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In this study, phenolic compounds using deep eutectic solvents (DES) were extracted from cork dust, and the biogas production potential of DES-treated cork dust samples was determined. The DES treatment was carried out using choline chloride and formic acid (1:2 M ratio) at various temperatures (90, 110 and 130 °C) and treatment times (20, 40 and 60 min) at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 g mL -1 . The highest total phenolic content (137 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g -1 dry cork dust) was achieved at 110 °C/20 min. The extracts exhibited an antioxidant capacity of up to 56.3 ± 3.1 % 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) inhibition at a dilution rate of 100. DES treatment resulted in minimal sugar solubilization at low temperatures, while approximately 42 % of the xylan fraction in the biomass degraded under severe conditions (e.g., 130 °C/60 min). Catechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid were the major phenolics in DES extracts. The biogas yield of DES-treated cork dust increased with treatment severity. The highest biogas yield (115.1mL N g VS -1 ) was observed at 130 °C/60 min, representing an increase of 125 % compared to the untreated sample. SEM images revealed that the surface structure of the samples became smoother after mild pretreatment and rougher after harsh pretreatment. Compositional and FTIR analyses indicated that a higher biogas formation potential was associated with increased cellulose content in the substrate, which could be attributed to hemicellulose solubilization in the hydrolysate. Overall, DES pretreatment effectively enhanced phenol extraction and anaerobic degradability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, the effects of microwave, ultrasound and the combination of ultrasound-microwave on the extraction of phenolic compounds from cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit were investigated. The effects of ultrasound treatment time, ultrasound power, microwave power (MP) and microwave treatment time on total phenolic content were investigated. Moreover, antioxidant activities (AA), pH values, total monomeric anthocyanin contents (TMAC), polymeric colour, colour density, polymeric colour ratio, vitamin C content, and concentrations of some of the phenolic compounds of extracts were also examined. In microwave-assisted extractions, the highest TPC (71.52 ± 4.16 mg GAE/g dry matter) was obtained when the samples were extracted at 360 W MP for 15 min at a solid:solvent ratio of 5:100. For ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), the conditions that gave the highest TPC value (54.55 ± 4.11 mg GAE/g dry matter) were 30 min extraction time, 35 W power, and 5:100 solid:solvent ratio. The process conditions of ultrasound-microwave combination extraction (UMAE), resulted in the highest TPC (72.03 ± 0.90 mg GAE/g dry matter) and AA (21.28 ± 0.60 mg DPPH/g dry matter), were found as 10 min microwave treatment at 180 W and 30 min ultrasound treatment at 35 W. The highest vitamin C content (166.60 mg ascorbic acid/100 g dry matter) was obtained in UAE process. The UMAE extracts, which provided 94.4% time-saving compared to maceration, had comparable TPC, higher AA, and higher (−) epicatechine and rutin contents. The bands found in the FTIR spectrum were detected to be associated with chlorogenic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of different coating materials (maltodextrin and gum arabic), ultrasonication time (10–20–30 min), and core to coating ratio (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30) on microencapsulation of cranberrybush fruit were investigated. Freeze drying was applied for 48 h to obtain the microcapsules. The dependent variables of the research were encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, color values (L*, a*, b*, ∆E), moisture content, solubility, bulk density, storage, and baking stability. The results obtained from the study revealed that the usage of gum arabic as the coating material resulted in an increase in encapsulation efficiency, solubility, moisture content, and bulk density of the microcapsules and a decrease in average particle size. Moreover, it was found that microencapsulation enhanced the hygroscopicity, storage, and baking stability of the phenolic compounds. As a conclusion, cranberrybush fruit microcapsules can be suggested as a promising functional food additive thanks to its high phenolic content and improved storage and process stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from cornelian cherry were extracted by using maceration (ME), ultrasound extraction (UE), and ohmic heating‐assisted ultrasound extraction (OAUE) methods. ME was used as a control group. It was observed that the ultrasound was effective on the yield of TPC in extraction and the effect was increased when this method was supported with ohmic heating (OH). The maximum TPC extracted was found to be 7.52 mg GAE/g dry matter (by using OAUE) which was 13% and 37% higher compared with that of obtained by UE and ME, respectively. It was also observed that the ohmic heating application decreased the extraction time by about 34% compared with UE. Moreover, the extracts obtained by OAUE had the highest total monomeric anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant activity. Consequently, the OH application prior to extraction played an active role in both obtaining the valuable compounds and decreasing the extraction time. Practical applications: Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), which is a natural antioxidant source, contains a significant number of valuable compounds (polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, etc.). Therefore, new extraction methods were used as an alternative to conventional methods (such as maceration) to extract the valuable compounds. It was observed that novel methods such as ultrasound and ohmic heating‐assisted extraction had a positive effect to increase extraction yield and saving time. Highly efficient applications (such as ohmic heating) on the extraction of bioactive compounds from food materials open up a new horizon in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to extract bioactive compounds (phenolics and anthocyanins) from cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) using microwave (ME) and ohmic heating assisted microwave extraction (OH-ME) as an alternative to maceration (M). Total phenolic compound (TPC), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC), antioxidant activity (AA), water-soluble solid matter (WSSM), color values, and pH of the extracts were determined. The effect of extraction time, solid to solvent ratio, microwave power, electrical field strength, and holding time during ohmic heating on extraction characteristics was investigated for different methods. Ohmic heating application prior to extraction has enhanced the TPC yield by 1.1 and 5.4-folds compared to that of ME and M, respectively. Moreover, the extraction time was decreased by approximately 42 and 95% as regards ME and M, respectively. The highest TMAC value (0.65 mg cya-3-glu/g dry matter) was observed with OH-ME. The experimental data obtained by ME and OH-ME methods was fitted to the Peleg model to describe the TPC yields. These results indicate that the combined application of ohmic heating and microwave extraction is a potential alternative method for total phenolic compounds extraction from cornelian cherry due to increased yields and reduced extraction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is commonly used in recent years as an innovative approach to enhancing the quality of extracts while decreasing the extraction time and the solvent consumption in comparison to conventional techniques. In this study, the influence of microwave power, solid concentration and extraction time on total phenolic content (TPC), colour values and dielectric properties of Caucasian whortleberry were investigated. The process variables were optimized using response surface methodology. The highest TPC from Caucasian whortleberry was obtained at an extraction time of 3.5 min, a solid concentration of 15% and a microwave power of 360 W. The results showed that L* and a* values of the extracts were highly correlated with TPC by a second-order polynomial. Moreover, no significant difference was found in dielectric properties between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]