Search

I structurally estimate a life-cycle model of portfolio choices that incorporates the relationship between stock market returns and the cross-sectional skewness of idiosyncratic labor income shocks. The cyclicality of this skewness can explain (i) why young households with modest financial wealth do not participate in the stock market and (ii) why, conditional on participation, the share of financial wealth invested in equity slightly increases with age until retirement. With an estimated relative risk aversion of 5 and yearly participation cost of $290, the model matches the evolution of wealth, of stock market participation and of the equity share of participants over the life-cycle. Without cyclical skewness, the same model requires a risk aversion above 10 or a participation cost above $1,000 to match the average equity share and cannot explain its decline over the life-cycle. Nonetheless, cyclical skewness reduces the aggregate demand for equity by at most 15%.

This paper studies the impact of financial inclusion on wealth accumulation. Exploiting the US interstate branching deregulation between 1994 and 2005, we find that an exogenous expansion of bank branches increases low-income household financial inclusion. We then show that financial inclusion fosters household wealth accumulation. Relative to their unbanked counterparts, banked households accumulate assets in interest bearing accounts, invest more in durable assets such as vehicles, have a better access to debt, and have a lower probability of facing financial strain. The results suggest that promoting financial inclusion for low-income populations can improve household wealth accumulation and financial security.

Using data from a U.S. household survey, we examine the empirical relation between subjective life horizon (i.e., the self-reported expectation of remaining life span) and portfolio choice. We find that equity portfolio shares are higher for investors with longer horizons, controlling for gender-specific age effects, socio-economic characteristics, health, and optimism. Our result is robust to accounting for the endogeneity of equity market participation or instrumenting subjective life horizon with parental survival. Finally, we show that the effect of a shortening horizon on portfolio allocation is stronger for households without bequest motives.