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The present research investigates the role of dark and light personality traits in determining academic discipline preferences among university students. Two studies showed that university students with relatively high scores on dark personality traits (specifically, narcissism and Machiavellianism) and relatively low scores on light personality traits are over-represented in business and law programs, compared to psychology and other academic disciplines. The results further suggest that personality is a distal determinant of academic discipline choice, with human values being the proximal determinant. Specifically, high scores in dark/low light personalities express a desire for power, which explains why they choose economics or law as their academic discipline. Contrary to our expectations, low dark/high light personalities were not over-represented in psychology, compared to other academic disciplines. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering personality traits and human values in understanding academic discipline choices among university students. Recognizing these factors can inform educational institutions in developing strategies to better support students in aligning their academic pursuits with their personal characteristics and values., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this article is to identify the effects of dark tetrad personality traits (such as narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and sadism) on counterproductive work behavior with the mediating role of psychological contract breach and the moderating effect of political skills. Previous researches have focused on the direct effect of the dark triad to measure the counterproductive work behavior of individuals. Recently, everyday sadism has been added to the dark triad and become dark tetrad personality traits. Therefore, this study examines the dark tetrad personality traits to study counterproductive work behavior. This study applied structural equation modeling using partial least square to test the hypotheses on a sample of 400 doctors from the health sector of Pakistan. The results of this study reveal that dark tetrad has a positive and significant effect on counterproductive work behavior, and psychological contract breach significantly partially mediates in the relationship between dark tetrad and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, findings show that the moderating effect of political skills also positively and significantly strengthening the link between dark tetrad and the psychological contract breach. The conclusion of this study is made an innovative contribution to the Pakistan health sector, researchers and policy makers to designing the relevant practical implications., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Research about sociosexuality, understood as differences in people's willingness to have sex without commitment in terms of its predictors, such as demographics, relationship status, or individual traits, such as personality, is still scarce. Although sociosexuality was initially considered unidimensional, a tridimensional structure-with behavior, attitudes, and desire as its components-is gaining momentum in the literature nowadays. The present study proposes to develop different predictive models for each dimension, examining the role of personality (i.e., the "Big Five" and the "Dark Tetrad") and sociodemographic variables. Participants were 991 university students from a Spanish university (75.5% women, 72.0% heterosexual, M age = 20.66). Our results provide evidence that predictors of sociosexuality vary depending on the dimension under analysis. Being female, older, not having a heterosexual orientation, and not being involved in a current relationship predicted higher scores in sociosexual behavior and attitudes. Regarding personality, psychopathy and extraversion were the only traits involved in all three components of sociosexuality. Neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness also play a role in the prediction of some of the sociosexuality dimensions. These results help to disentangle the relationship between personality and sociosexuality and to design more effective programs and policies to promote sexual health.

Objective: This research seeks to clarify the association between online trolling and sadistic personality, and to provide evidence that the reward and rationalization processes at work in sadism are likewise manifest in online trolling., Method: Online respondents (community adults and university students; total N = 1,715) completed self-report measures of personality and trolling behavior. They subsequently engaged in one of two judgment tasks. In Study 1, respondents viewed stimuli depicting scenes of emotional/physical suffering and provided ratings of (a) perceived pain intensity and (b) pleasure experienced while viewing the photos. In Study 2, the iTroll questionnaire was developed and validated. It was then administered alongside a moral judgment task., Results: Across both studies, online trolling was strongly associated with a sadistic personality profile. Moreover, sadism and trolling predicted identical patterns of pleasure and harm minimization. The incremental contribution of sadism was sustained even when controlling for broader antisocial tendencies (i.e., the Dark Triad, callous-unemotionality, and trait aggression)., Conclusions: Results confirm that online trolling is motivated (at least in part) by sadistic tendencies. Coupled with effective rationalization mechanisms, sadistic pleasure can be consummated in such everyday behaviors as online trolling., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: The Dark Tetrad traits (subclinical psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and everyday sadism) have interpersonal consequences. At present, however, how these traits are associated with the accuracy and positivity of first impressions is not well understood. The present article addresses three primary questions. First, to what extent are perceiver levels of Dark Tetrad traits associated with differing levels of perceptive accuracy? Second, to what extent are target levels of Dark Tetrad traits associated with differing levels of expressive accuracy? Finally, to what extent can Dark Tetrad traits be differentiated when examining perceptions of and by others?, Method: In a round-robin design, undergraduate participants (N = 412) in small groups engaged in brief, naturalistic, unstructured dyadic interactions before providing impressions of their partner., Results: Dark Tetrad traits were associated with being viewed and viewing others less distinctively accurately and more negatively., Conclusions: Interpersonal perceptions that included an individual scoring highly on one of the Dark Tetrad traits differed in important ways from interactions among individuals with more benevolent personalities. Notably, despite the similarities between the Dark Tetrad, traits had unique associations with interpersonal perceptions., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Introduction: Violence against women, particularly sexual violence, poses a significant public health concern. Predispositions toward perpetrating such acts often stem from the acceptance of myths that justify or deny these behaviours. This study aimed to explore how dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) and pornography consumption relate to the acceptance of these myths. Methods: Surveying 598 participants, the research employed Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) to identify distinct population profiles, Additionally, regression analyses were employed to further explore the relationships among variables. Results: Three profiles emerged, showcasing varying degrees of acceptance of sexual aggression myths. The most concerning profile, encompassing 9.2% of participants, displayed the highest alignment with these myths, alongside elevated scores in dark personality traits and pornography consumption. Notwithstanding the three profiles showed significant differences in the acceptance of these myths. Interestingly, the regression analysis highlighted that Machiavellianism stood out as the primary predictor for accepting sexual aggression myths, overshadowing the influence of pornography consumption. Conclusion: This emphasizes the role of personality traits in influencing attitudes towards sexual aggression myths. Moreover, implications for tailored prevention strategies, focusing on high-risk profiles, are discussed, highlighting the potential for targeted interventions to address harmful beliefs and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We investigated the putative redundancy of the Dark Tetrad (specifically, Machiavellianism-psychopathy and sadism-psychopathy) through an examination of the differences between correlations with self-reported narrowband personality traits. In addition to measures of the Dark Tetrad, participants in four studies completed measures of various narrowband traits assessing general personality, aggression, impulsivity, Mimicry Deception Theory, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Results generally supported empirical distinctions between Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and between sadism and psychopathy. Machiavellianism significantly differed from psychopathy across correlations for nine of 10 traits (Study 1), 8 of 25 facets (Study 2), aggression (Study 3), 12 of 25 facets (Study 3), four of five facets (Study 4), impulsivity (Study 4), and five of six facets (Study 4). Sadism significantly differed from psychopathy across correlations with five of 10 traits (Study 1), eight of 25 facets (Study 2), reactive aggression (Study 3), 10 of 25 facets (Study 3), three of six facets (Study 4), impulsivity (Study 4), and three of six facets (Study 4). Our findings challenge the claims that Machiavellianism and psychopathy, as well as sadism and psychopathy, as currently measured, are redundant.

Malignant narcissism describes a personality disorder that encompasses five core components: narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, paranoia, and aggressiveness. Despite the extensive theoretical and clinical literature on malignant narcissism and its recent momentum in the popular discourse, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on the syndrome. The objective of the current research is to document the associations between malignant narcissism, the Dark Tetrad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism), and paranoia using a scoring procedure for malignant narcissism based on Personality Inventory for DSM-5 facets. A comparative approach was followed, using two types of relative importance analyses—general dominance analysis and relative weight analysis—to determine the nature of the core psychopathological features of malignant narcissism. The French-Canadian version of the Revised Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale was used and had to be validated prior to relative importance analyses, and showed strong psychometric properties. Results from a nonclinical sample (N = 1151) globally indicate that malignant narcissism is more strongly associated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy, followed by narcissism, and then by sadism and ideas of reference, confirming that malignant narcissism is mainly an antagonistic psychopathology. The conceptual and clinical implications of this finding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although self-control is frequently comorbid with other antisocial features, some individuals who exhibit psychological risk factors for antisocial conduct nevertheless have relatively high self-control. With this complexity in mind, the current study examined self-control as a potential moderator of antisociality/criminality features and violent attitudes using a community sample of 354 adult participants from Portugal. We found significant evidence that self-control moderates the dark core of personality when predicting antisociality/criminality, but not when predicting violent attitudes. We also found self-control moderates psychopathy when predicting antisocialty/criminality, but self-control had more robust moderation effects for violent attitudes. Specifically, self-control moderated narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Self-control did not moderate Machiavellianism in either model. Findings corroborate the notion that self-control plays an important role in moderating some dark traits of personality that are significant predictors for antisocial/criminal behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the putative redundancy of the Dark Tetrad (specifically, Machiavellianism-psychopathy and sadism-psychopathy) through an examination of the differences between correlations with self-reported narrowband personality traits. In addition to measures of the Dark Tetrad, participants in four studies completed measures of various narrowband traits assessing general personality, aggression, impulsivity, Mimicry Deception Theory, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Results generally supported empirical distinctions between Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and between sadism and psychopathy. Machiavellianism significantly differed from psychopathy across correlations for nine of 10 traits (Study 1), 8 of 25 facets (Study 2), aggression (Study 3), 12 of 25 facets (Study 3), four of five facets (Study 4), impulsivity (Study 4), and five of six facets (Study 4). Sadism significantly differed from psychopathy across correlations with five of 10 traits (Study 1), eight of 25 facets (Study 2), reactive aggression (Study 3), 10 of 25 facets (Study 3), three of six facets (Study 4), impulsivity (Study 4), and three of six facets (Study 4). Our findings challenge the claims that Machiavellianism and psychopathy, as well as sadism and psychopathy, as currently measured, are redundant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People find humour in the darkest and most tragic situations. However, there is remarkable interpersonal variability when it comes to setting the so-called limits of humour. We examine how the Dark Tetrad personality traits (DT4; Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) relate to responses to black humour jokes in online settings. A community sample of 745 adults completed the Short Dark Triad and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality inventories before rating a set of ‘black’ and neutrally humourous jokes in terms of their (a) appreciation (fun/offence), (b) likelihood of sharing, and (c) censoring them on social networks (e.g. Twitter/Facebook). After controlling for common variance, everyday sadism emerged as the strongest DT4 predictor of black humour preferences. This type of dark personality was uniquely associated with higher fun and sharing, and lower offence and censorship of black humour jokes. Machiavellianism was related to negative levels of black humour censorship and offence, whereas the opposite associations were observed for narcissism. Yet, the DT4 only showed rather modest amounts of shared variance regarding responses to black humour jokes, suggesting that interpersonal callousness is insufficient to account for the complexity of black humour interposal variability. We discuss the findings with respect to earlier humour literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humour and antisocial behaviour on the internet are under-researched. Online spaces have opened a gateway for new ways to express unrestrained humour (e.g., dark humour) and ways to behave antisocially (e.g., online trolling). The tendencies and motivations of those engaging with such humour and behaviour are yet to be clearly established and understood. The present study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the interplay between dark humour, online trolling, and dark personality traits. Participants (N = 160) completed an online survey consisting of trait scales to assess the Dark Tetrad, dark humour, and online trolling, as well as two online trolling tasks (enjoyment and ability) and two dark humour meme tasks (enjoyment and ability). The results confirmed relationships between the Dark Tetrad and the dark humour trait, and several Dark Tetrad traits were related to the enjoyment of and ability to produce dark humour. Furthermore, dark humour and online trolling were closely related. The findings also revealed that online trolls did not enjoy being trolled but did enjoy trolling, and this ability to troll is underpinned by sadism. These findings illustrate the potential dark psychological motivations for using dark humour, demonstrate that online trolling is infused with darker forms of humour, and provide deeper insights into online trolls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) is a recently developed instrument for assessing the "dark" personality traits of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. We aimed to examine the SD4's psychometric properties, adapting it into Spanish and exploring its structure, gender invariance, reliability, concurrent validity, and nomological network. Method: A sample of 668 adults (Mage = 26.36, SD = 10.64, 69.2% females) completed the SD4 and other self-report questionnaires. Results: The results demonstrated sound indices of reliability and concurrent validity, an adequate four-factor structure, and support for gender invariance. Furthermore, most of the findings about the nomological network were in line with prior hypotheses: All four SD4 scales were associated with low levels of agreeableness and antagonism; psychopathy was also related to low conscientiousness, disinhibition and impulse-control problems; narcissism was positively associated with extraversion and negatively associated with internalizing symptoms; Machiavellianism was uncorrelated with impulsivityrelated problems, which made it distinct from the psychopathy profile; finally, sadism showed a similar pattern of associations to psychopathy, albeit less strongly linked to impulsivity problems and externalizing behavior. Conclusions: Overall, the SD4 presents sound psychometric properties, although the overlap between psychopathy and sadism warrants some caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little empirical research conducted on state-sponsored extremism (SSE). Yet, SSE can be seen in society from policy to policing that can lead to discrimination and aggression. The purpose of the study was to investigate if those higher on the Dark Tetrad (D4; Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) would demonstrate more support for SSE. We hypothesized those who were higher on the D4 and RWA would show more sympathy towards SSE. We also investigated if cognitive suppression use could predict more support for SSE scenarios. In a cross-sectional design with vignettes, participants indicated their level of agreement with four real-world examples of SSE. A total of 398 participants (287 women, 103 men, 6 non-binary, and 2 who did not indicate gender) from 43 countries were recruited online. We ran a series of hierarchical regressions to develop predictive models to test our hypotheses. Being higher on RWA was a significant predictor that explained the most variance in nearly all models. Being higher on the D4 also predicted more support for SSE in select circumstances. Our findings contribute to the understanding of dispositional dynamics and interpersonal differences in the legitimization of SSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the dark personality traits. The term dark tetrad refers to a group of four interconnected traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and everyday sadism. The primary objective of the current investigation was to adapt and translate the recently introduced Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Paulhus et al., 2021) into Urdu, as Urdu translation of this measure is not yet available. This study was divided into two distinct phases. Phase I focused on translation and adaptation of the scale. Phase II was dedicated to determining the scale's psychometric properties. The sample comprised 280 individuals, including 140 males and 140 females, who were selected using the purposive sampling technique and fell within the age range of 17-30 years (M = 24.43, SD = 2.79). The reliability coefficient of the translated scale is .73. The inter-scale correlation revealed a moderate to high levels of significant correlation between the four subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the factors associated with SD4. The results indicated that the translated SD4 is a reliable and valid scale. Given the rising number of individuals, particularly youth, displaying unfavorable personality characteristics, this measure can be used in a variety of settings especially in research and clinical settings. Additionally, it will aid future Pakistani researchers in improving Urdu translation, if needed, or translating it into any other regional language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of compassion for the others' lives in the relationship between the spouses' dark tetrad personality and verbal violence against women. The research design of the study was correlational through structural equations. The population of the research constituted all the clients of the family court of Tabriz in 2022, two hundred persons from them were selected by using the availability sampling as the sample. In the data collection, the researcher-made questionnaire of verbal violence against women, the compassion for the others' lives questionnaire and Johnson and Webster's dark tetrad personality scale were used. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Sobel and Bootstrap and through SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the dimensions of the spouses' dark tetrad personality in interaction with the mediating role of compassion for the others' lives play a role in explaining verbal violence against women which in total, 27% of the variance of verbal violence against women is explained through the variables of the model. The direct effect of compassion for the others' lives (0.19), Machiavellianism (0.10), psychopathy (0.24), narcissism (0.23), and spouses' sadism (0.23) are significant in estimating verbal violence against women. The indirect effect of Machiavellianism (t-value = 2.81), psychopathy (t-value = 2.99) and sadism (t-value = 2.98) of spouses with the mediation of compassion for the others' lives on the level of verbal violence against women is significant, but the indirect effect of narcissism is not significant. According to the result of the study, and in order to weaken the negative effects of dark personality in intensifying verbal violence against wives and wife abuse, it is necessary for husbands to be aware of the role of compassion for the others' lives and use it in solving marital, life and children issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite multiple studies providing evidence of subjective inequality and dark personality traits as predictors of extremism, their interactive effect on extremism has not been studied. As such interactions are implied in multiple models of radicalization, this research was focused on testing them. While Study 1 (N = 279), based on a convenient student sample, established the interaction between perceived group relative socio-political deprivation and Dark Triad traits in the prediction of support for political violence, Study 2 (N = 461), based on a quota sample, specified it in the context of radicalized intentions: emotional component of group deprivation (anger, contempt, and disgust) interacts with the Dark Tetrad in the prediction of radicalized but not activist intentions, even after correcting for social desirability bias. Their combined explanatory power (up to 25% of explained variance) robustly confirms the role of individual dispositions and (responses to the perception of) contextual factors, as well as their interactions, in radicalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the ongoing debate regarding the uniqueness of each of the Dark Tetrad traits. Extending Jones and Neria's (Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 360–364, 2015) research, we investigated how these traits are differentially related to aggressive tendencies and whether these relationships are mediated by anger rumination. Data were collected from 314 university students who completed online self-report measures on the Dark Tetrad traits, trait aggression, and anger rumination. Psychopathy had the strongest correlation with physical aggression, while hostility was most strongly related to Machiavellianism. Supplementary analyses revealed that anger rumination mediated the relationship between psychopathy and aggressive tendencies while also playing a mediatory role between Machiavellianism and some expressions of trait aggression. Similar mediation patterns were observed for sadism. While sadism and psychopathy were very similar, these results support that the Dark Tetrad traits should also be viewed as unique constructs even as they are intercorrelated. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extended research on men's rape myth acceptance (RMA) by examining the relative contributions of conformity to masculine norms and the Dark Tetrad of personality to RMA in 301 predominantly White and heterosexual men in the United States. Results of hierarchical regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and the Dark Tetrad each accounted for incremental variance (i.e., beyond the other variable set) in men's RMA, with conformity to power over women and heterosexual self-presentation norms and psychopathy emerging as unique and positive predictors. Results of post hoc mediation analyses indicated that psychopathy's relation to RMA was partially to fully mediated through conformity to the power over women norm. Results of correlations supported hypothesized associations of conformity to power over women and violence norms with psychopathy and sadism, conformity to the risk-taking norm with psychopathy, and conformity to the playboy norm with three of the four Dark Tetrad traits. Public Significance Statement: Men's rape myth acceptance has been linked to attitudinal and behavioral indicators of sexual aggression; therefore, it is important to identify factors that may underlie men's endorsement of rape myths. The present study demonstrated that men who conformed more to masculine norms—especially desiring power over women and disdaining gay men—and possessed higher levels of psychopathy were more likely to endorse rape myths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Evolutionary scholars have highlighted how there are two normative approaches to enhancing one's status: dominance and prestige. Several individual differences have been found to differentially predict dominance and prestige status-seeking. The four socially aversive personality dimensions embodied within the Dark Tetrad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) seem to be important in understanding the nuance between dominance and prestige. Nonetheless, few researchers have assessed these relations and it is unclear what behavioural mechanisms may facilitate status-striving orientations among those with "darker" personality traits. In the current study, 516 North American adults (Mage = 37.90, SD = 12.76; 53.1% women) completed self-report measures for the Dark Tetrad, dominance and prestige status-striving, and the perpetration of indirect aggression. Using path analysis, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, but not sadism, positively predicted dominance status-striving, whereas only narcissism positively predicted prestige. The perpetration of indirect aggression was found to mediate the links between psychopathy and sadism with dominance status-striving. Results reaffirm the importance of considering more malevolent personality characteristics regarding the different ways in which adults strive for, accrue, and maintain status. The strategic use of indirect aggression may be a salient means through which those higher in psychopathy and sadism pursue dominance status-striving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has indicated a relationship between risk propensity and the Dark Tetrad personality traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism). No research has yet been conducted to analyze the relationship between Dark Tetrad personality traits and adaptive or maladaptive identity development. Of interest is whether the Dark Tetrad personality traits are related to identity development and how these factors might affect risk propensity or participation in risk-taking behaviors (e.g., drug use). College students (N = 424) completed an anonymous online survey battery. Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism positively predicted maladaptive identity development, while narcissism inversely predicted pathological identity factors and positively predicted consolidated identity. Consolidated identity, disturbed identity, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were found to be positive predictors of risk propensity. Finally, narcissism appeared to mediate the relationship between consolidated identity and risk propensity. This study highlights the need for identity-based interventions for adolescents and young adults who may be at risk for delinquent or externalizing behaviors. Further results and their implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief report, we examined (N = 449; 50.1% men) the role of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., psychopathy, sadism, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) and Fundamental Social Motives (i.e., social bonds, status, safety, mate-seeking, mate-retention, pathogen avoidance, family, and autonomy) in relation to self-reported perpetration of cyberstalking short-term and long-term intimate partners. Women were more likely to cyberstalk long-term partners, those with higher levels of Dark Tetrad traits were more likely to cyberstalk their partners regardless of relationship context, and Fundamental Social Motives only played a minor role. Results highlight the importance of exploring intimate partner cyberstalking across different relationship contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite media attention on non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII), the literature on the personality traits, attitudes, and beliefs that predict NCII approval, enjoyment, and perpetration is limited. With a sample of 810 undergraduate students, we examined the relationship between dark personality traits, acceptance of image-based sexual abuse-related myths, and NCII. We found that 48.2% of our participants did not oppose NCII perpetration, 71.4% did not oppose NCII enjoyment, and 97.8% did not oppose NCII approval. Moreover, we found that being a man, heterosexual, and scoring higher in dark personality traits predicted acceptance of Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA)-related myths. In turn, accepting such myths predicted not opposing NCII proclivity. Our results underscore the importance of demystifying technology-facilitated sexual violence and promoting educational material that highlights lived experience and dispelling IBSA-related myths. This article may assist educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in designing strategies for the prevention of non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII) perpetration by explaining how acceptance of image-based sexual abuse myths, personality traits, and demographic characteristics are related to the willingness to accept, enjoy, or engage in NCII perpetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the association of the Dark Tetrad (DT) personalities and psychological capital (PsyCap) has been insufficient. Most of the existing studies regarded PsyCap as a consequence of personality differences and took it as an internal mechanism between personality and outcome variables. However, the exact causality of personality and PsyCap is still unclear. Thus, we aimed at proving the causal relationship (Study 1) and mediating role of PsyCap between DT and health variables (Study 2). In study 1, a total of 373 students (aged 17 to 25) participated in the 10-months longitudinal study and filled questionnaires concerning the DT and PsyCap. In study 2, a total of 858 young adults (aged 18 to 25) completed questionnaires of the DT, PsyCap, and health. All components of the dark personality and PsyCap remain stable across time. The negative correlation between psychopathy and PsyCap was the closest, followed by Machiavellianism and sadism. Narcissism was positively related to PsyCap. Primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism were antecedents of PsyCap, while PsyCap merely was the predictor of sadism. PsyCap mediated the association of dark personalities and health. Our findings uncovered the association of the DT and PsyCap and further confirmed the uniqueness of the four components of the DT, which might be explained by PsyCap. Moreover, PsyCap does link the tie between dark personalities and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyday sadism refers to the non-clinical personality trait of sadism, someone who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain or from the suffer of other people. This construct, in the recent years, has attracted more attention to researches, conducting to the development of different measures to assess it. With a sample of N = 2160 we studied the psychometric properties of three everyday sadism scales, the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SISS), the Comprehensive Assessment of Sadistic Tendencies (CAST), and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). For the three scales we found (1) good reliability coefficients, (2) adequate fit for the factor structure theorized for each of the measures, (3) significant gender differences in the trait, where males obtain higher scores than females in all the instruments, and (4) negative correlations with the HEXACO super traits excluding openness and positive with the Dark Triad traits. We concluded that the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the SISS, CAST and ASP present good psychometric values in line with the original measures and previous translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past several decades, transformational leadership theory and research have made considerable contributions in addressing factors relevant for leader effectiveness. Trait emotional intelligence (TEI), dark personality traits, and HEXACO personality factors correlate significantly with transformational leadership. However, due to overlap among measures, there remains a need for incremental analysis. This study investigates how TEI and Dark Tetrad traits predict transformational leadership beyond HEXACO personality factors. Participants (195 women, 104 men) between the ages of 17 and 36 years (Mage = 18.44, SD = 1.45) completed self-report measures of transformational leadership, HEXACO personality factors, TEI, and Dark Tetrad traits. Regression analyses revealed that HEXACO personality factors provide significant predictive value for transformational leadership. TEI, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy also accounted for additional variance in transformational leadership scores beyond HEXACO personality factors. This study supports the use of TEI and dark personality traits in addition to HEXACO personality factors when appraising transformational leadership potential. These findings have implications for screening and selection of applicants for leadership positions across a variety of contexts (business, military, education, athletic coaching, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, online dating websites, applications, and social media have become increasingly popular tools for finding romantic and/or sexual partners. Individual differences in personality traits predict the use of online dating websites and applications and also influence the motives for their use. Previous work regarding mating strategies in the context of online dating has focused on the Dark Tetrad concept of malevolent personality while ignoring the Light Triad concept of beneficent personality. Light and dark personality traits are not seen as polar opposites as they supplement each other. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the utility of both light (i.e., Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism) and dark (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) personality traits in predicting mating strategies in the online context. A total of 216 participants, ages 20 to 56, which used online dating sites, apps, and social media for finding partners in the past year, completed an online questionnaire assessing Dark Tetrad traits, Light Triad traits, and mating orientations. Narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism positively correlated, while Faith in Humanity and Kantianism negatively correlated with short-term mating. However, only Faith in Humanity was a significant predictor of short-term mating. As for longterm mating, the results have shown that it is negatively related to psychopathy and sadism, while it is positively related to all Light Triad traits. Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism were significant predictors of long-term mating. These findings highlight the utility of the Dark Tetrad and Light Triad traits in mating orientation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-consensual intimate image dissemination (NCII), or else better known as "revenge pornography" is a form of technology-facilitated sexual violence that can have devastating effects on the victim. This is one of the first studies examining how demographic characteristics (gender, sexual orientation), personality traits (Dark Tetrad), and attitudes (aggrieved entitlement, sexual entitlement, sexual image abuse myth acceptance) predict NCII perpetration and victimization. In a sample of 810 undergraduate students (72.7% female and 23.3% male), 13.7% of the participants had at some point in their life, distributed nude, or sexual pictures of someone else without consent and 28.5% had experienced such victimization. NCII perpetration was predictive of NCII victimization and vice versa. Using binomial logistic regression, we found that women, members of the LGBQ+ community, those scoring higher in sadism, and participants with a history of NCII perpetration were more likely to report that someone had distributed their nude or sexual image without consent. Further, we found that those scoring higher in narcissism and sadism, along with those with a history of NCII victimization were more likely to report they had distributed the nude or sexual image of someone else without consent. Finally, the findings suggest that the relationship between victims and perpetrators is quite a bit more varied than the term "revenge pornography" implies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the direct effects of Dark Tetrad traits on organizational and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). We also examined the moderating effects of the three dimensions of organizational justice – distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice – on the Dark Tetrad-CWBs relationships. Based on the data from 613 employees across different occupations, the results revealed that only psychopathy and sadism had significant effects on CWBs targeted at the organization. The results also supported the direct effect of sadism on interpersonal CWBs. The findings confirmed the moderating role of interactional justice but differentially, depending on the dark trait and the target of workplace deviance. Whereas low and medium levels of interactional justice moderated the relationship between Machiavellianism and CWBs directed to the organization, it did not play any role in narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Regarding CWBs aimed at other people, interactional justice emerged as a significant moderator in Machiavellianism and sadism. But, whereas sadistic employees performed more harmful behaviors toward other individuals whatever their level of interactional justice, if people high in Machiavellianism (Machs) perceived a high fair interpersonal treatment, they did not show deviant behaviors directed at other employees. The paper concludes with some suggestions and recommendations about the relevance of organizational justice in the influence of dark personality traits on CWBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies bring new forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) or abuse, such as cyber intimate partner violence (C-IPV). This is a contemporary issue with different consequences from in-person IPV. C-IPV is a complex phenomenon triggered by a number of factors, including personality traits such as the Dark Tetrad, composed of four "malevolent" qualities: subclinical narcissism, Machiavellianism, subclinical psychopathy, and everyday sadism. The Dark Tetrad plays an important role in predicting the perpetration or victimization of the resulting pervasive behaviors. Although the correlations between in-person IPV and the Dark Tetrad have been studied before, to our knowledge this investigation is the first to look at the links between these four dark personality traits and C-IPV. With a sample of 1,189 participants, we measured C-IPV victimization and perpetration rates and compared the results with the Dark Tetrad profiles of the respondents. To analyze these correlations, we conducted bivariate analysis and structural equation modeling. The analysis yielded positive relations of psychopathy and narcissism with cyber controlling behaviors. Psychopathy was found to be strongly related with direct cyber aggression behaviors; sadism was mainly related with C-IPV victimization in both controlling and direct aggression, and, finally and interestingly, Machiavellianism presented negative correlations with direct cyber aggression. Remarkable is that joining sadistic personalities increased vulnerability to victimization from C-IPV direct aggression, as well as more psychopathic traits and an increased probability of perpetration. These combinations may create dangerous situations. In conclusion, we found that both C-IPV perpetrators and victims present higher scores in the dark personality traits and gender-based differences than in-person IPV actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied how dark personality traits and social motives are associated with the number of community and dating apps used (N = 411). By adopting a multiple app use approach, we expanded knowledge on social media behavior through the lens of life history theory. Narcissism was associated with more community and dating apps used in men and women, in men Machiavellianism was associated with more community apps used, psychopathy in women with more dating apps used, and men high in sadism used more of both app types, with stronger effects than in women. Sadism also emerged as distinct from psychopathy. Fast life history related motives were associated with more dating apps used in men, though men seeking friendships on dating apps exhibited slow life strategies. Women motivated by partner-seeking used both community and dating apps, reflecting a cautious approach to online platform engagement, except for those high in psychopathy. Our results highlight multilayered, sex-specific patterns of personality-related behavior across app types. • Dark Tetrad traits predict the number of social media apps used across sexes. • Men show fast life strategies via community and dating apps. • Women prefer cautious use of dating apps unless high in psychopathy. • Sadism differentiates apps used beyond psychopathy and stated motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the links between "dark" personality traits and fertility is scarce, despite its conceptual significance – examining the links between behavioral traits and fertility is a pivotal step in analyzing the current evolution of the traits. We examined the associations between the Dark Tetrad traits (psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism) and fertility (measured by the number of children) in a sample of Serbian prisoners (N = 590). Additionally, we examined how the duration, magnitude, and versatility of criminal behavior (i.e., criminal career) is associated with fertility, including its mediating role in the link between the Dark Tetrad and fertility. Correlation analysis showed negative associations between sadism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, criminal career, and fertility. The two latter associations were confirmed in the regression analysis and extended by the positive contribution of narcissism to the prediction. Finally, path analysis showed that a criminal career fully mediates the negative association between psychopathy and fertility and partially mediates the association between Machiavellianism and fertility; narcissim had positive path to fertility in this analysis as well. Hence, the research results showed that criminal behavior, as one of the behavioral outcomes of the Dark Tetrad traits, may be involved in a decrease in reproductive fitness and thus produce fitness costs for the dark traits themselves, particularly psychopathy and Machiavellianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dark Tetrad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) are associated with various adverse and destructive social outcomes. However, the data about the functioning of dark personalities in institutional settings are relatively scarce. In the present research we analyzed the links between Dark Tetrad traits, the prison social climate (measured by prisoners' quality of life) and institutional misconduct (assessed by the number of disciplinary corrections, special measures, solitary confinements, and control measures) in a sample of Serbian convicts (N = 582). Our main hypothesis was that negative prison social climate mediates the link between Dark Tetrad and institutional misconduct. Correlation and regression analysis showed negative association between the Dark Tetrad and prison social climate, together with negative links between social climate and institutional misconduct; associations between Tetrad traits and misconduct were positive. The best predictor of misconduct was the prison social climate but Machiavellianism and sadism independently contributed to the prediction as well. Finally, the structural model showed that negative prison social climate represents a mediator in the links between Machiavellianism, sadism and institutional misconduct. Therefore, our main hypothesis was confirmed, but only for Machiavellianism and sadism as the Dark Tetrad traits. The current data reveal novel socially-aversive outcomes of the Dark Tetrad traits and depict personality and contextual factors that can be practically important for enabling the better functioning of convicts in the prison wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire setting is a significant problem for society, costing many human lives and causing great property damage. One important risk factor of fire setting observed in forensic samples is fire interest. However, less is known about the relationship of fire interest and fire setting to other variables such as personality traits in subclinical samples. In this study, we observed the relationship of potentially important personality traits with fire interest and fire setting in a sample of N = 222 students. In addition to zero-order correlations, we calculated path models and a logistic regression including all predictor variables. From the Dark Tetrad, consisting of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and three facets of sadism, psychopathy, and physical sadism were found to be associated with fire interest and fire setting. Furthermore, vicarious sadism was associated with fire interest. The other Dark Tetrad traits and four sensation seeking facets did not substantially add to the predictions. This confirms the results of previous studies with clinical and forensic samples with psychopathy and sadism as relevant predictors for fire interest and fire setting. Our results also provide evidence for viewing sadism as the multidimensional construct discriminating between vicarious and other forms of sadism, for the distinction of psychopathy and Machiavellianism, and for the Dark Tetrad being linked to object related violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, no studies have examined a range of structural models of the interpersonally aversive traits tapped by the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism), in conjunction with their measurement invariance (males vs. females) and how the models each predict external correlates. Using a large sample of young adults (N = 3,975), four latent variable models were compared in terms of fit, measurement invariance, and prediction of intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. The models tested were as follows: (Model A) confirmatory factor analytic, (Model B) bifactor, (Model C) exploratory structural equation model, and (Model D) a reduced-item confirmatory factor analytic that maximized item information. All models accounted for item covariance with good precision, although differed in incremental fit. Strong invariance held for all models, and each accounted similarly for the external correlates, highlighting differential predictive effects of the SD4 factors. The results provide support for four theoretically distinct but overlapping dark personality domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Educational Research / Zbornik Instituta za Pedagoška Istrazivanja is the property of National Library of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Creativity, and more recently dark creativity, have yet to be studied in relation to moral foundations, especially against the background of dark traits. This study identified moral foundations that predicted creativity, particularly malevolent creativity, after accounting for Dark Triad/Tetrad traits. Data (N = 529, Mage = 20.10 years, SD = 4.55) on self‐reported creativity, personality, and moral foundations were collected. Results indicated that lower concerns for binding foundations (loyalty, authority, and purity) explained creativity, especially malevolent creativity. In contrast, higher concern for individualizing foundations (care and fairness) predicted creativity, whereas lower regard for these morals predicted malevolent creativity. Planned mediations indicated that lower concerns for all foundations explained greater malevolent creativity due to higher dark personality dispositions. Limitations and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue defined by the infliction of physical, psychological, and/or sexual harm to a partner or spouse. Given its extreme health consequences, it is imperative that researchers better understand individual difference factors underlying IPV. The purpose of the following studies was to evaluate whether the Dark Tetrad of personality moderated relationships between participants' and partners' IPV perpetration. The first sample were 109 men and 290 women (age range = 17–33, Mage = 18.74, SDage = 1.84) recruited through the psychology participant pool at a Canadian university. Results showed that the relationships between participants' and partners' frequency of IPV varied depending on levels of Dark Tetrad traits. Participants in Study 2 were 153 men and 207 women recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (age range = 18–73, Mage = 34.39, SDage = 10.96). Results showed that being female, partner IPV perpetration severity, and Factor 2 psychopathy significantly increased odds of engaging in more severe IPV perpetration. Results from these studies could have implications for future implementation of appropriate interventions in the context of IPV perpetration. It is also important to implement better education on individual differences as mechanisms underlying IPV perpetration for society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study 1 examined how personality and attitudes are related to daily pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and whether these relationships are moderated by perceived behavioral costs and benefits. One hundred and seventy-eight participants responded to scales measuring the dark and light side of personality, as well as their pro-environmental attitude. Afterward, they were notified three times a day for 7 days in a row. Each time they reported their PEB that had occurred in the past four hours and indicated their behavioral costs and benefits. Multilevel analyses showed a positive relationship between the frequency of PEB and the light triad of personality and pro-environmental attitude, while the dark tetrad was negatively related to PEB. Unexpectedly, less environmentally aware participants reported to engage in PEB with higher costs and lower benefits than did pro-environmental participants. A second study (N = 159) suggests that less environmentally aware people do not actually engage in PEB with high costs and low benefits, but rather that they only perceive their behavior to be costly and of little benefit. Overall, our findings suggest that the way people perceive their daily PEB is not necessarily shared by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories such as the psychodynamic functions hypothesis, attribution theory, and the just world theory have been used to explain different types of supernatural belief. This study aims to examine "dark" personality traits and how they link to different beliefs using the Dark Tetrad. The Dark Tetrad" comprises narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism. Relationships have been found between dark personality traits and religious belief, but no studies have examined the Dark Triad or Tetrad and paranormal and scientific belief directly. An opportunity sample of 199 participants completed an online survey including scales measuring Dark Tetrad traits, religious and paranormal belief, and belief in science. Path analysis revealed five significant relationships. Belief in psychokinesis was negatively related to Machiavellianism, as was belief in common paranormal perceptions, which was also positively related to psychopathy. Religious belief was negatively related to psychopathy but positively related to sadism. Findings suggest some links between Dark Tetrad traits and elements of supernatural belief. The unexpected positive relationship between religiosity and sadism indicate that religious believers believe in a just world where people get what they deserve. These findings indicate that religious and paranormal experience, and dark personality are avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the dark side of dancers' personality. In recent literature, dark personality traits were conceptualized as the Dark Tetrad which includes Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy and sadism. The participants in this study were 98 dancers, aged between 18 and 57 (M = 34.71, SD = 11.21; 86.7% women), who practiced different dance types (classical ballet, modern dance, flamenco, oriental dance, hip-hop, salsa, tango, merengue, bachata and Latin dances-samba, rumba) both professionally and non- professionally. They answered 13 questions from the pilot version of the list of Indicators of the meaning of dance for dancers, the Short Dark Triad (SD3) and the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). The results have shown that dancers had higher scores narcissism and lower scores on Machiavellianism and sadism compared to participants from the reference community sample from previous study (Dinić et al., 2018, 2020). Professional dancers had higher scores on narcissism, compared to those who practice dance as recreation meaning that they tend to seek prestige or status and have a need for admiration and attention from other people more than recreationists. Furthermore, a series of regression analyses showed that psychopathy is negatively related to dancers' evaluation of the dance as an enjoyable and pleasant activity. It is concluded that dark personality traits are a component of dancers' personality and one of the factors that affect dancers' evaluation of the meaning of dance. Moreover, practical implications of the obtained results related to the pedagogical dance practice are discussed, as well as the dark traits of creative personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Contabilidade e Organizações is the property of Revista de Contabilidade e Organizacoes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the Internet, many commentary styles take place on various forums, and abuse is not uncommon. We investigated the personality traits related to individuals’ behaviors on Internet forum posting. The Dark Short Tetrad (SD4) were used to predict (N = 212) three types of commentary styles: Trolling (malicious posting), Lurking (reading/not posting) and Posting (reading/posting). The results showed that Trolling co-varied with Sadism (r = .38) and Machiavellianism (r = .28). The results also showed that people high on dark traits are Trolling the Internet. Exploratory mediator analyses further revealed that various aspects of anonymity trivially moderate personality traits and behavior (indirect effects β ≈ .10). The overall take-home message is that personality traits, especially dark traits, play a role in how individuals express themselves online. This provides well-needed insight in abusive behaviors in forums on the internet.

The first aim of this study was to explore differences between male violent offenders and male community adults in Dark Tetrad traits and psychological distress. The second aim was to investigate moderation effects of dark traits in the prediction of psychological distress based on the membership of violent offenders or community adults. The sample included 142 male violent offenders (M = 40.73, SD = 11.43) convicted of murder, severe murder, or rape, and 573 men from the community population in Serbia without a history of criminal convictions (M = 41.71, SD = 15.11). Serbian adaptations of the Short Dark Triad (SD3), Comprehensive Assessment of Sadistic Tendencies (CAST), and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) were used. Results showed that violent offenders had higher scores on psychopathy and problems in social and general functioning, while community adults had higher scores on narcissism. Furthermore, moderation analyses showed that physical sadism was significantly correlated with risk behaviors in the community adults, but not in violent offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of so-called normal and dark personality traits in everyday preferences, interests, and choices is visible in different domains of life. However, a small number of studies have dealt with individual differences in dark personality traits and aesthetic preferences. The domain of dark personality traits is in recent studies generally conceptualized as the Dark Tetrad -- comprised of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the Dark Tetrad and visual aesthetic preferences. The sample consisted of 170 participants (Mage = 29.09, SDage = 10.66; 77.1 % females). Participants completed the Short Dark Triad and the Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies questionnaires, and also rated their familiarity and preference for 15 paintings with five different types of motives (religious, abstract, oriental, violence, and landscape). It was shown, based on looking at zero-order correlations that only narcissism positively correlates with the preference for paintings with violent motives. Also, a series of regression analyses were performed, which showed that the only significant regression model is the one that reflects the role of reduced psychopathy in the preference for religious motives. The first finding can be explained on the basis of stable findings on the relationship between narcissism and aggression, and also narcissism and violence. The second finding can be interpreted in the context that general religiosity has previously been shown to be negatively associated with psychopathy. It can be concluded that dark personality traits are one of the factors that affect aesthetic preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark tourism can be defined as form of tourism that is related to death and suffering and is often a subject of debate whether it is a deviant form of tourism. Previous research on dark tourism in vulnerable post-conflict areas, such as South-Eastern Europe, has overlooked the nature of visitor personalities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to determine which basic and Dark Tetrad traits are related to preference of dark tourism sites. The sample consisted of 227 participants from Serbia (73.6% women). Using a multivariate general linear model, it was found that Machiavellianism was positively related to the preference for dark exhibitions and psychopathy to preference for visiting conflict/battle sites, while sadism was negatively related to preference for fun factories as an additional type of dark tourism sites. Narcissism showed no relation with the preference of dark tourism sites. Hence, only agreeableness and honesty-humility showed a significant and positive association with the preference of dark tourism sites (dark exhibitions and conflict/battle sites). These results provide a novel insight into dark sites visitors' personalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dark triad in psychology includes personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. These personality traits are called "dark" because of their bad qualities. Psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic traits make up the dark tetrad of personality traits. Health Organization (2002), while making statements covering issues such as sexuality, gender identity/roles, sexual pleasure, establishing close relationships and reproduction, also includes some factors that affect these concepts. These elements include environmental, social, cultural, economic, religious, historical and legal factors as well as biological and psychological factors. This study, which has been conducted with a systematic review method, aims to determine what effects the dark triad and the dark tetrad have on sexuality by bringing together the studies of the dark triad and the dark tetrad on sexuality and sexuality related topics. As a result, it was found that the dark triad and the dark tetrad are reflected in people's professional, social, educational, even romantic relationships, sexual behaviors, as shown in many previous studies, and are associated with rape myths, short-term relationships, partner selection and romantic relationships utilitarianism. The findings are discussed in the light of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]