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Real‐time in vivo detection of cancer via attenuation‐based plain X‐ray imaging is proposed to fundamentally overcome the penetration depth limits of current fluorescence‐based imaging techniques. Using cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3, CPB) quantum dot (QD) scintillators, real‐time X‐ray detection of 5 mm‐sized Panc‐1 cell tumors grown in a mouse is successfully performed. The QDs are rapidly co‐synthesized and double‐encapsulated with silicon dioxide (SiO2) to completely prevent them from being aggregated, decomposed, or released; they are then conjugated with antibodies to target pancreatic cancer. Due to the dramatic X‐ray attenuation, the X‐ray signal from the CPB QDs placed under the 2 cm‐thick tissue is clearly observed, while their fluorescence signal is not detected at all. In in vivo mouse experiments, the injection of a tiny amount (2.8 μg on a QD basis) of the CPB–SiO2@SiO2–Ab nanoparticles gives rise to a bright spot at the location of the tumor. Cell viability assay and histological analysis confirm the biocompatibility and nontoxicity of the nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature processable TiO 2 nanoparticles are synthesized through non-hydrolytic sol-gel route. TiO 2 nanoparticles were optimized for different synthesis reaction-time, sintering-temperature, and Nb-doping. The perovskite solar cell fabricated with optimal 3% Nb-doped TiO 2 showed an impressive PCEs of 18.97% and 13.51% on rigid glass and flexible plastic substrates, respectively. The complete process of TiO 2 NPs synthesis and PSC device fabrication take place at temperature ≤100 °C in ambient condition. • LT-TiO 2 NPs were optimized for different synthesis reaction-time, sintering temperature, and Nb-doping. • The complete PSC device fabrication takes place at temperature ≤100 °C in ambient conditions. • PSCs fabricated with optimal 3% Nb-doped TiO 2 delivered high PCE of 18.97%. For developing low-temperature processed electron-transporting layer in perovskite solar cells, titanium oxide (TiO 2) nanoparticle was synthesized through the non-hydrolytic sol-gel route. TiO 2 nanoparticles showed uniform film coverage, high transparency in the visible region with wide optical bandgap, and high electrical conductivity after systematically optimizing the synthetic reaction time, the thermal annealing temperature, and the concentration of Nb doping. When TiO 2 nanoparticle was introduced as an electron-transporting layer through low-temperature deposition process, the perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient conditions showed high efficiencies of 18.97% and 13.51% on the rigid glass and the flexible plastic substrate, respectively. An impressively high open circuit voltage of 1.17 V and short circuit current density of 22.21 mA cm−2 were achieved due to the well aligned work function and better electrical conductivity of Nb-doped LT-TiO 2 layer. Importantly, solar cells fabricated with TiO 2 nanoparticle showed high thermal stability, negligible hysteresis, and reduced charge recombination loss at electron-transporting layer/perovskite interfaces. This study shows that TiO 2 nanoparticle can be obtained through the low cost and facile synthesis and has high potential as an electron-transporting layer for low-temperature processable perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]