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International audience; The photodiode impact on the phase noise of an optical link, and particularly its ability to convert the laser amplitude noise into microwave phase noise, is studied and modeled. The model involves a nonlinear RC cell which describes a photogeneration delay which is a function of the optical power. The whole system is then implemented on a microwave CAD software, and the link gain and phase noise performance are computed.

Summary form only given. Heterodyning of optical modes of a diode-pumped solid-state dual-frequency laser (DFL) is an efficient way to generate optically carried microwave signals [1], that can be used for the distribution of radar local oscillator, coherent or direct detection lidar or the implementation of stable and tunable optoelectronic oscillators. However, the free-running frequency stability of a DFL might be too low for the most demanding applications. We present here the stabilization of the beatnote of an Er, Yb:glass DFL at 1.53 μm with an optical frequency locked loop (OFLL) [2,3].The oscillator is schematized Fig. 1. Used as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), the DFL generates a widely tunable microwave signal from 0 to 14 GHz by heterodyning its two orthogonally polarized optical modes. The optical beatnote is detected on two different high-speed photodiodes, the first one directly at the laser output, the second one after an optical fiber coil inducing a delay τ. These two microwave signals are mixed together; we then obtain an error signal which is injected, through a baseband filter, to the DFL frequency control input. This results in the stabilization of the beatnote frequency on a multiple of 1/ τ. 100 m Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)With a 100 m optical fiber delay line, the beatnote phase noise is improved by 60dB leading to a level of -20 dBc/Hz, at 10 Hz from the carrier (Fig. 2), a fairly good result for such a short delay. The beatnote linewidth is then reduced from few hundreds of hertz to few hertz. Since this architecture does not require an RF filter, this oscillator is tunable from 2.5 to 5.5 GHz, actually limited by the RF components of our frequency discriminator. Such an oscillator could be used in a radar, communication or electronic warfare system requiring widely tunable microwave frequency references distributed via photonic links. Moreover, it could find applications in the laser radar area, either by using the wide tunability of the emitted signal to obtain a high range resolution in a direct detection system [4], or by providing a widely tunable local oscillator in a coherent detection lidar.

We present the stabilization of the beatnote of an Er,Yb:glass Dual Frequency Laser at 1.53 μm with optical fiber delay lines. Instead of standard optoelectronics oscillators, this architecture does not need RF filter and offers a wide tunability from 2.5 to 5.5 GHz. Thank to a fine analysis of the laser RIN to phase noise conversion in the photodiodes, the expected RF-amplifiers noise limit is reached with a phase noise power spectral density of -25 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz (respectively -110 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz) from the carrier over the whole tuning range. Implementation of a double fiber coil architecture improves the oscillator spectral purity: the phase noise reaches a level of -35 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz (respectively -112 dBc/Hz respectively 10 kHz) from the carrier.

We present here a widely tunable opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) based on an Er,Yb:glass Dual Frequency Laser (DFL) at 1.53 μm. The beatnote is stabilized with an optical fiber delay line. Compared to classical optoelectronic oscillators, this architecture does not need RF filter and offers a wide tunability. We measured a reduction of 67 dB of the phase noise power spectral density (PSD) at 10 Hz of the carrier optical fiber leading to a level of -27 dBc/Hz with only 100 m optical fiber. Moreover, the scheme offers a microwave signal tunability from 2.5 to 5.5 GHz limited by the RF components.