1. Patented natural avocado sugar modulates the HBD-2 and HBD-3 expression in human keratinocytes through toll-like receptor-2 and ERK/MAPK activation.
- Author
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Paoletti I, Buommino E, Fusco A, Baudouin C, Msika P, Tufano MA, Baroni A, and Donnarumma G
- Subjects
- Cells, Cultured, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases genetics, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, Humans, Immunomodulation, Keratinocytes metabolism, Keratinocytes pathology, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Phosphorylation drug effects, Sugars, Up-Regulation, beta-Defensins genetics, Carbohydrates pharmacology, Keratinocytes drug effects, Persea chemistry, Toll-Like Receptor 2 metabolism, beta-Defensins metabolism
- Abstract
Keratinocytes stimulated by microbial organisms secrete not only a variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, but also antimicrobial peptides such as beta-defensins (HBDs) such as HBD-2 and HBD-3. AV119, a patented blend of avocado sugar, triggers the up-regulation of HBD-2 in skin epithelia upon contact with AV119, but the signalling mechanisms involved are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if AV119 was able to induce also the expression of HBD-3 in human keratinocytes. In addition, the receptor and intracellular pathways involved in the AV119 up-regulation of HBD-2 and HBD-3 were investigated. Our results demonstrated that AV119 induces a significantly increase of the expression of HBD-3. In addition, the HBD-2 and HBD-3 AV119-induced gene expression and release are TLR-2 dependent. Finally, we demonstrated that AV119 induced ERK/MAPK phosphorylation in human keratinocytes, thus providing evidence that HBD-2 and HBD-3 secretion is through the same transductional pathway. The ability of AV119 to induce also HBD-3 may amplify its therapeutic potential against a broader spectrum of bacterial and yeast strains responsible for human skin disorders.
- Published
- 2012
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