9 results on '"Klimm, Detlef"'
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2. Growth of Olivine and Wüstite Crystals
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Ganschow, Steffen, Klimm, Detlef, Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki, editor, Hasegawa, Masayuki, editor, Inoue, Akihisa, editor, Kobayashi, Norio, editor, Sakurai, Toshio, editor, Wille, Luc, editor, Fukuda, Tsuguo, editor, and Chani, Valery I., editor
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- 2007
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3. Phase diagram studies for the growth of (Mg,Zr):SrGa12O19 crystals.
- Author
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Klimm, Detlef, Szczefanowicz, Bartosz, Wolff, Nora, and Bickermann, Matthias
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PHASE diagrams , *DIFFERENTIAL thermal analysis , *MELTING points , *CRYSTALS - Abstract
By differential thermal analysis, a concentration field suitable for the growth of Zr, Mg co-doped strontium hexagallate crystals was observed that corresponds well with known experimental results. It was shown that the melting point of doped crystal is ca. 60 K higher than that of undoped crystals. This higher melting points indicate hexagallate phase stabilization by Zr, Mg co-doping and increase the growth window of (Mg,Zr):SrGa12O19, compared to undoped SrGa12O19 that grows from SrO–Ga2O3 melts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Phase diagram studies for the growth of (Mg,Zr):SrGa$_{12}$O$_{19}$ crystals
- Author
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Klimm, Detlef, Szczefanowicz, Bartosz, Wolff, Nora, and Bickermann, Matthias
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Hexaferrite structure ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Metastability ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Crystal growth ,Thermal analysis ,Phase diagram - Abstract
By differential thermal analysis a concentration field suitable for the growth of Zr, Mg codoped strontium hexagallate crystals was observed that corresponds well with experimental results from Mateika and Laurien, J. Crystal Growth 52 (1981) 566-572. It was shown that the melting point of doped crystal is ca. 60 K higher than that of undoped crystals. This higher melting points indicates hexagallate phase stabilization by Zr, Mg codoping, and increases the growth window, compared to undoped SrO-Ga$_2$O$_3$ melts., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 31 references
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- 2020
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5. On Thermodynamic Aspects of Oxide Crystal Growth.
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Klimm, Detlef and Wolff, Nora
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CRYSTAL growth ,TRANSITION metal oxides ,METALLIC oxides ,METAL compounds ,OXIDES - Abstract
Several metal oxide compounds, especially those containing metals possessing several valence states, are able to absorb or release oxygen under suitable thermodynamic conditions. Such behavior is found often in systems containing oxides of transition metals. It is important to note that the equilibrium oxidation level of those metal oxides can depend on the aggregation state, which may significantly impede crystal growth processes from the melt. If during the melt growth of such oxide crystals, the average valence state of the oxides is different in the molten and solid state, then crystallization is connected with the absorption of free oxygen from the ambient gas, or with the release of free oxygen into it. This phenomenon can be detected by simultaneous DTA/TG measurements and can deteriorate the stability of crystal growth. This holds especially if the average valence in the solid is smaller than in the melt, because oxygen release can lead to bubble formation at the crystallization front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Thermodynamic investigations on the growth of CuAlO2 delafossite crystals.
- Author
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Wolff, Nora, Klimm, Detlef, and Siche, Dietmar
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ALUMINUM oxide , *COPPER alloys , *THERMAL properties of metals , *METAL crystal growth , *PARTIAL pressure - Abstract
Simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements with copper oxide/aluminum oxide mixtures were performed in atmospheres with varying oxygen partial pressures and with crucibles made of different materials. Only sapphire and platinum crucibles proved to be stable under conditions that are useful for the growth of CuAlO 2 delafossite single crystals. Then the ternary phase diagram Al 2 O 3 –CuO–Cu and its isopleth section Cu 2 O–Al 2 O 3 were redetermined. Millimeter sized crystals could be obtained from copper oxide melts with 1–2 mol% addition of aluminum oxide that are stable in platinum crucibles held in oxidizing atmosphere containing 15–21% oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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7. Determination of the phase diagram Tb2O3–SiO2 and crystal growth of the rare earth pyrosilicate Tb2Si2O7 by the optical floating-zone (OFZ) technique.
- Author
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Wolff, Nora and Klimm, Detlef
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CRYSTAL growth , *PHASE diagrams , *RARE earth metals , *SPECIFIC heat capacity , *LATENT heat of fusion , *TERBIUM - Abstract
By differential thermal analysis (DTA) is was shown that the pseudo-binary system Tb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 contains intermediate compounds Tb 2 SiO 5 , Tb 4 Si 3 O 12 and Tb 2 Si 2 O 7. All three compounds melt congruently, a phase diagram was proposed, and from the latter compound single crystals could be grown for the first time. This was possible from stoichiometric feed rods by the optical floating-zone (OFZ) technique. X-ray powder analysis proved the Pna 2 1 phase of the crystals. Melting temperature and heat of fusion were measured by DTA to be 1769◦C and ≈ 150 kJ/mol, respectively. The specific heat capacity of Tb 2 Si 2 O 7 was measured by dynamic DSC to be c p = 149.4982 + 0.2242 ⋅ T − 7.3913 × 10−5 ⋅ T 2 + 558449.3624 ⋅ T −2. [Display omitted] • Tb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 phase diagram contains three phases – all melt congruently. • Tb 2 Si 2 O 7 single crystal (space group Pna 2 1) grown for the first time. • basic thermal characterization (c p , heat of and temperature of fusion) performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Thermodynamic Investigation of Ternary Delafossite Crystals.
- Author
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Wolff, Nora, Klimm, Detlef, Ganschow, Steffen, and Siche, Dietmar
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TERNARY phase diagrams , *IRON oxides , *P-type semiconductors , *FERRIC oxide , *SINGLE crystals , *CRYSTALS - Abstract
The ternary phase diagram of copper–iron–aluminium delafossite is established with FactSage calculations to improve the conditions for solution growth and the electrical conductivity of the transparent p‐type semiconductor copper–aluminium delafossite by addition of iron oxide. Initial growth experiments with the optical float zone method show that the growth of single crystals with commercially relevant dimensions is not expected in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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9. Untersuchungen zur Züchtung von CuAlO2-Einkristallen
- Author
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Wolff, Nora, Technische Universität Berlin, Bickermann, Matthias, Klimm, Detlef, and Lerch, Martin
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540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften ,Kristallzüchtung ,Phasendiagramm ,ddc:540 ,crystal growth ,Oxide ,thermodynamic assessment ,Thermodynamik ,Delafossit ,phase diagram - Abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand während meiner Tätigkeit als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung in Berlin. Das Ziel der Arbeit war Bedingungen zu definieren, unter denen CuAlO2-Einkristalle aus dem Eigenfluss gezüchtet werden können. Zusätzlich wurden Untersuchungen zum Mischkristallsystem CuAlO2-CuFeO2 gemacht. Mithilfe thermodynamischer Messungen (DTA-TG) und Modellierungen mittels FactSage konnte das ternäre System Al2O3-Cu-CuO sowie das pseudobinäre System Cu2O-Al2O3 neu kalkuliert werden. Außerdem wurde erstmals das ternäre System Cu2O-Fe2O3-Al2O3 und das Mischkristallsystem CuAlO2-CuFeO2 berechnet. Für die Erstellung der Phasendiagramme wurden im Programm FactSage eigene Datenbanken angelegt, in denen vorhandene Daten an gewonnene Messdaten angeglichen und nicht existierende Phasen erstellt werden konnten. Der Züchtungsbereich des CuAlO2-Delafossits konnte zwischen etwa 1-2mol% Al2O3 in Cu2O eingegrenzt werden. Anhand der Ergebnisse aus den DTA-TG-Messungen konnten außerdem Aussagen zu einer geeigneten Züchtungsatmosphäre getroffen werden. Es zeigte sich, dass kupferoxidreiche Schmelzen in Platintiegeln stabil gehalten werden können, wenn in der Atmosphäre 15-21% Sauerstoff vorhanden ist. Bei niedrigeren Sauerstoffpartialdrücken wird zu viel elementares Kupfer gebildet und der Tiegel wird aufgrund einer Kupfer-Platin-Legierung angegriffen. Höhere Sauerstoffpartialdrücke führen zu einer Kristallisation des Spinelltyps CuAl2O4 anstelle von CuAlO2. Im Falle einer (CuAlxFe1-x)1-yO2+y-Mischkristallzüchtung müssen bei der Wahl der Atmopshäre neben den Oxidationszuständen des Kupferoxids (Cu2O und CuO) ebenfalls die des Eisenoxids (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) beachtet werden. An Luft ist hier die Spinellphase anstelle der Delafossitphase stabil, daher sollten reduzierendere Bedingungen als bei der reinen CuAlO2-Züchtung verwendet werden. Vorteilhaft bei der Mischkristallzüchtung ist, dass sich zum einen der Züchtungsbereich vergrößert und zum anderen der Schmelzpunkt der Delafossitphase herabgesetzt wird. Für die Züchtung der Materialien kamen verschiedene Kristallzüchtungsmethoden zum Einsatz. Die Züchtung in Tiegeln erfolgte mit (Czochralski/Top Seeded Solution Growth-Methode) und ohne Keimvorgabe (Spontane Kristallisation durch Abkühlen der Schmelzlösung im Muffelofen). Als tiegelfreie Alternative wurde eine Optical Floating Zone-Anlage gewählt. Die bisher größten CuAlO2-Einkristalle konnten in dieser Arbeit gezüchtet werden. Ausschlaggebend dafür war, dass die Züchtung unter den in dieser Arbeit optimierten Bedingungen erfolgte. Die plättchenförmigen Kristalle haben eine Größe von 5mm in [100] bzw. [010] und wurden durch spontane Kristallisation in einem Platintiegel an Luft gezüchtet. Die Züchtung mittels Keimvorgabe nach Czochralski/TSSG und auch die OFZ-Züchtung gestaltet sich aufgrund des kleinen CuAlO2-Züchtungsfensters als schwierig. In diesen Experimenten konnten keine größeren Kristalle erzielt werden. Die (CuAlxFe1-x)1-yO2+y-Mischkristallzüchtung in der OFZ-Anlage scheint aufgrund vereinfachter Züchtungsbedingungen (breiteres Züchtungsfenster bei niedrigerer Temperatur) vielversprechender zu sein., This thesis summarizes the results of my work as a PhD student at the Leibniz institute for crystal growth. The aim was to define conditions under which CuAlO2 single crystals can be grown from self-flux. In addition, investigations were carried out on the mixed crystal system CuAlO2-CuFeO2. Using thermodynamic measurements (DTA-TG), the ternary phase diagram Al2O3-Cu-CuO and its isopleth section Cu2O-Al2O3 were redeterminded. Besides the ternary system Cu2O-Fe2O3-Al2O3 and the mixed crystal system CuAlO2-CuFeO2 were calculated for the first time. The phase diagram calculations were done with the program FactSage in which own databases were created and the existing data was adapted to measurement data. The measurements revealed that solution growth should be carried out with 1-2 mol% Al2O3 in Cu2O. Moreover it could be shown that the copper oxide rich melts can be held stable in platinum crucibles that contain a sufficient oxygen concentration. 15-21% are the optimum compromise between the formation of too much metallic copper at lower oxygen partial pressures (from which the crucible will be destroyed because of Cu-Pt-alloy formation) and the crystallization of the spinel CuAl2O4 instead of CuAlO2 at higher oxygen partial pressures. In case of the (CuAlxFe1-x)1-yO2+y crystal growth, in addition to the oxidation states of the copper oxide (Cu2O und CuO), those of the iron oxide (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) must also be considered. In air, the spinel phase is stable instead of the delafossite phase. Therefore more reducing conditions should be used than for pure CuAlO2 crystal growth. The advantage for the mixed crystal growth is that on the one hand the growth area is enlarged and on the other hand the melting point of the delafossite phase is lowered. For the crystal growth different growth methods were used. The growth in platinum crucibles was carried out with the top seeded solution growth method, with the czochralski method and with spontaneous crystallization during cooling. As an alternative and crucible-free method the optical floating zone technique was used. Millimeter sized crystals (5mm in [100]/[010]) were grown in Pt-crucibles in air as a result of spontaneous crystallization. The growth using Czochralski/TSSG or OFZ is difficult because of the small CuAlO2 growth window. Due to the lower melting point and enlarged growth area, (CuAlxFe1-x)1-yO2+y crystal growth is more promising.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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