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This study explores green-synthesized delafossite CuAlO2 as a hole transport layer (HTL) in a CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an FTO/CuAlO2/CH3NH3SnI3/WO3/Au structure. The performances of the cell have been theoretically investigated using SCAPS-1D. Interface defects significantly impact cell efficiency, as defect density increases from 1014 cm−3 to 1020 cm−3 efficiency reducing from 25.3% to 24.45% in the HTL/perovskite junction and from 25.2% to 17.8% in the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface. PCBM as buffer layer at perovskite/ETL interface compensates for power conversion efficiency (PCE) losses. Optimizing parameters reveals the delafossite CuAlO2-based, lead-free perovskite solar cell achieving peak efficiency at 26.74%, with VOC, JSC, and FF values of 0.99 V, 33.43 mA cm−2, and 81.05%, respectively. This research underscores delafossite CuAlO2 as a promising HTL for eco-friendly, stable CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite solar cells, emphasizing its potential in enhancing device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An n -i-p architecture perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been suggested and modelled employing Pb free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 absorber layer. A relative investigation for WO 3 (ETL) and Mg-CuCrO 2 (HTL) with different thickness, carrier concentration, interfacial layer (IL) defect tolerance factor, impact of temperature on device performance have been portrayed by SCAPS-1D simulator. A lower thickness of ETL and HTL is quite effective to produce better efficiency. The proposed FTO/WO 3 /CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 /Mg-CuCrO 2 /Au device shows the maximum V oc , J sc , FF and PCE of 1.02 V, 37.95 mA/cm2, 71.38 %, 27.53 %, respectively. The carrier concentrations N A and N D were optimized at 1x1014 c m - 3 and 1x1016 c m - 3. After those ideals, the projected PSC device's photovoltaic presentation was considerably reduced. The interfacial layer 1 (IL1) and interfacial layer 2 (IL2) exhibited the defect tolerance level of 1x1011 c m - 2 and 1x1016 c m - 2 , respectively. It was found that Au as a back-contact could produce the highest PCE among other back contact metals. The ambient temperature proved to be ideal one to generate the highest PCE since elevated temperatures lead to reduce V oc and PCE thereby. The suggested ETL and HTL have been proved to be alternative inorganic charge transporting materials which could regulate the device performance as well as stability into the environmental atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simplified one-step recycling process for perovskite solar cells, eliminating the need for multiple steps. • Efficiently recovers valuable materials from discarded perovskite solar cells, supporting resource conservation. • Addresses the increasing need for effective disposal of end-of-life perovskite solar cells, preventing environmental harm. • An environmentally-friendly recycling approach for perovskite solar cells, aligning with sustainable energy goals. The proliferation of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has garnered considerable attention due to their potential for low-cost, large-scale photovoltaic panel production. However, the inclusion of lead in PSCs poses significant sustainability challenges, necessitating effective end-of-life treatment strategies to mitigate environmental pollution and comply with electronic waste disposal regulations. In this study, we present a novel recycling system for decomposing and reclaiming the constituent materials of a typical PSC. Utilizing a one-step solution process extraction approach, we successfully preserved the chemical composition of each layer, enabling their potential reuse. This recycling method not only addresses the separation of the toxic lead component but also emphasizes the recovery of other valuable PSC layers. Notably, the commonly used hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells is Spiro-OMeTAD, which was successfully extracted with chlorobenzene, with its purity subsequently confirmed. Moreover, the removal of individual layers facilitated the retrieval of indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass, a critical substrate in PSC fabrication. Comparative analysis of the physical and electrical properties of recycled and reference ITO substrates revealed minimal discrepancies, indicating the feasibility of reusing recycled substrates without compromising device performance. The proposed recycling technique offers a practical approach to mitigate pollution risks, minimize waste generation during the recycling process of perovskite-based solar cells, and reduce end-of-life recycling costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]