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Errors are noted in the construction of the binary phase diagram in the paper "Physical characterization of Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal and Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal" by Alexander Edgar, Justine Yang, Manuel Chavez, Michelle Yang & Dali Yang. The authors of that paper misinterpret differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal features. All of the DSC data show features consistent with samples that are supercooled during testing. Such samples do not show solidus points and may not show liquidus points, rendering the constructed phase diagram invalid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CALPHAD framework is built on assumption that all phases have a well-defined free energy over all accessible composition, temperature and pressure conditions. Unfortunately, it is common for phases to exhibit mechanical instabilities in at least some range of conditions, thus precluding direct experimental measurements and hindering computational efforts. A pragmatic solution has often been to extrapolate free energies from stable region into the unstable regions, but extrapolations from different systems that share a common phase may not agree and extrapolated free energies can unintentionally lie below the free energy of stable phases. Computational approaches that aim to directly calculate the free energy of unstable phases offer a promising avenue to address these issues. Among them, the recently proposed “inflection detection” scheme lies on a strong theoretical footing. We provide further support for this approach by demonstrating that it yield free energies that agree very well with the widely used SGTE (Scientific Group Thermodata Europe) data for pure elements. This finding suggest that it may be possible to get the best of both worlds: obtain a theoretically justified definition of the free energy of mechanically unstable phases and preserve much of existing empirical standards for the assignments of such free energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A viscoelastic solid sheet fed from a certain height towards a rigid horizontal plane folds on itself provided that there is no slip. This phenomenon commonly occurs in the manufacturing process of textile and paper products. In this paper we apply a particle dynamics model to investigate this phenomenon. At a low feeding velocity and low viscosity, the inertial effect and the viscous dissipation within the sheet are negligible, and our model successfully reproduces the existing quasistatic results in the gravitational regime. As the feeding velocity and the viscosity of the sheet increase, the folding process changes significantly. The length of the folds decrease and the "rolling back" motion of the sheet vanishes. In the inertial regime, a scaling law between the fold length and the feeding velocity is derived by balancing the kinetic energy and the elastic bending energy involved in folding, which is verified by the simulation. It is found that above a critical feeding velocity, the folding morphology transforms from line contact into point contact with the sheet exhibiting a lemniscate-like pattern. Finally, a phase diagram for the folding morphology is constructed. The results presented in this work may offer some insights into the high-speed manufacturing of paper and fabric sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the control problem of chaotic motion of a kind of collision vibration system with gap, a chaotic motion control of collision vibration system based on RBF neural network is proposed. Firstly, the system mechanical model and chaotic motion are introduced, and then a chaotic controller based on RBFNN is designed to control and simulate the chaotic attractor. The model information of the system is not used in the control method. In this paper, the model of the system is used only to generate the input / output data of the system, and it is not used for the design of the controller. The parameters of AHGSA algorithm are set as follows: the population size is 30, the maximum number of iterations is 100, G0, a = 18, and the proportional coefficient P = 0.96. Small disturbances are applied to the controllable parameter of the system to suppress the chaotic motion of the system and make the system tend to stable periodic motion. In order to more clearly show the control effect of chaotic motion, the chaotic motion is controlled when the system iterates 400 times. The results show that the chaotic motion can be quickly controlled to periodic 1-1 motion, the phase diagram is a closed curve, and there is a peak in the spectrum diagram. Chaotic motion can be quickly controlled as periodic 2-2 motion, the phase diagram is two closed curves, and two obvious peaks appear in the spectrum diagram. The proposed method can effectively control the chaotic motion of the system, and the expected target can be not only the fixed point of period 1, but also other periodic orbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the influence of a nonlinear contact rate caused by multiple contacts in classical SIR model. In this paper, we unversal unfolding a nilpotent cusp singularity in such systems through normal form theory, we reveal that the system undergoes a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation with codimension 2. During the bifurcation process, numerous lower codimension bifurcations may emerge simultaneously, such as saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations with codimension 1. Finally, employing the Matcont and Phase Plane software, we construct bifurcation diagrams and topological phase portraits. Additionally, we emphasize the role of symmetry in our analysis. By considering the inherent symmetries in the system, we provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamical behavior. Our findings suggest that if this occurrence rate is applied to the SIR model, it would yield different dynamical phenomena compared to those obtained by reducing a 3-dimensional dynamical model to a planar system by neglecting the disease mortality rate, which results in a stable nilpotent cusp singularity with codimension 2. We found that in SIR models with the same occurrence rate, both stable and unstable Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations occur, meaning both stable and unstable limit cycles appear in this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intervention time of stability control system is determined by stability judgment, which is the basis of vehicle stability control. According to the different working conditions of the vehicle, we construct the phase plane of the vehicle's sideslip angle and sideslip angular velocity, and establish the sample dataset of the stable region of the different phase planes. To reduce the complexity of phase plane stable region division and avoid large amount of data, we established the support vector regression (SVR) model, and realized the automatic regression of dynamic stable region. The testing of the test set shows that themodel established in this paper has strong generalization ability. We designed a direct yaw-moment control (DYC) stability controller based on linear time-varying model predictive control (LTV-MPC). The influence of key factors such as centroid position and road adhesion coefficient on the stable region is analyzed through phase diagram. The effectiveness of the stability judgment and control algorithm is verified by simulation tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address the question of whether high-temperature superconductors have anything in common with BCS-BEC crossover theory. Towards this goal, we present a proposal and related predictions which provide a concrete test for the applicability of this theoretical framework. These predictions characterize the behavior of the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length, ξ 0 coh , near the transition temperature Tc, and across the entire superconducting Tc dome in the phase diagram. That we are lacking a systematic characterization of ξ 0 coh in the entire class of cuprate superconductors is perhaps surprising, as it is one of the most fundamental properties of any superconductor. This paper is written to motivate further experiments and, thus, address this shortcoming. Here we show how measurements of ξ 0 coh contain direct indications for whether or not the cuprates are associated with BCS-BEC crossover and, if so, where within the crossover spectrum a particular superconductor lies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present paper investigates the bursting dynamics and its mechanism of the general hybrid Rayleigh-van der Pol-Duffing oscillator with two external periodic excitations. The study aims to avoid or reasonably utilize the vibrations induced by self-excited system in engineering. Methods: This paper mainly uses the fast–slow analysis method. First, we analyze the stability and bifurcation structure of the equilibrium point of the system with a single external excitation. Through the bifurcation set, we discover that the system has fold bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation. The direction of the Hopf bifurcation is obtained by calculating the first Lyapunov coefficient. When two external excitations exist, by employing de Moivre's equation, the original system transforms into a new form with a single slow variable. The classical machinery of fast subsystem analysis is used to investigate the bursting oscillations. Besides, the transformed phase diagrams are used to reveal the bifurcation mechanism. Results: Two bursting oscillations, namely symmetric fold/supHopf bursting and symmetric fold/fold bursting, are observed in the system with one periodic excitation. With two external excitations, the "turnover-of-fold-hystersis-induced" bursting, "symmetric periodic 2-fold" bursting, "symmetric periodic 6-fold" bursting, "symmetric periodic 10-fold" bursting and "symmetric periodic 14-fold" bursting are found and analyzed in detail. At the same time, the results show that with the increase of amplitudes of the external excitations, qualitative changes occur. Conclusions: With the addition of the second periodic excitation, the original bursting patterns induced by a single periodic excitation change completely. The phenomena will impact the vibration in the actual engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex dynamical behaviors such as bifurcation and chaos exist in H-bridge inverter with RLC load, and these nonlinear behaviors will greatly increase the harmonic content of the output current and reduce the stability and reliability of the system. In this paper, a PI controller is added to widen the stable operation domain of the system. The stroboscopic mapping theory is used to model the system, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the inverter is investigated by the bifurcation diagram, the folding diagram and the phase trajectory diagram are used for comparative verification, and the TDFC method is introduced to inhibit the chaotic behavior of the inverter, which further improves the stable range of the system operation. The fast-change stability theorem is used to analyze the stability of the system theoretically and verify the correctness of the numerical simulation. Therefore, the conclusions of the study provide a reliable theoretical basis for the design of the inverter system, which has important theoretical significance and practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use tensor-network methods and high-order linked-cluster expansions to explore the quantum phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic Kitaev honeycomb model in a magnetic field for general spin S values. Tensor network calculations for the pure Kitaev model confirm the absence of fluxes and spin-spin correlations beyond nearest neighbors, while revealing discrete orientational symmetry breaking for S ∈ 1, 3/2, 2, consistent with the semiclassical limit. An intermediate region between Kitaev phases and the high-field polarized phase is identified for all considered spin values, showing a sequence of potential phases characterized by distinct local magnetization patterns while the total magnetization increases smoothly as a function of the field. Linked-cluster expansions for the high-field zero-momentum gap and spectral weight indicate a quantum critical breakdown of the polarized phase, suggesting exotic physics at intermediate Kitaev couplings. The antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 Kitaev model is known to have an intermediate phase under a magnetic field before transitioning to a fully polarized state. However, the nature of this phase for higher spins remained unclear. This paper explores the quantum phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic Kitaev honeycomb model in a magnetic field using tensor-network methods and high-order linked cluster expansions, uncovering an intermediate phase with distinct local magnetization patterns across different spin values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in fields such as natural language understanding, generation, complex reasoning, and biomedicine. With advancements in materials science, traditional manual annotation methods for phase diagrams have become inadequate due to their time-consuming nature and limitations in updating thermodynamic databases. To overcome these challenges, we propose a framework based on instruction tuning, utilizing LLMs for automated end-to-end annotation of phase diagrams. High-quality phase diagram images and expert descriptions are collected from handbooks and then preprocessed to correct errors, remove redundancies, and enhance information. These preprocessed data form a golden dataset, from which a subset are used to train LLMs through hierarchical sampling. The fine-tuned LLM is then tested for automated phase diagram annotation. Results show that the fine-tuned model achieves a cosine similarity of 0.8737, improving phase diagram comprehension accuracy by 7% compared to untuned LLMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to propose using LLMs for the automated annotation of phase diagrams, replacing traditional manual annotation methods and significantly enhancing efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a green and safe amino acid surfactant, sodium lauryl glutamate (SLG) has been favored by researchers. However, SLG has low solubility and its single system is not conducive to its application. Zwitterionic surfactants can increase its solubility by forming mixed micelles and possibly new phase states. In this paper, SLG was combined with lauramide propyl hydroxysulfobetaine (LHSB), and its different states were characterized. The type of phase states were determined and the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were drawn. It was found that when the concentration of SLG was low and the proportion of SLG was not high, there were a large number of globular micelles in the solution, and rod-like micelles would appear as the concentration increased. As the concentration further increased, the SLG/LHSB system exhibited the characteristic of worm like micelles. With the further increase of concentration, the liquid crystal structures of hexagonal and layered phases were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents robust input shaping commands with first-order actuators utilizing a classical robust input shaper for practical applications in input shaping technology. An ideal input shaping command can deviate due to actuator dynamics so that the modified command has a detrimental effect on the performance of oscillation reduction in feedforward control applications. A zero-vibration-derivative (ZVDF) shaper with first-order actuators is analytically proposed using a phasor–vector approach, an exponential function for the approximation of the dynamic response of first-order actuators and the usage of the ZVD shaper. In addition, an equivalent transformation is utilized based on the superposition principle for the convenient inclusion of first-order actuator dynamics and is applied to the individual segment input command. The residual deflection and robustness of the proposed robust input shaping commands are numerically evaluated and compared with those of a conventional ZVD shaper with respect to the parameter uncertainties of flexible systems and actuators. The robust input shaping commands that are possible with first-order actuators are experimentally validated, presenting a better robustness and residual deflection reduction performance than the classical ZVD shaper on a mini bridge crane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper by Lee et al. describes the experiments on the unzipping of λ DNA sequences as a function of force and temperature. This comment aims to stress that the unzipping takes place out of equilibrium due to high sequence-dependent free-energy barriers. The force at which a heterogeneous sequence is unzipped therefore depends on the experimental waiting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain the phase diagram of the hard core lattice gas with third nearest neighbor exclusion on the triangular lattice using Monte Carlo simulations that are based on a rejection-free flat histogram algorithm. In a recent paper [Darjani et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 104702 (2019)], it was claimed that the lattice gas with third nearest neighbor exclusion undergoes two phase transitions with increasing density with the phase at intermediate densities exhibiting hexatic order with continuously varying exponents. Although a hexatic phase is expected when the exclusion range is large, it has not been seen earlier in hard core lattice gases with short range exclusion. In this paper, by numerically determining the entropies for all densities, we show that there is only a single phase transition in the system between a low-density fluid phase and a high density ordered sublattice phase and that a hexatic phase is absent. The transition is shown to be first order in nature, and the critical parameters are determined accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our previous paper (Aref'eva et al. in JHEP 07:161, 2021, arXiv:2011.07023 [hep-th]) we have constructed a twice anisotropic five-dimensional holographic model supported by Einstein-dilaton-three-Maxwell action that reproduced some essential features of the "heavy quarks" model. However, that model did not describe the magnetic catalysis (MC) phenomena expected from lattice results for the QGP made up from heavy quarks. In this paper we fill this gap and construct the model that improves the previous one. It keeps typical properties of the heavy quarks phase diagram, and meanwhile possesses the MC. The deformation of previous model includes the modification of the "heavy quarks" warp factor and the coupling function for the Maxwell field providing the non-trivial chemical potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Data of I.A. dos Santos are in good agreement with the published date of P.P. Fedorov. [•] However, LuF3 sample used in this work was not pure. [•] Congruent-melting LiLuF4 compound is formed in the LiF–LuF3 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing of metal alloys in semi-solid state is a way of producing many near net-shape parts and nowadays is commercially successful. Particular behaviour of alloys in the partially liquid state, having non-dendritic microstructure, is a base for thixoforming processing. Processing materials in the semi-solid state concerns alloys with relatively wide solidification range. Thermodynamic modelling can be used as a one of a potential tools that allow to identify alloys with proper temperature range. It means that the key feature of alloys suitable for thixoforming is a widely enough melting range, allowing for precise control of material temperature. The data gathered from thermodynamics calculations can also pay off in the industrial thixoforming processes design. The goal of this paper is to identify copper alloys which can be successfully shaped in the semi-solid state. Apart to thermodynamic calculations, the observations on high temperature microscope was carried out. During experiments the solidus, liquidus and also deformation temperatures can be determined. An experimental work allows confirming results obtained within the confines of thermodynamic calculations and firstly to determine the deformation temperatures which are the optimal for shaping processes. The basic achievement of this work is an identification of copper alloy groups possible for shaping in the semi-solid state. At the first part of the paper, the basic criteria of suitable alloys were described. Next, both the solid fraction curves for copper alloys with different alloying elements using ProCAST software and the phase diagrams were determined to identify the solidification temperature ranges of these alloys. In the second part of these paper, the identification of the deformation temperatures was carried out with use of high temperature microscope observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern industries, pipelines play a crucial role, both as an essential element in energy transportation (water, gas and electricity) and also in the distribution of these resources. The large size of piping infrastructures, their age and unpredictable external factors are the main difficulties in monitoring the piping system. In this context, the detection and the localization of leaks are challenging but essential, as leaks lead to substantial economic losses. Current methods have many limitations, involving invasive procedures, working only with short pipes or requiring a system shutdown. This paper presents a non-intrusive method based on acoustic signal processing. Leak detection is performed using matched filters, while localization is performed based on the phase diagram representation method and diagram-based entropy computation. Our continuous monitoring system was used for two months and a full comparison with the video inspection-based technique was conducted. The results indicate that this method has a high accuracy, regardless of the length of the pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the strong reducibility and chemical activity of rare earths, the diffusion behavior and secondary oxidation of rare earths in the steel liquid will also have a significant impact on the modified products when rare earths are added to bearing steel, resulting in poor control of distribution behavior. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of time factors on the evolution of rare earth inclusions. The inclusion evolution behavior at different times when the bearing steel was treated with rare earths and subjected to secondary oxidation was simulated at 1873 K (1600 °C). At a cerium content of 0.012% in steel and a secondary oxidation of 0.0025%, the cerium content in steel and the total oxygen (T.O.) content in steel were determined at the 30 s, 3 min, 5 min, and 7 min after the addition and the inclusions were characterized by automatic scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated the formation of a cerium-enriched zone after the addition of the cerium alloy to the steel. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the cerium-enriched zone, which subsequently disappeared. The trend in the composition of the inclusions can be described as Al2O3 → Ce2O2S + CeS → Ce2O2S. The final composition of the inclusions matches the thermodynamic phase diagram. Following the addition of the transient oxidant Fe2O3 to the molten steel, an oxygen-enriched zone was formed. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the oxygen-enriched zone and subsequently disappeared. The trend of inclusions composition was as follows: Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 + Al2O3 → Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 → Ce2O2S + CeAlO3. The final inclusion composition coincides with the thermodynamic phase diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a self-designed and enhanced thermovoltage measuring device was built to capture thermovoltage curves of 45 steel during continuous cooling. The phase zones of the thermovoltage curve were interpreted based on the Engel–Brewer electron theory and Fe-Fe3C phase diagram. The results show that the curve was stratified into three homogeneous phase zones and two-phase transition zones as follows: Zone Ι: single-phase austenite (A) zone; Zone III: austenite and ferrite (A+F) homogeneous phase zone; Zone V: ferrite and pearlite (P+F) homogeneous phase zone; Zone II: austenite to ferrite (A-F) phase transition zone; and Zone IV: austenite to pearlite (A-P) phase transition zone. Notably, the deflection point marked the transition temperature, which indicates that the thermovoltage curve can quantitatively characterize phase formation and transformation, as well as the phase transformation process. Furthermore, the sample was quenched at the measured ferrite phase transition temperature. Microstructure observations, electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and microhardness measurements corroborated our findings. Specifically, our experiments reveal ferrite precipitation first from the cold end at the phase transition temperature, leading to increased carbon content in adjacent austenite. The results of this study achieved the in situ characterization of bulk transformations during the materials heat treatment process, which expands the author's research work conducted previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two methods for topological analysis of the complex Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model using the quantum geometric tensor: Berry phase and topological data analysis. We demonstrate how both methods can effectively generate topological phase diagrams for the model, revealing two distinct regions based on the relative magnitudes of the parameters | v | and | w | . Specifically, when | v | > | w | , the system is found to be topologically trivial, whereas for | v | < | w | , it exhibits topologically non-trivial behavior. Our results contribute to building the groundwork for topological analysis of more complicated SSH-type models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continuous neural modeling, memristor coupling has been investigated widely. Yet, there is little research on discrete neural networks in the field. Discrete models with synaptic crosstalk are even less common. In this paper, two locally active discrete memristors are used to couple two discrete Aihara neurons to form a map called DMCAN. Then, the synapse is modeled using a discrete memristor and the DMCAN map with crosstalk is constructed. The DMCAN map is investigated using phase diagram, chaotic sequence, Lyapunov exponent spectrum (LEs) and bifurcation diagrams (BD). Its rich and complex dynamical behavior, which includes attractor coexistence, state transfer, Feigenbaum trees, and complexity, is systematically analyzed. In addition, the DMCAN map is implemented in hardware on a DSP platform. Numerical simulations are further validated for correctness. Numerical and experimental findings show that the synaptic connections of neurons can be modeled by discrete memristor coupling which leads to the construction of more complicated discrete neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their high flexibility, low damping, and small mass, stay cables are prone to large-amplitude vibrations. Various mechanical measures, typically installed near the cable anchorage to the deck, have been developed to suppress cable vibration. These dampers, however, may not be effective for ultralong cables since the damper is close to the cable anchorage, the cable node. In this paper, a tuned mass damper (TMD)/nonlinear energy sink (NES) are considered for installation between two adjacent stay cables for vibration mitigation. Firstly, the static equilibrium equation of the stay cable–damper system is established, and the influence of the self-weight of the damper on cable shape is investigated. The governing equations describing the motion of the two adjacent cables with a damper are then established using the Hamilton principle, which are then solved by the method of separation of variables. For cases of swept-sine excitation and harmonic excitation, the optimal designs of TMD and NES are achieved with the purpose of suppressing the first- and third-mode-dominated vibrations, respectively. Both optimal TMD and NES may substantially suppress cable vibrations, with each having advantages under certain situations. Finally, the dynamic response characteristics of two adjacent cables with an optimal damper are analyzed. Interesting dynamic behaviors, such as energy input suppression, phase shift, cable frequency shift, and phase diagram boundary rotation, are identified, and their mechanisms are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology has experienced rapid development in recent years. As both equipment and materials progress towards increased maturity and commercialization, material metallurgy technology based on high energy sources has become a key factor influencing the future development of MAM. The calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) is an essential method and tool for constructing multi-component phase diagrams by employing experimental phase diagrams and Gibbs free energy models of simple systems. By combining with the element mobility data and non-equilibrium phase transition model, it has been widely used in the analysis of traditional metal materials. The development of CALPHAD application technology for MAM is focused on the compositional design of printable materials, the reduction of metallurgical imperfections, and the control of microstructural attributes. This endeavor carries considerable theoretical and practical significance. This paper summarizes the important achievements of CALPHAD in additive manufacturing (AM) technology in recent years, including material design, process parameter optimization, microstructure evolution simulation, and properties prediction. Finally, the limitations of applying CALPHAD technology to MAM technology are discussed, along with prospective research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, quantitative two-dimensional (2-D) phase-field simulations were performed to gain insight into the effects of B and Nb for Al-Ti-Nb balanced-ratio GH4742 alloys. The microstructure evolution during the precipitation process was simulated using the MICRESS (MICRostructure Evolution Simulation Software) package developed in the formalism of the multi-phase field model. The coupling to CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic databases was realized via the TQ interface. The morphological evolution, concentration distribution, and thermodynamic properties were extensively analyzed. It is indicated that a higher Nb content contributes to a faster precipitation rate and higher amounts and the smaller precipitate size of the γ′ phase, contributing to better mechanical properties. The segregation of the W element in γ′ precipitate due to its sluggish diffusion effect has also been observed. Higher temperatures and lower B contents accelerate the dissolution of boride and reduce the precipitation of borides. With the increased addition of B, the formation of borides may have a pinning effect on the grain boundary to hinder the kinetic process. In addition, borides are prone to precipitate around the interface rather than in the bulk phase. Once the M3B2 borides nucleate, they grow in the consumption of γ′ phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiplayer games on graphs are at the heart of theoretical descriptions of key evolutionary processes that govern vital social and natural systems. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework for solving multiplayer games with an arbitrary number of strategies on graphs is still missing. Here, we solve this by drawing an analogy with the Balls-and-Boxes problem, based on which we show that the local configuration of multiplayer games on graphs is equivalent to distributing k identical co-players among n distinct strategies. We use this to derive the replicator equation for any n-strategy multiplayer game under weak selection, which can be solved in polynomial time. As an example, we revisit the second-order free-riding problem, where costly punishment cannot truly resolve social dilemmas in a well-mixed population. Yet, in structured populations, we derive an accurate threshold for the punishment strength, beyond which punishment can either lead to the extinction of defection or transform the system into a rock-paper-scissors-like cycle. The analytical solution also qualitatively agrees with the phase diagrams that were previously obtained for non-marginal selection strengths. Our framework thus allows an exploration of any multi-strategy multiplayer game on regular graphs. Evolutionary multiplayer games in structured populations illustrate a variety of phenomena in natural and social systems. This research provides a mathematical framework to analyze multiplayer games with an arbitrary number of strategies on regular graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The advantage of a generalized electric spring (G‐ES) is that it solves the redundancy problem of a conventional electric spring (ES) in the face of critical load clusters. This paper first introduces Hamilton's principle into the G‐ES, derives the mathematical model of the G‐ES, and further introduces the topology of the G‐ES. Next, the working modes and working states of the G‐ES are defined. The working modes are used to reflect the combination of ES power inside the G‐ES, and the power conditions in specific working modes are described using a phase diagram. Then, the paper analyses the power case of the G‐ES to the external system, giving the respective working states according to their internal working modes. Finally, this paper introduces PQ control to the control strategy of the G‐ES and achieves control of the G‐ES working mode and its working state. The results of the study show that there are 100 working modes of the G‐ES, and 76 working modes have a specific working state. The correctness of the working mode and working state analysis is verified with the help of the MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for generating interferometric phase diagrams, which includes interferometric image registration based on Dot Trace Texture Information (DTTI) and interferometric phase filtering based on semantic segmentation. First, the InSAR images are sharpened according to the different backscattering characteristics of various pixel values, and DTTI is extracted to generate the Dot Trace Texture Map (DTTM). Second, SIFT feature points are extracted from two InSAR coherent complex images. They are then screened by comparison with DTTI. These selected points are used to calculate the registration relationship, ensuring precise registration of the two images. Third, the interferometric phase diagram is segmented by semantics based on correlation coefficients. For high-quality interferometric phase regions, we use two-dimensional frequency domain rotational symmetric Gaussian Laplace and wavelet domain filters successively. For lowquality regions, we use an average filter to smooth out noise. The superiority of the proposed algorithm was verified through comparative experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas gun shock experiments on cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)-based explosive compositions that employ embedded gauge particle velocity tracers have noted a significant amount of electrical noise when compared to other explosive formulations. This paper reexamines previously published embedded gauge data on Cyclotols (60–80 wt. % RDX) to quantify the electromagnetic behavior of these materials. The primary observation is a fourfold increase in the electrical noise when Cyclotols are shocked above 4.22 ± 0.08 GPa. Electromagnetic gauge noise is also observed within particle velocity traces in reactive growth and off-Hugoniot shocks, although at higher pressures than the direct shock case, suggesting a temperature- or kinetically dependent transition. In all cases, the electrical noise disappears upon detonation. By comparing with the static high-pressure phase diagram of RDX, we interpret this change in electromagnetic behavior to be a change in the RDX crystal structure to a piezoelectric phase, although it is uncertain whether the γ or ε phase is responsible for the observed behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a response to two comments on the article "Comparison of the Measured Phase Diagrams in the Force-Temperature Plane for the Unzipping of Two Different Natural DNA Sequences," published in a previous issue of "European Physical Journal E." Effect of a measured critical force at 37 degree Celsius on the elastic properties of the single-stranded DNA; Reason behind the gradual change in the extension curve of the single-stranded DNA as temperature rises; Factors which allow ssDNA to be more extended at a given force.

Lyotropic liquid crystal phases (LCPs) are widely studied for diverse applications, including protein crystallization and drug delivery. The structure and properties of LCPs vary widely depending on the composition, concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure. High-throughput structural characterization approaches, such as small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), are important to cover meaningfully large compositional spaces. However, high-throughput LCP phase analysis for SAXS data is currently lacking, particularly for patterns of multiphase mixtures. In this paper, we develop semi-automated software for high throughput LCP phase identification from SAXS data. We validate the accuracy and time-savings of this software on a total of 668 SAXS patterns for the LCPs of the amphiphile hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in 53 acidic or basic ionic liquid derived solvents, within a temperature range of 25–75 °C. The solvents were derived from stoichiometric ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) or ethanolammonium nitrate (EtAN) by adding water to vary the ionicity, and adding precursor ions of ethylamine, ethanolamine, and nitric acid to vary the pH. The thermal stability ranges and lattice parameters for CTAB-based LCPs obtained from the semi-automated analysis showed equivalent accuracy to manual analysis, the results of which were previously published. A time comparison of 40 CTAB systems demonstrated that the automated phase identification procedure was more than 20 times faster than manual analysis. Moreover, the high throughput identification procedure was also applied to 300 unpublished scattering patterns of sodium dodecyl-sulfate in the same EAN and EtAN based solvents in this study, to construct phase diagrams that exhibit phase transitions from micellar, to hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar LCPs. The accuracy and significantly low analysis time of the high throughput identification procedure validates a new, rapid, unrestricted analytical method for the determination of LCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1994, the Ukrainian Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamics Commission has been a part of the Alloy Phase Diagram International Commission (APDIC), in which 18 representatives from 26 countries of the world participate in its activities. The exchange of scientific information and coordination of activities of the international scientific community, mainly in the field of phase diagrams and thermodynamics, promoting the application of phase diagrams in industry and fundamental science, and dissemination of the methodology of critical evaluation of scientific information in world science are among the priority tasks of the APDIC's activity. As part of the annual report of the Ukrainian Commission, at the APDIC meeting on June 30, 2023, information was presented on the results of the activities of Ukrainian scientists in this field in 2022. It is presented in the form of a table with data on the studied systems and obtained results and a list of references to published papers. Scientists from the Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv), Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv), and Donbas State Engineering Academy (Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kramatorsk) provided relevant information to the Ukrainian Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]