39 results on '"Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim"'
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2. In vivo and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Ethanol Stem Bark Extracts of Vitex doniana on Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Stress in Rats
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Ahmed Ibrahim Hayatu, Mohammed A. Sulaiman, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Daniel Dahiru
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Ethanol ,Antioxidant ,Aqueous solution ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vitex doniana ,General Medicine ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,In vitro ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,medicine ,Doxorubicin ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophy, aging and other associated diseases. Vitex doniana is used in Adamawa, northern Nigeria to treat oxidative stress associated diseases. However, the antioxidative effects of the plant have not been scientifically examined in oxidative stress experimental animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Vitex doniana in oxidative stress model of rats. Methods: The study used 35 adult albino rats weighing 175 ± 25 g, of which 30 were induced with oxidative stress by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. Animals were treated by oral administration of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Vitex doniana aqueous or ethanol extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days before they were sacrificed on the 15th day and blood was analyzed for biochemical indices of oxidative stress. Results: The results of the phytochemistry showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides: and total flavonoids (52.70 ± 1.60 mg/ml and 75.40 ± 0.80 mg/ml), total phenols (21.45 ± 1.54 mg/ml and 26.50 ± 1.22 mg/ml) for aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH radical, reduced Fe3+ and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Doxorubicin significantly (p
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- 2021
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3. Potential of diterpenes as antidiabetic agents: Evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies
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Aminu Mohammed, Nasir Tajuddeen, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Murtala Bindawa Isah, Abubakar Babando Aliyu, and Md. Shahidul Islam
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Pharmacology ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,Diterpenes ,Diterpenes, Kaurane - Abstract
Diterpenes are a diverse group of structurally complex natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antidiabetic potential. In the last 25 years, numerous diterpenes have been investigated for antidiabetic activity, with some of them reaching the stage of clinical trials. However, these studies have not been comprehensively reviewed in any previous publication. Herein, we critically discussed the literature on the potential of diterpenes as antidiabetic agents, published from 1995 to September, 2021. In the period under review, 427 diterpenes were reported to have varying degrees of antidiabetic activity. Steviol glycosides, stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2), were the most investigated diterpenes with promising antidiabetic property using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human subjects. All the tested pimaranes consistently showed good activity in preclinical evaluations against diabetes. Inhibitions of α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) activities and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ) agonistic property, were the most frequently used models for studying the antidiabetic activity of diterpenes. The molecular mechanisms of action of the diterpenes include increased GLUT4 translocation, and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent signaling pathways. This review revealed that diterpenes hold promising antidiabetic potential while stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2) are the only diterpenes that were advanced to the clinical trial stage of the drug discovery pipeline. Diterpenes belonging to the abietane, labdane, pimarane and kaurane classes have shown promising activity in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes and should be further investigated.
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- 2022
4. Antioxidant properties and inhibition of lipid formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes of in vitro digested mageu, a commercial sample
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Kabuzi R Mbuyama, Martin Adarkwah-Yiadom, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Megan Jean Bester, June C. Serem, Kwaku G. Duodu, Anabella R.M. Gaspar, and Haleema Nathu
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Pharmacology ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Context (language use) ,Cell Biology ,Phenolic acid ,Lipids ,Antioxidants ,Ferulic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid ,chemistry ,Functional food ,Polyphenol ,3T3-L1 Cells ,medicine ,Caffeic acid ,Adipocytes ,Animals ,Humans ,Food science ,Caco-2 Cells ,Food Science - Abstract
Mageu is a fermented, non-alcoholic maize-derived product unique to southern Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the health benefits of a polyphenolic extract of commercially produced mageu related to the antioxidant properties and effects on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A pooled sample of mageu Number 1 brand (original non-flavored) was subjected to in vitro gastroduodenal digestion (GDD). Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography of unfractionated undigested (UD) and GDD mageu revealed that with digestion there was an increased extraction of 1.2, 1.83, 1.45, 4.86, and 3.17-fold of caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4 hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. An associated increase in the total phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity in the3 kDa fraction was obtained. In contrast with digestion, inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation was found in the30 kDa fraction indicating the contribution of larger, possibly feruloylated polysaccharides, to activity. Cellular antioxidant activity in Caco-2 cells was90% for all UD fractions, but with GDD was reduced. All fractions had low scavenging of nitric oxide in the lipopolysaccharide/murine cell model. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to all the UD and GDD mageu fractions (at 1% and 10% concentrations) during differentiation resulted in at least a 35% reduction in lipid accumulation, which was not associated with a loss of cellular viability. In conclusion, mageu, UD, and subjected to GDD contains phenolic acids with beneficial bioactive properties that contribute to antioxidant activity and reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mageu is a non-alcoholic fermented maize product which when digested has increased bioactivity. Its reported health benefits are due to its caloric content therefore the practical application of this research is to validate the scientific benefits of this food and encourage increased consumption of this functional food. This is especially important in the context of the South African population where this product is widely consumed as increasing obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable disease. Furthermore, as a non-alcoholic drink, consumption can be promoted for all ages' groups and religions, and a commercialized manufacture processes can be optimized to increase phenolic acid release.
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- 2021
5. Antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones: A review
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Murtala Bindawa Isah, Aminu Mohammed, Nasir Tajuddeen, and A. B. Aliyu
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Blood Glucose ,Emodin ,Anthraquinones ,Pharmacology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Animals ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Structure–activity relationship ,Receptor ,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ,Insulin receptor ,Drug development ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein - Abstract
The present study was designed to review the antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones (AQs) with emphasis on the extent of blood glucose reduction, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values (in vitro studies), the proposed mechanisms of action, and the structure activity relationship studies. We sourced relevant data from the major scientific databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline, and Google Scholar). According to our search, 25 AQs have shown variable antidiabetic potential, whereas one AQ (morindone-6-O-β-D-primeveroside) showed no blood glucose-lowering ability. Emodin and rhein showed the most promising antidiabetic potential in various models. The proposed mechanisms of antidiabetic action include upregulation of insulin receptor substrates-1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, and Akt-ser473 expression and elevation of glucagon-like peptide-1 level in diabetic animal models linked to the potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitions. In addition, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity are other possible targets proposed as the mechanism of AQs antidiabetic action. The position and the number of hydroxyl group showed great influence on the overall antidiabetic potential of AQs. AQs hold promising antidiabetic activity despite scanty information. We hope that the present study will serve as a template to further explore the antidiabetic potential of AQs and subsequent antidiabetic drug development.
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- 2019
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6. Leea macrophylla (Roxb.) root extract reverses CCl4 induced liver injury through upregulation of antioxidative gene expression: a molecular interaction for therapeutic inception
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Mohammed Sohel Chowdhury, Md. Atiar Rahman, Md. Rakibul Hassan Bulbul, Muhammad Abid Hasan Chowdhury, Mala Khan, Mirola Afroze, Talha Bin Emran, Md. Zillur Rahman, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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Liver injury ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,CCL4 ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,030205 complementary & alternative medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Superoxide dismutase ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Enzyme ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Catalase ,Apoptosis ,Gene expression ,Carbon tetrachloride ,biology.protein ,medicine - Abstract
This study investigated the restorative effect of Leea macrophylla ethanol root extract (LMERE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic injury. It also tried to unfold the underlying mechanism through ligand-receptor interactions. Prior to conduct the CCl4 induced animal model study, the in vitro antioxidative capacities of LMERE were investigated. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was accomplished to identify the prevalent bioactive compounds. The molecular docking was performed using Schrodinger Suites 2017-1. Results showed the promising antioxidative potentials of LMERE in in vitro models. Upon treatment of CCl4 intoxicated animals with LMERE, serum ALT and AST were found to be significantly (p
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- 2019
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7. Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense extracts exhibit anti-trypanosomal activity: Evidence from in-silico molecular modelling, in vitro, and in vivo studies
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Saad Bello Saad, Michael Wink, Raphael Aminu, Mohamed A.O. Abdelfattah, Mansour Sobeh, Sonja Krstin, and Hadiza Abdullahi
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Models, Molecular ,food.ingredient ,T. brucei ,Syzygium ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,RM1-950 ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,Trypanosoma brucei ,Eugenia uniflora ,Eugenia ,Protein Structure, Secondary ,Docking ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Docking (dog) ,In vivo ,Trypanosomiasis ,Animals ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Rats, Wistar ,Trypanocidal agent ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Anti-trypanosomal activity ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Plant Extracts ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Trypanocidal Agents ,In vitro ,Rats ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MCF-7 Cells ,Female ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Syzygium samarangense - Abstract
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the main cause of the sleeping sickness threatening millions of populations in many African countries. The parasitic infection is currently managed by some synthetic medications, most of them suffer limited activity spectrum and/or serious adverse effects. Some studies have pointed out the promising therapeutic potential of the plant extracts rich in polyphenols to curb down parasitic infections caused by T. brucei and other trypanosomes. In this work, the main components dominating Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense plant extracts were virtually screened, through docking, as inhibitors of seven T. brucei enzymes validated as potential drug targets. The in vitro and in vivo anti-T. brucei activities of the extracts in two treatment doses were evaluated. Moreover, the extract effects on the packed cell volume level, liver, and kidney functions were assessed. Five compounds showed strong docking and minimal binding energy to five target enzymes simultaneously and three other compounds were able to bind strongly to at least four of the target enzymes. These compounds represent lead hits to develop novel trypanocidal agents of natural origin. Both extracts showed moderate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity. Infected animal groups treated over 5 days with the studied extracts showed an appreciable in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity and ameliorated in a dose dependent manner the anaemia, liver, and kidney damages induced by the infection. In conclusion, Eugenia uniflora and Syzygium samarangense could serve as appealing sources to treat trypanosomes infections.
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- 2021
8. Phytol suppresses parasitemia and ameliorates anaemia and oxidative brain damage in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
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Auwal Adamu, Muhammad Sani Abubakar, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Mohammed Aliyu Usman, Fadilat Isah Usman, and Abdulmalik Abdullahi Salman
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Male ,Plasmodium berghei ,Immunology ,Spleen ,Parasitemia ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Phytol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antimalarials ,Mice ,Random Allocation ,In vivo ,Chloroquine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Analysis of Variance ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Brain ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Anemia ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Hematocrit ,Liver ,Parasitology ,Female ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The quest for the development of a novel antimalarial drug informed the decision to subject phytol to in vivo trials following a demonstration of therapeutic potential against chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum under in vitro condition. On this basis, the in vivo anti-Plasmodium berghei activity of phytol including the ameliorative effects of the compound on P. berghei-associated anaemia and organ damage were investigated. Mice were infected with chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. berghei and were treated with phytol at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) for four days. The levels of parasitemia, packed cell volume and redox sensitive biomarkers of liver, brain and spleen tissues were determined. Our result revealed that phytol significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the multiplication of P. berghei in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the phytol significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the P. berghei-induced anaemia and brain damage. Data from the present study demonstrated that phytol has suppressive effect on P. berghei and could ameliorate some P. berghei-induced pathological changes.
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- 2020
9. Rational in silico design of novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides and in vitro evaluation of promising candidates
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Albert W. H. Neitz, Anabella R.M. Gaspar, Megan Jean Bester, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,In silico ,Sus scrofa ,01 natural sciences ,Gastrointestinal digestion ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Computer Simulation ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ,Amylase ,α glucosidase inhibitory ,Pharmacology ,Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,alpha-Glucosidases ,General Medicine ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Thermodynamics ,Acarbose ,alpha-Amylases ,Peptides - Abstract
Treatment of type 2 diabetes is achieved through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The present study was conducted to identify novel α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides and to validate the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of two promising candidates. A total of 4210 potential α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides with 3-5 amino acid residues were designed and individually subjected to in silico simulated gastrointestinal (GIT) digestion using the BIOPEP database. Subsequently, 844 GIT resistant peptides were then subjected to molecular docking using Autodock Vina to determine their binding free energy against human α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3L4Y). Among all the peptides, SVPA and SEPA were found to have the lowest binding free energies of -8.7 and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Docking of SVPA and SEPA on human α-amylase (PDB ID, 4GQR) identified that both peptides also bind to α-amylase with binding energies of -6.5 and -6.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Hydrogen bond interactions were critical for the binding of both peptides to the α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In vitro, SVPA and SEPA inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities with IC
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- 2018
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10. Combination therapy of vitamin C and phenolics-rich fraction of Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection
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Nasir Tajuddeen, Nathan Habila, Hadiza Abdullahi, A. B. Aliyu, Hassanat Taye Tairu, Aliyu M. Musa, Maryam Kassim, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0301 basic medicine ,Meliaceae ,Vitamin C ,biology ,Anemia ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cell Biology ,Pharmacology ,Trypanosoma brucei ,medicine.disease ,Ascorbic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Khaya ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oral administration ,Immunology ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Molecular Biology ,ED50 - Abstract
The phenolics-rich fraction of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) stem bark extract (pfks) has been previously reported to possess potent antitrypanosomal activity at 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) but could not completely prevent disease-induced anemia and organ damage in addition to being slightly hepatotoxic at the same dose. Therefore, the effects of a combined administration of low dose pfks and vitamin C on the severity of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats were investigated. Daily oral administration of a combined treatment of pfks (100 mg/kg bw) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw) for seven days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of T. brucei brucei in the bloodstream compared to infected untreated control with an ED50 of 51.15 mg/kg bw. Also, the trypanosome-induced pathological alterations such as anemia, hepatic and renal damages were significantly (p < 0.05) prevented by the same dosage of the combined treatment. Thus, the results obtained suggest that the combined treatment of a low dose of pfks and vitamin C is therapeutically potent as antitrypanosomal regimen and could effectively ameliorate the trypanosome-induced anemia and organ damage.
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- 2017
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11. Stigmasterol retards the proliferation and pathological features of Trypanosoma congolense infection in rats and inhibits trypanosomal sialidase in vitro and in silico
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Raphael Aminu, I. A. Umar, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Md. Atiar Rahman
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0301 basic medicine ,Trypanosoma congolense ,Stigmasterol ,Neuraminidase ,Parasitemia ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Sialidase ,Models, Biological ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Trypanosomiasis ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Computer Simulation ,Rats, Wistar ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,Rats ,Sialic acid ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Uncompetitive inhibitor - Abstract
Stigmasterol has been reported to possess antitrypanosomal activity using in vitro model but information on the in vivo antitrypanosomal effects which is necessary in drug development process has not been evaluated. Hence, the present study investigates the in vivo effects of stigmasterol against T. congolense in addition to its inhibitory effects of trypanosomal sialidase. Stigmasterol, at 100 mg/kg BW, did not significantly ( p > 0.05) reduce the progression of T. congolense infection in animals but a 200 mg/kg BW stigmasterol treatment significantly ( p 0.05) reduced the parasitemia, although, it did not completely eliminate the parasite from the bloodstream of infected animals. However, the stigmasterol treatments significantly ( p 0.05) ameliorated the T. congolense induced anemia as well as hepatic and renal damages. Furthermore, the T. congolense -associated increase in free serum sialic acid with a corresponding decrease in membrane bound sialic acid were prevented, though insignificantly ( p > 0.05), by the 200 mg/kg BW treatment. Subsequently, in vitro enzyme kinetic studies revealed that stigmasterol is an uncompetitive inhibitor of a partially purified bloodstream T. congolense sialidase with an inhibition binding constant of 356.59 μM. Using molecular docking studies, stigmasterol formed a single hydrogen bonding interaction with a major residue (D 63 ) at the catalytic domain of T. rangeli sialidase with a predicted binding free energy of −24.012 kcal/mol. We concluded that stigmasterol could retard the proliferation and the major pathological features of T. congolense infection whilst the anemia amelioration was mediated via inhibition of sialidase.
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- 2017
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12. Metabolism and Toxicological Implications of Commonly Used Chemopreventive Drugs Against Breast Cancer/Carcinogenesis
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Ibrahim Malami, Hadiza Sani, Hafsat Abdullahi Mohammed, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Aliyu Muhammad, and Ochuko L. Erukainure
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0301 basic medicine ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Estrogen receptor ,Anastrozole ,Pharmacology ,Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Exemestane ,medicine ,Raloxifene ,Aromatase ,biology ,business.industry ,Letrozole ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,business ,Tamoxifen ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Breast cancer has been reported to be among the frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide despite advances in early detection and treatment. Several drugs are currently used for chemoprevention as a result of a number of drawbacks associated with breast cancer therapy. Aim: This review focuses on the metabolism and toxicological implications of these drugs against breast cancer/ carcinogenesis. Methodology: Relevant articles on the commonly used anti-breast cancer drugs (raloxifene, tamoxifen, anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane) used in chemoprevention were searched using the major scientific databases including Scopus, Embase, PubMed/ Medline, Sciencedirect and Google Scholar. Results: The mechanism of action of estrogen receptor modulators are basically mediated via binding to estrogen receptors leading agonistic and antagonistic effects, whereas that of aromatase inhibitors involved the suppression of estrogen concentration in plasma via inhibition or inactivation of aromatase. Both estrogen receptor and aromatase modulators are good candidates for breast cancer chemoprevention, with latter being the most appropriate. However, it has been observed that pharmacodynamics nature of these xenobiotics, often yields some undesirable outcomes after administration which may be linked to resistance and other biological side effects, following phase I/II reactions, bioactivation within and around breast tissue microenvironment vis-a-vis distant tissues. Various findings indicated the manifestation of genotoxicity, organ toxicity and oxidative/nitrosative stress at low, moderate and high doses, thereby complicating the already existing precarious condition. Moreover, interindividual variations were also observed amongst patients, suggesting a critical role of genetic polymorphism. Also, variable side effects including osteoporosis, musculoskeletal events, such as arthralgia and myalgia were found to be predominant. Conclusion: The aromatase inhibitors seem to be most appropriate when it comes to application by virtue of their metabolic functions and fates. The reason is that raloxifene and tamoxifen are not the ideal drugs to reduce the incidence of primary invasive breast cancer because their safety and efficacy don’t reach the desired optimal agent level. However, adequate care should be taken while prescribing, as well as during and after treatment with constant close monitoring of patients for any possible biochemical and clinical manifestations vis-a-vis the issue of pharmacogenetics.
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- 2016
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13. Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria
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A Mansir, A Godwin, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Aliyu Muhammad, Ibrahim Malami, H A Khalil, Hafsat Abdullahi Mohammed, and Ahmed Babangida Suleiman
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Nigeria ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Lipid peroxidation ,Superoxide dismutase ,Antimalarials ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Chloroquine ,medicine ,Humans ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Quinine ,biology ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Malondialdehyde ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Artesunate ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarials in Nigeria. Drugs used were artemisinin, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine at the final concentrations of 0.5–8.0 mg/mL. Blood samples were collected from malarial patients and apparently healthy humans for comparison. Reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein content and lipid peroxidation were determined. All drugs significantly ( p < 0.05) increases the protein level relative to control in normal blood, whereas in the infected, a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction was observed. In normal blood, the antimalarials dose dependently decreased ( p < 0.05) SOD and catalase activities with significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the infected. The level of glutathione in normal blood significantly ( p < 0.05) increases as compared with control, whereas in the infected, similar observation was made except that the levels were less, relative to control sample. Malondialdehyde level significantly ( p < 0.05) increases with increase in drugs concentration even though less than the level in the control with few exceptions. These effects were dose dependent and more pronounced in non-malarial conditions. Commonly used antimalarials might alter the redox status in both healthy and non-healthy subjects thereby inducing oxidative stress.
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- 2016
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14. Antioxidant Therapy Against Trypanosome Infections: A Review Update
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Murtala Bindawa Isah, Abdulmalik Abdullahi Salman, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Pharmacology ,Resveratrol ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Trypanosomiasis ,Detoxification ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Parasitic disease ,Trypanocidal Drugs ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is a serious parasitic disease that affects humans and animals resulting in heavy health and economic burdens. Disturbance of redox equilibrium represents a classical challenge for both the host and the parasite during infections with either extracellular African or intracellular American trypanosomes species. This is in spite of existing detoxification mechanisms in both the host and the parasite for maintaining oxidative balance. However, oxidative stress still plays vital roles in the induction of numerous host-associated pathological damages such as anemia, hepatic and renal damages as well as cardiomyopathy while on the other hand, drugs that specifically induce oxidative stress to the parasite have been effective. Therefore, antioxidants have been deemed to play a role in modulating trypanosome infections. This review provides a current update on most of the studies conducted on the potential use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents against trypanosomes. The most frequently studied plant-derived phenolic antioxidants are resveratrol, cucurmin, gallic acid and quercetin while other antioxidants such as vitamins (A, C, E) and trace elements (selenium and iron) have been investigated. Some of the investigations monitored the direct trypanocidal or trypanostatic effects of the antioxidants while others studied the potentials of the antioxidants as adjuncts to trypanocidal drugs. So far, none of these approaches has sufficient data to allow a definite statement on the actual therapeutic potential of antioxidants in the treatment of clinical trypanosomiasis. Therefore, suggestions are made on the most therapeutically and clinically relevant role of antioxidants in trypanosome infections.
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- 2016
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15. Butanol fraction of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don leaves enhance pancreatic β-cell functions, stimulates insulin secretion and ameliorates other type 2 diabetes-associated complications in rats
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James Dama Habila, Md. Shahidul Islam, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Neil A. Koorbanally
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Butanols ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Parkia biglobosa ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Drug Discovery ,Insulin ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Fabaceae ,Bioactive compound ,Togo ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intraperitoneal injection ,Nigeria ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Diabetes Complications ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Dyslipidemias ,Pharmacology ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Fructose ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Streptozotocin ,biology.organism_classification ,Liver Glycogen ,Rats ,Plant Leaves ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Insulin Resistance ,alpha-Amylases ,business - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological surveys have reported that Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don (Leguminosae) is among the plants commonly used in the traditional management of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and Togo.This study investigated the anti-diabetic activity of the butanol fraction of P. biglobosa leaves (PBBF) in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats and a possible bioactive compound in the fraction.T2D was induced by feeding rats with a 10% fructose solution ad libitum for two weeks followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 40mg/kg body weight streptozotocin and the animals were orally treated with 150 and 300mg/kg BW of the PBBF for five days in a week. Another group of rats was non-diabetic but similarly administered with 300mg/kg BW of the PBBF. Food and fluid intakes, body weight changes and blood glucose levels were monitored during the experiment while other relevant diabetes-associated parameters were measured at the end of the experiment.The PBBF treatments significantly (P0.05) decreased the blood glucose levels and improved the glucose tolerance ability compared to untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the treatments were found to improve pancreatic β cell function (HOMA-β), stimulate insulin secretions, decrease insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), restore liver glycogen, ameliorate serum dyslipidaemia and prevent hepatic and renal damages compared to untreated diabetic rats. Phytochemical analysis of the fraction led to the isolation of lupeol which inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition patterns respectively.It was concluded that PBBF possessed remarkable anti-T2D activity which is mediated through modulation of β-cell function and stimulation of insulin secretion and the lower dose (150mg/kg BW) was found optimum for anti-T2D activity compared to the high dose (300mg/kg BW) in this study.
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- 2016
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16. Induction of Haemolysis and DNA Fragmentation in a Normal and Malarial-Infected Blood by Commonly - used Antimalarial Drugs in the North-Western Region of Nigeria
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Ibrahim Malami, Bilal Abdullahi Muhammad, Nathan Habila, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Aimola Idowu, Uche Samuel Ndidi, Aliyu Muhammad, Zeenat Bello Kudan, and Halliru Zailani
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,Erythrocytes ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Nigeria ,Pharmaceutical Science ,DNA Fragmentation ,Pharmacology ,Hemolysis ,Risk Assessment ,Antimalarials ,Hemoglobins ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Chloroquine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Quinine ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Erythrocyte fragility ,Haemolysis ,medicine.disease ,Osmotic Fragility ,chemistry ,Artesunate ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,DNA fragmentation ,business ,Biomarkers ,Malaria ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Antimalarial drugs are medicines that are used to prevent or treat malaria effectively at different stages in the life cycle of the malarial parasites. In spite of this, a good number of these drugs have the potential to cause harm when they are misused or abused. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of commonly-used antimalarial drugs in the North Western region of Nigeria on haemolysis and DNA fragmentation in the blood of normal and malarial infected humans ex vivo. Method: The drugs used were artemisinine, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine (0.5-8.0 mg/ml). Haemolysis, haemoglobin status and DNA fragmentations were assayed for using standard procedures. Results: It was observed that all the drugs induced a remarkable dose-dependent haemolysis with more pronounced effects on apparently healthy humans. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the level of haemoglobin in normal blood samples when compared with control samples. Contrariwise, in the malaria-infected blood, the haemoglobin level significantly (P < 0.05) increased as compared with control. The drugs caused an exceptional significant (P < 0.05) induction of DNA fragmentation when compared with control. Conclusion: Commonly-used antimalarial drugs induced haemolysis and altered haemoglobin status which may spontaneously increases the cellular iron levels; a substrate for Fenton and Haber Weiss reactions, and eventually induces DNA fragmentation. Hence, adequate care should be taken during prescription with total avoidance for self medications and/or drugs abuse as a result of their adverse effects within the red blood cells and its immediate microenvironment.
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- 2016
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17. The therapeutic potential of phytol towards Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase
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Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu, I. D. Jatau, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Saad Bello Saad
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Oral treatment ,Livestock ,Trypanosoma congolense ,Immunology ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,Neuraminidase ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,Sialidase ,Random Allocation ,Phytol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Rats, Wistar ,Neglected Diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal trypanosomiasis ,Rats ,Trypanosomiasis, African ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Trypanosoma ,Parasitology - Abstract
The search for novel therapeutic candidates against animal trypanosomiasis is an ongoing scientific endevour because of the negative impacts of the disease to the African livestock industry. In this study, the in vivo therapeutic potentials of phytol toward Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects on trypanosomal sialidase were investigated. Rats were infected with T. congolense and administered daily oral treatment of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of phytol. Within the first 10 days of the treatment, no antitrypanosomal activity was recorded but a moderate trypanostatic activity was observed from day 17-day 21 pi. However, at 100 mg/kg BW, phytol demonstrated a significant (p 0.05) ameliorative potentials toward T. congolense-induced host-associated pathological damages such as anaemia, hepatic and renal damages; and the data was comparable to diminazine aceturate. Moreover, the T. congolense caused a significant (p 0.05) increase in free serum sialic acid level which was significantly (p 0.05) prevented in the presence of phytol (100 mg/kg BW). In an in vitro analysis, phytol inhibited partially purified T. congolense sialidase using an uncompetitive inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant of 261.24 μmol/mL. Subsequently, molecular docking revealed that the compound binds to homology modelled trypanosomal sialidase with a binding free energy of -6.7 kcal/mol which was mediated via a single hydrogen bond while Trp324 and Pro274 were the critical binding residues. We concluded that phytol has moderate trypanostatic activity but with a great potential in mitigating the host-associated cellular damages while the anaemia amelioration was mediated, in part, through the inhibition of sialidase.
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- 2020
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18. Trypanostatic activity of geranylacetone: Mitigation of Trypanosoma congolense-associated pathological pertubations and insight into the mechanism of anaemia amelioration using in vitro and in silico models
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Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu, I. D. Jatau, Saad Bello Saad, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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Male ,Trypanosoma congolense ,In silico ,Immunology ,Neuraminidase ,Rubiaceae ,Pharmacology ,Sialidase ,Kidney ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Random Allocation ,In vivo ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Pathological ,Pathogen ,biology ,Terpenes ,Neglected Diseases ,Anemia ,Heart ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,biology.organism_classification ,Trypanocidal Agents ,In vitro ,Rats ,Infectious Diseases ,Trypanosomiasis, African ,Liver ,Trypanosoma ,Parasitology ,Female ,Spleen - Abstract
Trypanosoma congolense is an important pathogen that wreaks havoc in the livestock industry of the African continent. This study evaluated the in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of geranylacetone and its ameliorative effect on the disease-induced anaemia and organ damages as well as its inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase using in vitro and in silico techniques. Geranylacetone was used to treat T. congolense infected rats, at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW, for 14 days where it was found to reduce the parasite burden in the infected animals. Moreover, 100 mg/kg BW of geranylacetone significantly (p 0.05) ameliorated the anaemia, hepatic and renal damages caused by the parasite. This is in addition to the alleviation of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly and upsurge in free serum sialic acid levels in the infected animals which were associated with the observed anaemia amelioration by the compound. Consequently, bloodstream T. congolense sialidase was partially purified on DEAE cellulose column and inhibition kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme was inhibited by geranylacetone via an uncompetitive inhibition pattern. In silico analysis using molecular docking with Autodock Vina indicated that geranylacetone binds to trypanosomal sialidase with a minimum free binding energy of -5.8 kcal/mol which was mediated by 26 different kinds of non-covalent interactions excluding hydrogen bond whilst Asp163 and Phe421 had the highest number of the interactions. The data suggests that geranylacetone has trypanostatic activity and could protect animals against the T. congolense-induced anaemia through the inhibition of sialidase and/or the protection of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly.
- Published
- 2018
19. Medicinal plants with concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects as potential sources of dual acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension: A review
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Chika I. Chukwuma, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Motlalepula G. Matsabisa, Md. Shahidul Islam, Matimbha H. Chabalala, and Ochuko L. Erukainure
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Blood Glucose ,Withania somnifera ,Caftaric acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Verbascoside ,Diabetes mellitus ,Drug Discovery ,Caffeic acid ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Medicinal plants ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Pharmacology ,Plants, Medicinal ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Cichoric acid ,food and beverages ,Fabaceae ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Hypertension ,Medicine, Traditional ,Plant Preparations ,business ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Diabetes and hypertension are pathophysiologically related diseases that co-exist with a wider complex of metabolic diseases having similar set of risk factors. There are numerous ethnopharmacological evidences on the anti-diabetic and/or anti-hypertensive properties of medicinal plants from various parts of the world, which are used as therapies to concomitantly manage diabetes and hypertension. Aim of the review This article reviewed findings on medicinal plants with both anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects reported in same experimental study to facilitate the development of dual-acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension. Materials and methods A literature search was carried out on different scientific search engines including, but not limited to “PubMed”, “Google Scholar”, “Scopus” and ScienceDirect to identify published data in which plants in same experimental studies were reported to possess both anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive effects. Subsequently, the anti-diabetic/anti-hypertensive potency ratio (ψ) of the medicinal plants was computed. Results Sixty-four studies with 102 plant species matched the selection criteria. Members of the Fabaceae family were the most investigated plants, while the ψ greatly varied across the plants, with only 11 plants having a ψ ≃ 1. Withania somnifera Dunal was the only plant reported to show blood glucose-lowering and diuretic effects in humans, comparable to daonil. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, verbascoside, leucosceptoside A, isoacteoside, fucoxanthin and nicotinamide were the reported dual acting anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive compounds identified and/or isolated in the plants. Conclusions This review suggests that medicinal plants possess varied therapeutic dynamics against hypertension and diabetes that could be exploited for the discovery of therapeutic preparation(s) or agent(s) for treating the two diseases.
- Published
- 2018
20. Effects of α-tocopherol on the in vivo antitrypanosomal effects of phenolics-rich fraction of Khaya senegalensis stem bark
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Aliyu M. Musa, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Isa Yunusa, Abdulkadir Muhammad, A. B. Aliyu, Femi Omogoye, Bashir Musa, Blessing Alexander, and Amina Nura Kakira
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Microbiology (medical) ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Anemia ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,lcsh:Medicine ,Phloroglucinol ,Trypanosoma brucei ,Pharmacology ,Body weight ,Khaya ,In vivo ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Tocopherol ,Stem bark ,α-tocopherol ,biology ,lcsh:R ,Organ damage ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal trypanosomiasis ,Khaya senegalensis ,Infectious Diseases ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of combined administration of a low dose of a phenolicsrich fraction of Khaya senegalensis (PFKS) stem bark with α-tocopherol on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. brucei brucei) infection. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups of six animals, namely, normal control, uninfected but treated with PFKS and α-tocopherol, infected control, infected and treated with PFKS and α-tocopherol (ITTF) and infected treated with diminazine aceturate. Rats in infected control, ITTF and infected treated with diminazine aceturate were infected with T. brucei brucei while the animals in uninfected but treated with PFKS and α-tocopherol and ITTF were treated with a combination of PFKS (100 mg/kg body weight) and α-tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight) for 8 days. At the end of the experiment, indices of anemia as well as hepatic and renal functions were analysed. Results: The combined treatment significantly (P < 0.05) retarded the proliferation of T. brucei brucei in the infected animals compared to the infected group but could not completely eliminate the parasites from the bloodstream of infected animals. Furthermore, the trypanosome-associated pathological changes such as anemia, hepatic and renal damages were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated by the combination of PFKS and α-tocopherol. Conclusions: Combination of a low dose of PFKS stem bark and α-tocopherol could be a therapeutically active regimen against animal trypanosomiasis.
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- 2015
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21. Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Acacia Honey on Acetylcholinesterase in Rats
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Oyeronke A. Odunola, Michael A. Gbadegesin, Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau, Uche Samuel Ndidi, and Aliyu Muhammad
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Aging ,Sodium arsenite ,Article Subject ,Aché ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Acacia ,lcsh:Geriatrics ,Pharmacology ,Calcium ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Toxicology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,biology ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Acetylcholinesterase ,language.human_language ,lcsh:RC952-954.6 ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Distilled water ,language ,Neurology (clinical) ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Research Article - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite and Acacia honey on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and electrolytes in the brain and serum of Wistar rats. Male Wistar albino rats in four groups of five rats each were treated with distilled water, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg body weight), Acacia honey (20% v/v), and sodium arsenite and Acacia honey, daily for one week. The sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the brain with the combined treatment being more potent. Furthermore, sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the serum. Strong correlation was observed between the sodium and calcium ion levels with acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and serum. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of Acacia honey revealed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, sugar derivatives, and fatty acids. These findings suggest that sodium arsenite and/or Acacia honey modulates acetylcholinesterase activities which may be explored in the management of Alzheimer’s diseases but this might be counteracted by the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenics.
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- 2015
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22. Structural properties of bioactive peptides with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
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Anabella R.M. Gaspar, Megan Jean Bester, Albert W. H. Neitz, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0301 basic medicine ,Stereochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ,Amino Acid Sequence ,α glucosidase inhibitory ,Pharmacology ,Binding Sites ,010405 organic chemistry ,business.industry ,α glucosidase ,Organic Chemistry ,Hydrogen Bonding ,alpha-Glucosidases ,0104 chemical sciences ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Chemical engineering ,Molecular Medicine ,business ,Peptides ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
Bioactive peptides are emerging as promising class of drugs that could serve as α-glucosidase inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This article identifies structural and physicochemical requirements for the design of therapeutically relevant α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides. So far, a total of 43 fully sequenced α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides have been reported and 13 of them had IC
- Published
- 2017
23. The chemotherapeutic potential of chalcones against leishmaniases: a review
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Murtala Bindawa Isah, Fanie R. van Heerden, Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman, and Nasir Tajuddeen
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Leishmania ,Biological Products ,010405 organic chemistry ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,General Medicine ,Pharmacology ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,World health ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Chalcones ,Ic50 values ,Neglected tropical diseases ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Leishmania species ,Endemic diseases ,Leishmaniasis - Abstract
Leishmaniases are endemic diseases in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be among the six most important neglected tropical diseases. The current therapeutic arsenal against the disease is associated with a series of chemotherapeutic setbacks. However, since the early 1990s, naturally occurring chalcones with promising antileishmanial effects have been reported, and several other synthetic chalcones and chalcone-hybrid molecules have been confirmed to possess potent activity against various Leishmania species. This paper is a comprehensive review covering the antileishmanial activity of 34 naturally occurring chalcones, 224 synthetic/semisynthetic chalcones and 54 chalcone-hybrid molecules. Several chalcones in the synthetic/semisynthetic category had IC50 values
- Published
- 2017
24. Antioxidative Activity and Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase) by Khaya Senegalensis
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Neil A. Koorbanally, Md. Shahidul Islam, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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Butanols ,Ethyl acetate ,Pharmaceutical Science ,type-2 diabetes ,Fractionation ,Chemical Fractionation ,Plant Roots ,Substrate Specificity ,law.invention ,khaya senegalensis (meliaceae) ,Khaya ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,oxidative stress ,Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ,Amylase ,Food science ,Meliaceae ,Pharmaceutical industry ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Plants, Medicinal ,Ethanol ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Butanol ,alpha-Glucosidases ,Free Radical Scavengers ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,Kinetics ,α-amylase ,Enzyme ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Plant Bark ,Solvents ,biology.protein ,α-glucosidase ,alpha-Amylases ,HD9665-9675 ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidative activity of Khaya senegalensis extracts and inhibitory effects of some solvent fractions on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The stem bark, root and leaf samples of the plant were sequentially extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol and water and then tested for antioxidative activity. Our findings revealed that the ethanolic extract of the root had the highest antioxidative activity. Solvent-solvent fractionation of the root ethanolic extract yielded a butanol fraction that showed higher antioxidative activity than other fractions. Furthermore, the butanol fraction had significantly higher (p < 0.05) α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.89 ± 0.46 and 97.51 ± 5.72 μg mL-1, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the butanol fraction is a non-competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase with an inhibition binding constant Ki of 1.30 μg mL-1 and a competitive inhibitor of α-amylase with a Ki of 7.50 μg mL-1. GC-MS analysis revealed that the butanol fraction contained two chromones, p-anilinophenol and 3-ethyl-5-(3- ethyl-(3H)-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-2-(p-tolylvinylamino)- 4-thiazolidinone. Data obtained in the study suggest that the butanol fraction derived from the ethanolic extract of K. senegalensis root possessed excellent antioxidative as well as α-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activities while chromones and/or p-anilinophenol could be the main bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activities.
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- 2014
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25. African Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Potentials: A Review
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Md. Shahidul Islam, Aminu Mohammed, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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Population ,Pharmaceutical Science ,North africa ,Analytical Chemistry ,West africa ,Drug Discovery ,Diabetes Mellitus ,East africa ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Medicine ,education ,Medicinal plants ,Medicine, African Traditional ,Pharmacology ,education.field_of_study ,Plants, Medicinal ,Traditional medicine ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Central africa ,Biotechnology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in Africa. The conventional oral synthetic antidiabetic drugs available to manage the disease are costly and not readily affordable to the majority of the affected population. Interestingly, the continent is endowed with a tremendous number of medicinal plants that have been explored for their folkloric treatment of diabetes mellitus. Scientific investigations have validated the antidiabetic potentials of a number of these medicinal plants but there is no repository with information on these scientifically investigated plants as a guide for future research. In this review article, all of the in vivo antidiabetic studies conducted between January 2000 and July 2013 on African plants are systematically compiled with a closer look at some relevant plants from the continent's subregions. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated, and West Africa has the highest number of investigated plants. Although promising results were reported in many cases, unfortunately, only a few studies reported the partial characterization of bioactive principles and/or mechanisms of action. It is hoped that government agencies, pharmaceutical industries, and the scientific community will have a look at some of these plants for future research and, if possible, subsequent commercialization.
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- 2014
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26. Inhibition of JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling systems could be a novel therapeutic target against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Sani Ibrahim, Muhammad Sani Isah, and Hauwa'u Yakubu Bako
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Inflammation ,Type 2 diabetes ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Piperidines ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Pyrroles ,Rats, Wistar ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Janus Kinases ,Serum Amyloid A Protein ,Aspirin ,Tofacitinib ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,NF-kappa B ,JAK-STAT signaling pathway ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Streptozotocin ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,STAT Transcription Factors ,Pyrimidines ,030104 developmental biology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Hyperglycemia ,Cytokines ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways which are known to be inhibited by tofacitinib and aspirin respectively. High levels of these cytokines increase the synthesis of suppressors of cytokines (SOCS), which at high levels inhibit insulin signalling leading to insulin resistance. The effects of tofacitinib and aspirin on the degree of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats were determined.Rats were induced with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by administration of 10% fructose solution (ad libitum) followed by streptozotocin injection (40 mg/kg BW) and treated with different doses of tofacitinib (10 and 20 mg/kg BW), aspirin (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) and combination of the two drugs at both doses for 9 weeks.Results showed that separate treatment with 10 mg/kg BW tofacitinib and 100 mg/kg BW aspirin significantly (P 0.05) decreased tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A when compared to diabetic untreated rats. However, the combined therapy (10 mg/kg BW tofacitinib and 100 mg/kg BW aspirin) significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, serum amyloid A, HOMA-IR, blood glucose level and SOC-3 gene expression but significantly (P 0.05) improved glucose homoestasis, insulin secretion, HOMA-β and GLUT-4 gene expression when compared to diabetic untreated rat.It was concluded that simultaneous inhibition of the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways with tofacitinib and aspirin respectively, could mitigate insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in T2D.
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- 2019
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27. Lactone-rich fraction from Vernonia blumeoides: antitrypanosomal activity and alleviation of the parasite-induced anemia and organ damage
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M. Bashir, E. Toko, A. B. Aliyu, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Nathan Habila, T. Solomon, A. Garba, and Hadiza Abdullahi
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Male ,Anemia ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,Spleen ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,Lactones ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Parasite hosting ,Rats, Wistar ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Kidney ,Plant Extracts ,medicine.disease ,Trypanocidal Agents ,In vitro ,Rats ,Plant Leaves ,Organ damage ,Trypanosomiasis, African ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Vernonia ,Lactone ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
The anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity in vitro and in vivo of a lactone-rich fraction of Vernonia blumeoides leaves (VBLF) and its potential in alleviating trypanosome-induced anemia and organ damage were investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of VBLF revealed the presence of a number of lactone-containing compounds. In an in vitro study, VBLF showed concentration-dependent activity and was further used to treat T. brucei brucei-infected rats. The VBLF treatments, especially at 300 mg/kg body weight (BW), significantly (P
- Published
- 2013
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28. Effects of butanol fraction of Ziziphus mucronata root ethanol extract on glucose homeostasis, serum insulin and other diabetes-related parameters in a murine model for type 2 diabetes
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Md. Shahidul Islam and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0301 basic medicine ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Time Factors ,glucose tolerance ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Butanols ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Type 2 diabetes ,Plant Roots ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,insulin resistance ,Drug Discovery ,Glucose homeostasis ,Insulin ,Ziziphus mucronata ,biology ,Ziziphus ,General Medicine ,buffalo thorn ,Molecular Medicine ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,β-cell function ,Intraperitoneal injection ,liver glycogen ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Fructose ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Pharmacology ,Plants, Medicinal ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Plant Extracts ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Streptozotocin ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Solvents ,business ,Biomarkers ,Phytotherapy - Abstract
Context: Ziziphus mucronata Willd (Rhamnaceae) is currently used in Nigerian traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, detailed information on the antidiabetic potential of the plant parts is presently unknown. Objectives: The present study investigated the antidiabetic effects of the butanol fraction of Z. mucronata root (ZMBF) in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats. Materials and methods: T2D was induced in rats by feeding a 10% fructose solution ad libitum for two weeks followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bw) and the animals were orally treated with ZMBF 150 or 300 mg/kg bw for five days a week for four weeks. Food and fluid intake, body weight changes and blood glucose levels were monitored during the experiment while other blood and organ specific diabetes-associated parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Results: After four-week treatment, significantly (p 0.05) affected by the treatment of ZMBF. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that ZMBF treatment, at 300 mg/kg bw, possess antidiabetic activity, but could not ameliorate some diabetes-related parameters in type 2 diabetic rats.
- Published
- 2016
29. Phenolics Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts and Fractions of Vernonia blumeoides (Asteraceae)
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Aliyu M. Musa, A. O. Oyewale, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, T. Bulus, and A. B. Aliyu
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Pharmacology ,Antioxidant capacity ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Chemistry ,Botany ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2011
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30. Indigofera pulchra leaves extracts contain anti-Plasmodium berghei agents
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Aliyu M. Musa, A. B. Aliyu, Sani Ibrahim, A I Okafor, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Nura S. Haruna
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Pharmacology ,Treated group ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Anemia ,Plasmodium berghei ,Untreated group ,Indigofera pulchra ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Antimalarial ,Body weight ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Post infection ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Chloroquine ,Immunology ,medicine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the anti- Plasmodium berghei activities of some extracts from Indigofera pulchra leaves. Six groups of mice were intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive P. berghei (NK 65) among which two groups were orally treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanol leaves extract while another two groups were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of n-butanol fraction derived from the methanol extract. Another infected group was treated with chloroquine (25 mg/kg) whereas the remaining infected group was left untreated. All infected treated groups possessed a significantly (p
- Published
- 2011
31. Commercially available non-nutritive sweeteners modulate the antioxidant status of type 2 diabetic rats
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Nomcebo Mchunu, Olajumoke A. Oyebode, Chika I. Chukwuma, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Siphiwe Ndumiso Dlamini, and Md. Shahidul Islam
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Male ,Non-Nutritive Sweeteners ,Sucrose ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutathione reductase ,Biophysics ,Pharmacology ,Antioxidants ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Superoxide dismutase ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Saccharin ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Nutritive Sweeteners ,Aspartame ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Superoxide Dismutase ,business.industry ,Glutathione peroxidase ,Cell Biology ,Glutathione ,Catalase ,Rats ,Glutathione Reductase ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are increasingly being used by diabetics, but little is known about their effects on antioxidant status. We investigated the effects of ad libitum consumption of commercially available NNS (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and cyclamate-based sweeteners) on antioxidative markers in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). NNS consumption reduced (p < 0.05) T2D-induced lipid peroxidation and boosted serum, hepatic, renal, cardiac, and pancreatic glutathione (GSH) levels. Catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the serum and most organs upon diabetes induction, perhaps due to adaptative antioxidant response to the diabetes-induced lipid peroxidation. NNS showed varying effects on serum and tissue antioxidant enzymes of animals. An antioxidant capacity scores sheet of NNS, suggest that aspartame-based NNS may not exert antioxidant effects in diabetics, while saccharin-based NNS may be a potent antioxidative sweetener as seen in the animal model of T2D. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of NNS is becoming more popular, especially for diabetic individuals. While there are several commercial NNS available in the market, little is known about how they affect the antioxidant status of consumers. We therefore investigated how some commercially available NNS affect the antioxidant status of diabetic rats. Observed data revealed varying effects of NNS on serum and different organs, which suggest that some NNS may be better than others for diabetic oxidative stress and thus may be recommended for consumers. However, this finding is subject to additional corroborative clinical studies.
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- 2019
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32. α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Compounds from three African Medicinal Plants: An Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics Approach
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Md. Shahidul Islam, James Dama Habila, Neil A. Koorbanally, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Ziziphus mucronata ,biology ,Chemistry ,α glucosidase ,Kinetics ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enzyme inhibition ,030104 developmental biology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Biochemistry ,Drug Discovery ,biology.protein ,Bioassay ,Amylase ,Medicinal plants ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The quest to find new lead compounds with anti-diabetic effects via the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase had led us to conduct bioassay guided isolation of three African medicinal plants which resulted in the identification of bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane-2,3,5-triol (1), 3β- O-acetyl betulinic acid (2) and 2,7-dihydroxy-4 H-1-benzopyran-4-one (3), as the bioactive compounds. The compounds demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities than acarbose. Steady state kinetic analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in non-competitive patterns whilst compound 3 was an uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase and a non-competitive inhibitor of α-amylase. In conclusion, the study has identified three new active α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory compounds that could have the potential to retard postprandial hyperglycemia.
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- 2017
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33. Butanol fraction of Khaya senegalensis root modulates β-cell function and ameliorates diabetes-related biochemical parameters in a type 2 diabetes rat model
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim and Md. Shahidul Islam
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Butanols ,Intraperitoneal injection ,Drinking ,Type 2 diabetes ,Plant Roots ,Streptozocin ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Khaya ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Eating ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Drug Discovery ,Insulin Secretion ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Meliaceae ,Pharmacology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Fructose ,biology.organism_classification ,Streptozotocin ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Glycogen ,medicine.drug ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is commonly exploited for the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and Togo. The present study was conducted to examine the anti-diabetic activity of Khaya senegalensis butanol fraction (KSBF) of root ethanolic extract in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats.T2D was induced in rats by feeding a 10% fructose solution ad libitum for two weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) and the animals were treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW) of the fraction for five days in a week. Relevant diabetes-related parameters were analyzed in all experimental animals.The KSBF treatment, at 300 mg/kg BW, significantly (p0.05) reduced blood glucose level, improved oral glucose tolerance ability and β-cell function (HOMA-β), decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis, ameliorated serum lipids alterations and prevented hepatic and renal damages compared to untreated diabetic rats. Additionally, the fraction insignificantly (p0.05) improved weight gain, decreased food and fluid intake, stimulated insulin secretion and lowered serum fructosamine concentrations compared to untreated diabetic rats.Data from this study suggests that orally administered KSBF, at 300 mg/kg BW, possess remarkable anti-type 2 diabetic activity and could ameliorate some diabetes-associated complications and hence can be considered as a source of potential anti-type 2 diabetic medicine.
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- 2014
34. Anti-trypanosomal activity of African medicinal plants: a review update
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Abubakar Babando Aliyu (PhD), Murtala Isah, Aminu Mohammed, and Amera Kamal
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Pharmacology ,Trypanosoma ,Plants, Medicinal ,Traditional medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Trypanocidal Agents ,Clinical study ,Drug Discovery ,Plant species ,medicine ,Neglected tropical diseases ,Animals ,African trypanosomiasis ,Medicinal plants ,Medicine, African Traditional - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance African trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by different species of trypanosomes that affect both human and livestock with devastating consequences in the continent. Most of the affected populations commonly use traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of the disease. Consequently, this prompted ethnopharmacological research activities on the anti-trypanosomal activity of a number of these African medicinal plants in order to validate their ethnomedicinal use. Furthermore, such studies could lead to the identification of chemical leads for the development of newer anti-trypanosomal agents from those plants. This review aims to provide updated information on the ethnopharmacological evidence of African medicinal plants with anti-trypanosomal activity. Methods Literature was collected via electronic search (PubMed, Sciencedirect, Medline and Google Scholar) from published articles that report on the in vitro or in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity of plants that were collected from different parts of Africa. Results African medicinal plants investigated for in vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity from January 1993 to October 2013 are systematically compiled and all the in vivo studies are critically discussed. A total of 264 plant species belonging to 79 families were investigated for anti-trypanosomal activity. However, only 48 bioactive anti-trypanosomal compounds were successfully isolated in pure forms. Furthermore, some of the plants were investigated for possible ameliorative effects on the trypanosome-induced pathological changes out of which 18 plants were reported to be effective while a few others were not. In spite of interesting preclinical ethnopharmacological evidence for anti-trypanosomal activity, not a single African medicinal plant was investigated in a clinical study. Conclusion Several African medicinal plants have demonstrated promising anti-trypanosomal effects but the studies on the anti-trypanosomal potentials of these plants are not taken beyond proof of concept stage. It is hoped that the article would stimulate future clinical studies because of the paucity of knowledge in this area.
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- 2013
35. Anti-diabetic effects of the acetone fraction of Senna singueana stem bark in a type 2 diabetes rat model
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Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim and M. Shahidul Islam
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Male ,Senna Plant ,endocrine system diseases ,Senna ,Ethyl acetate ,Blood lipids ,Type 2 diabetes ,Pharmacology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Acetone ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Random Allocation ,In vivo ,Diabetes mellitus ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,biology ,Glycogen ,Plant Stems ,Chemistry ,Plant Extracts ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Rats ,Biochemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Plant Bark - Abstract
Senna singueana is currently used in the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. The present study examined the anti-diabetic activity of the Senna singueana acetone fraction (SSAF) of stem bark in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) rat model.Crude ethyl acetate extract of the Senna singueana stem bark was fractionated with various solvents and the acetone fraction was selected for in vivo studies based on the high α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. In the in vivo study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with T2D and treated with the SSAF at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Several T2D-related parameters were measured in the study.After 4 weeks of intervention, non-fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly decreased and the glucose tolerance ability was significantly improved in the SSAF treated groups compared to the diabetic control group. Serum insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β) and liver glycogen were significantly (P0.05) increased while serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and urea were significantly decreased in the SSAF treated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control group. Though insignificantly (P0.05), other T2D-induced abnormalities such as food and fluid intake, body weight, serum lipids, serum fructosamine level and peripheral insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also partially ameliorated by the SSAF treatment.Data of this study suggest that orally administered SSAF could ameliorate most of the T2D-induced abnormalities in a T2D model of rats.
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- 2013
36. Activity of saponin fraction of Anisopus mannii against some pathogenic microorganisms
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MB Tijjani, Aliyu M. Musa, M. S. Abdullahi, M. S. Aliyu, A. B. Aliyu, A. O. Oyewale, and Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
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Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Minimum bactericidal concentration ,Microorganism ,Saponin ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Plant Science ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antimicrobial ,complex mixtures ,Microbiology ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Corynebacterium ulcerans ,parasitic diseases ,Drug Discovery ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,medicine ,Agar diffusion test - Abstract
Partially purified saponin fraction was obtained from column chromatography of crude saponin precipitate of the aerial part of Anisopus mannii, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility study against pathogenic microorganisms using the disc diffusion technique. The result of the antimicrobial activity indicated by zone of inhibition of growth ranged from 13.0 to 22.2 mm. The fraction was more potent on Escherichia coli (22.2 mm) and least onKlebsiella pneumoniae (13.0 mm). The saponin fraction showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 30 mgml-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value 40 mgml-1 on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium ulcerans, E. coli, Shigella dysentriae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The spectra of the activity exhibited by the partially purified saponin signify the potential of saponin from A. mannii for the development therapeutic agents against these pathogenic microorganisms. Key words: Anisopus mannii, saponin fraction, antimicrobial activity, pathogenic microorganisms.
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- 2011
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37. Anti-oxidative activities of the various extracts of stem bark, root and leaves of Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) in vitro
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Neil A. Koorbanally, Joyce J. Kiplimo, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, and Md. Shahidul Islam
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Pharmacology ,Ziziphus mucronata ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,DPPH ,Radical ,Ethyl acetate ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Ascorbic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Rhamnaceae ,Hydroxyl radical ,Trolox - Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the anti-oxidative activities of extracts from different parts of Ziziphus mucronata. Stem bark, root and leaf samples were sequentially extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and tested for in vitro anti-oxidative activity using various models. Our results indicated that all the extracts had potent electron donating and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. However, the ethanolic extracts exhibited a significantly (p
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- 2011
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38. Senna occidentalis leaf extract possesses antitrypanosomal activity and ameliorates the trypanosome-induced anemia and organ damage
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A. B. Aliyu, Isa Yunusa, M. Bashir, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Abdullahi Balarabe Sallau, and T. S. Umar
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Pharmacology ,Creatinine ,biology ,Anemia ,antitrypanosomal effect ,Trypanosoma brucei brucei ,Parasitemia ,Trypanosoma brucei ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Senna occidentalis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Pharmacodynamics ,Drug Discovery ,Immunology ,parasitic diseases ,Urea ,medicine ,Original Article - Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal effects of the ethanol extract of Senna occidentalis leaf were investigated. The crude extract exhibited an in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei as it completely eliminated parasites' motility within 10 minutes postincubation with 6.66 mg/ml of effective extract concentration. The extract was further used to treat experimentally T. brucei brucei infected rats at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, beginning on day 5 post infections (p.i.). At the termination of the experiment on Day 11 p.i., the extract significantly (P < 0.05) kept the parasitemia lower than was recorded in the infected untreated rats. All the infected animals developed anemia, the severity of which was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by the extract treatment. The infection caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases as well as serum urea and creatinine levels. However, treatment of infected animals with the extract significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the trypanosome-induced increase in these biochemical indices. Furthermore, the T. brucei infection caused hepatomegaly and splenomegaly that were significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by the extract administration. It was concluded that orally administered ethanol extract of S. occidentalis leaf possessed anti-T. brucei brucei activity and could ameliorate the disease-induced anemia and organ damage.
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- 2010
39. A New Antimicrobial Prenylated Benzo-lactone from the Rhizome of Cissus cornifolia
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Aliyu M. Musa, A. B. Aliyu, M. I. Abdullahi, Nasir Tajuddeen, Abdurahman Y Rafindadi, Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim, Abdullahi Idris, and M. S. Abdullahi
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Pharmacology ,Benzo-Lactone ,biology ,Cissus cornifolia ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Salmonella typhi ,Antimicrobial ,Corpus albicans ,Rhizome ,Microbiology ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Original Article ,Candida albicans ,Medicinal plants ,Prenylated - Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants remain one of the largest reservoirs of new bioactive compounds. In this study, a new prenylated benzo-lactone (4, 6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5-pentahydroxypentyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one) was isolated from the acetone extracts of the rhizome of Cissus cornifolia . The antimicrobial activity of the compound was evaluated against some microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The acetone extracts of the rhizome of C. cornifolia was separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. The structure of the isolated compound was characterized by analysis of spectral data including one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Results: The isolated compound was characterized as (4, 6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5-pentahydroxypentyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one), it showed activity against 6 out of 10 tested clinical isolates of some microorganisms including S. aureus, S. typhi, and C. albicans . The inhibition zones ranged between 17 mm and 25 mm. The inhibition zones observed compare favorably with the positive control used. Conclusion: The compound could serve as a lead for the development of more potent antimicrobial agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation and characterization as well as antimicrobial screening of the compound.
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- 2015
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