 0.51 ± 0.003 µg/mL, respectively), high total antioxidant capacity values (99.77 ± 4.32 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/g of dry tissue), and had a cytotoxic effect against K562 and HL60 hematologic neoplasia cells lines, but no toxicity towards the normal mononuclear cell line was observed. These results highlight the potential of A. linaria and could be considered as a possible alternative source of anticancer compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]