379 results on '"perméabilité"'
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2. Silis Kumu Hazırlama ve Termik Santrallerden Kaynaklanan Sanayi Atıkların Yeniden Değerlendirilebilirliğinin Araştırılması.
- Author
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Ören, Serkan and Kocabaş, Sefa
- Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Farklı kür sıcaklıkları ve kür koşullarının ince taneli çimento ile enjeksiyon yapılmış kum zeminlerin permeabilite katsayısına etkisi.
- Author
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Avcı, Eyübhan, Deveci, Emre, and Gökçe, Aydın
- Subjects
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GROUT (Mortar) , *RHEOLOGY , *SPECIFIC gravity , *PERMEABILITY , *AIR sampling , *CURING - Abstract
In this experimental study, the effect of different curing temperatures and different curing conditions on the permeability coefficient of the microfine cement grouted sand was investigated. The experiments started with the determination of the rheological properties of the microfine cement suspensions prepared with different Water/Cement (W/C) ratios. After determining the rheological properties, injection experiments were carried out on sand samples prepared in different gradations and 30% relative densities with microfine cement suspensions with W/C ratios of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.5. Falling head permeability tests were carried out on days 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 120 by keeping the samples that are successful in injection at different curing temperatures and different curing conditions. While the permeability coefficients of the samples injected with microfine cement and kept in the wet cured decreased with time, the permeability coefficients of the samples kept in the air dried increased with time. Increasing the temperature increased the permeability coefficient of the samples kept in the wet cured, while reducing the permeability coefficient of the samples kept in the air dried. The permeability coefficients of the samples that were injected with microfine cement and kept in the air dried were higher than the permeability coefficients of the samples that were kept in the wet cured. Experimental studies have shown that different curing time and temperature affect the permeability coefficient of the injected sand samples with microfine cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Relationships Between DCE-MRI, DWI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT Parameters with Tumor Grade and Stage in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
- Author
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Bülbül, Hande Melike, Bülbül, Ogün, Sarıoğlu, Sülen, Özdoğan, Özhan, Doğan, Ersoy, and Karabay, Nuri
- Subjects
- *
CONTRAST-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *TUMOR grading , *POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography , *COMPUTED tomography , *TUMOR classification - Abstract
Objectives: Properties of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as cellularity, vascularity, and glucose metabolism interact with each other. This study aimed to investigate the associations between diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with HNSCC. Methods: Fourteen patients who were diagnosed with HNSCC were investigated using DCE-MRI, DCE, and 18fluoride-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and evaluated retrospectively. Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and initial area under the curve (iAUC) parameters from DCE-MRI, ADCmax, ADCmean, and ADCmin parameters from DWI, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) parameters from PET were obtained. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze associations between these parameters. In addition, these parameters were grouped according to tumor grade and T and N stages, and the difference between the groups was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Correlations at varying degrees were observed in the parameters investigated. ADCmean moderately correlated with Ve (p=0.035; r=0.566). Ktrans inversely correlated with SUVmax (p=0.017; r=-0.626). iAUC inversely correlated with SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG, and MTV (p<0.05, r=-0.700). MTV (40% threshold) was significantly higher in T4 tumors than in T1-3 tumors (p=0.020). No significant difference was found in the grouping made according to tumor grade and N stage in terms of these parameters. Conclusion: Tumor cellularity, vascular permeability, and glucose metabolism had significant correlations at different degrees. Furthermore, MTV may be useful in predicting T4 tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fracture and permeability of concrete and rocks.
- Author
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Pijaudier-Cabot, Gilles
- Subjects
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ROCK permeability , *CONTINUUM damage mechanics , *CONCRETE fractures , *DAMAGE models , *FLUID control - Abstract
Continuum Damage Mechanics provides a framework for the description of the mechanical response of concrete and rocks which encompasses distributed micro-cracking, macro-crack initiation, and then its propagation. In order to achieve a consistent setting, an internal length needs to be introduced to circumvent the difficulties inherent to strain softening and to avoid failure without dissipation of energy. Upon inserting this internal length, structural size effect is captured too. This paper reviews some the progresses achieved by the author since the introduction of the nonlocal damage model in 1987. Among them, the early proposals exhibited a proper description of the inception of failure but a poor one for complete failure since it is not straightforward to model a discrete cracking with a continuumapproach. Candidate solutions, e.g. by considering a variable internal length are outlined. Then, the coupled effects between material damage and material permeability are considered. Is is recalled that the permeability of thematerial should be indexed on the damage growth in the regime of distributed cracking. Upon macro-cracking, there is a change of regime and it is the crack opening that controls the fluid flow in the cracked material. Both regimes may be captured with a continuum damage approach, however. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Effects of subsoiling tillage on structure, permeability, and crop yields on compacted Solonetzic and Chernozemic dryland soils in Western Canada.
- Author
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Avila, Raul, Schoenau, Jeff, King, Tom, Bing Si, and Grevers, Mike
- Subjects
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SUBSOILS , *CROP yields , *TILLAGE , *SOIL ripping , *SOIL aeration , *SOILS , *NO-tillage - Abstract
Compaction induced by field wheel traffic and dense layers in the subsoil may adversely alter soil structure, impede soil aeration, restrict water infiltration and nutrient uptake, and inhibit plant root development, negatively affecting plant yields. Reclaiming compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils with hardpan B horizons may be possible through subsoiling operations to loosen the soil to depth, e.g. ~0.30 m. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsoiling on soil physical properties and plant yield in wheel traffic compacted and non-compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southern Saskatchewan Canada. Subsoiling increased air permeability in the compacted Chernozemic soil from 4.5x10-7 m sec-1 to 2.9x10-6 m sec-1. In the compacted Solonetzic soil, subsoiling significantly decreased soil cone index to 1579 kPa compared to 2376 kPa in the non-subsoiled treatment. Crop yields (hard red spring wheat, dry peas) in the two years following the treatment were similar among tillage and compaction treatments in the Chernozemic soil. However, subsoiling of the compacted Solonetzic soil resulted in a seed yield increase of canola of ~ 1000 kg ha-1 in the first year of study and no treatment effect in the second year when wheat was grown. Overall, subsoiling of the compacted soils tended to improve soil physical properties, especially in the Solonetzic soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Trakya Havzası Kuzeybatısında Hamitabat Formasyonu Denizaltı Yelpaze Kumtaşlarının Rezervuar Potansiyeli.
- Author
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BÜYÜKUTKU, Aynur and GEÇER, Aylin
- Subjects
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SUBMARINE fans , *PARAGENESIS , *LITHOFACIES , *GRAIN size , *SANDSTONE , *PETROLOGY - Abstract
Sedimentological and sedimentary petrographic investigations of the Hamitabat Formation sandstones exhibited a huge submarine fan formation in the northwest of Thrace Basin. In this study reservoir properties of Hamitabat Formation were found out according to sedimentological storage, sedimentary petrographic and petrophysical properties of the sandstone-core samples taken from 16 wells in the northwest of the Thrace Basin. According to analyses of the lithology, sedimentologic structure, texture and sedimentary petrography of the well samples the Hamitabat Formation sandstones were separated into three distinct lithofacies (A, B, and C). Lithofacies A sandstones exhibit coarse grain sizes (0.5-1.0 mm), smooth-point grain contact, subrounded-subangular grains, moderate-bad sorting, and corresponds to upper part of submarine fan formation. Lithofacies B sandstones exhibit medium grain sizes (0.25-0.5 mm), subrounded-rounded grains, concave-convex grain contact, moderate-good sorting, and corresponds to middle part of submarine fan formation. Lithofacies C sandstones exhibit very fine grain sizes (0.12 mm<) corresponds to lower part of submarine fan formation, and nonreservoir facies. Lithofacies A sandstones have medium quality reservoir property due to abundance of cross bedding, higher clay content, less pore areas formed by secondary dissolution, low permeability (0.1-10 mD) and porosity (6-12%). Lithofacies B sandstones have better reservoir properties than Lithofacies A due to fewer clay content, large pore throat, high permeability (16-104 mD) and porosity (15-24%). According to thisstudyhydrocarbons come from Hamitabat Formation Lithofacies B sandstones in the Thrace Basin. Mid part (Lithofacies B) of the Hamitabat Formation submarine fan sandstones have higher hydrocarbon potential than its upper part (Lithofacies A) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. INCIDENCE DE LA DISTRIBUTION GRANULOMETRIQUE DES FIBRES SUR LA PERMEABILITE DES MEDIAS FIBREUX
- Author
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D. THOMAS, N. BARDIN-MONNIER, and A. CHARVET
- Subjects
milieu fibreux ,fibrous media ,perméabilité ,permeability - Abstract
L'objectif de cette étude est de relier la distribution granulométrique des fibres constitutives des médias filtrants à la perméabilité de structures fibreuses 3D générées par GeoDict®. Le domaine d'étude a porté sur des compacités de médias comprises entre 0,03 et 0,25, des fibres monodispersées comprises entre 1 et 8 µm ou des fibres polydispersées obéissant à une loi normale ou log-normale. Pour les fibres monodispersées, les valeurs de perméabilité obtenues ont été comparées à diverses corrélations identifiées dans la littérature. Si les relations de Davies ou Jackson et James donnent une bonne estimation de la perméabilité, celle de Happel modifiée permet une meilleure prédiction. Dans le cas d'une distribution granulométrique de fibres, la corrélation de Happel modifiée, dans laquelle le diamètre de la fibre est remplacé par un diamètre de fibre équivalent, conduit à un écart relatif inférieur à +/- 8 % et +/- 4 % pour des distributions respectivement log-normale (écart-type géométrique : SG ? 2) et normale (écart-type : S ? 1,5)., The objective of this study is to relate the fiber size distribution constituting the filter media to the permeability of 3D fibrous structures generated by GeoDict®. The study area covers a packing density between 0.03 and 0.25, monodisperse fibers between 1 and 8 µm or polydisperse fibers obeying a normal or log-normal law. For monodisperse fibers, the simulated permeability values were compared to values issued from various correlations identified in the literature. If the Davies or Jackson and James relations give a good estimate of the permeability, the modified Happel relation provides a better prediction. For a fiber size distribution, the modified Happel correlation, in which the fiber diameter is replaced by an equivalent fiber diameter, leads to a relative deviation of less than +/- 8% and +/- 4% for log-normal (geometric standard deviation: SG ? 2) and normal (standard deviation: S? 1.5) distributions respectively.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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9. Aynı Noktadan Alınmış, Bozulmuş Ve Bozulmamış Toprak Örneklerinde Hidrolik İletkenlik İlişkisi.
- Author
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SARI, Hüseyin and SAĞLAM, M. Turgut
- Abstract
The study was carried out considering the difficulties in taking samples of undisturbed soil. It is difficult to take samples from deep parts of the soil due to land conditions and lack of equipment. It is mostly common with the samples which the farmers take. While determining the sample points, different soil groups were used with the help of soil maps. In this study, both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from two different depths in 15 different sample points. The disturbed and undisturbed samples taken from the same points were put to test of hydraulic conductivity. Due to the fact that the comparison was done between the samples from the same points, it is assumed that all the components like organic substance contained, lime quantity and texture were considered as being the same. Hydaulic conductivity analyses were carried out at the intervals of 2, 8, 24, 48 hours according to "the Darcy Law". The hydraulic conductivity results of the disturbed and undisturbed soils were correlated and the correlations at the end of the intervals of 2, 8, 24, 48 were found considerable by 1%. However, the analysis could not be done any modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
10. Clogging of pervious concrete pile caused by soil piping: an approximate experimental study.
- Author
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Cui, Xinzhuang, Zhang, Jiong, Chen, Darhao, Li, Shucai, Jin, Qing, Zheng, Yingjie, and Cui, Sheqiang
- Subjects
CONCRETE piling ,SOIL piping (Hydrology) ,LIGHTWEIGHT concrete ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,POROSITY ,SOIL density ,ELECTRICAL conductivity measurement - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Investigation on cohesive force of ice particles in ice slurry for long-term ice storage.
- Author
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Matsumoto, Koji, Kubota, Hiroyuki, Umehara, Yuri, Ehara, Kohei, Sakamoto, Junki, Ueda, Jun, and Sato, Kakeru
- Subjects
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ICE , *SLURRY , *COLD storage , *REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery , *FOOD preservation , *PERMEABILITY , *POROSITY - Abstract
The use of ice slurry in the cold storage of foods has increased. However, ice particles in ice slurry easily cohere to each other because of their buoyancy and weight. In this study, ice slurries with different ice packing factors, supercooling degrees, and ice particle masses were formed in a beaker by supercooling dissolution of water and were stored for various storage times in the beaker in a temperature-controlled room. The resulting lump of ice particles was removed from the ice slurry, and the cohesive force of the particles was measured at each storage time. The distribution of the ice particle diameters and the average diameter was measured. The lump's porosity was calculated from its dimensions, and the permeability was calculated from the average diameter and the porosity. The trends of the cohesive force and its features were clarified, and appropriate equations to give the dimensionless cohesive forces were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Determination of permeability of overconsolidated clay from pressuremeter pressure hold tests.
- Author
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Liu, Lang, Elwood, David, Martin, Derek, and Chalaturnyk, Rick
- Subjects
PERMEABILITY ,PRESSURE ,NUMERICAL analysis ,BOUNDARY value problems ,SIMULATION methods & models ,CLAY - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Mise au point d'une solution innovante de revêtements drainants et à effet rafraîchissant
- Author
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Seifeddine, Khaled, Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Sofiane Amziane, and Evelyne Toussaint
- Subjects
Evaporation rate ,Ilots de chaleur urbains ,Urban heat islands ,Perméabilité ,Effet rafraichissant ,[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Pervious concrete ,Taux d’évaporation ,Porosity ,Porosité ,Permeability ,Cooling effect ,Béton drainant - Abstract
Conventional impervious pavements have replaced natural soils due to the rapid growth of urbanization, which causes irregularities in the natural ecosystem and water evaporation and makes stormwater management complicated. In addition, these pavements usually have a dark surface and high thermal inertia. During the summer, they tend to absorb and store solar radiation and cancel out cooling by evaporation. These pavements cause a variety of urban problems, including urban heat islands and urban flooding. Pervious concrete (PC) is a special type of concrete with a highly interconnected pore structure. The porous structure and interconnectedness of the pores allow for efficient drainage of water through its matrix and can provide sustainable drainage solutions. The replacement of conventional pavements with PC pavements therefore has great potential for modernization and environmental sustainability, and simultaneously contributes to mitigating urban flooding and urban heat islands via evaporative cooling. The main objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior of PC and to measure and quantify its cooling performance in order to reduce urban heat island effects. The thesis is separated in two parts, the first one is composed of 3 review papers which aim to examine in a synthetic way the recent research advances concerning the mechanical, hydraulic and thermal properties of cool pavements. Models have been established to accurately predict the fundamental properties of PC such as density, permeability and mechanical strength. The second part is also composed of 3 papers that aim to understand the factors that influence the evaporation rate of permeable pavements and to study the thermal behavior of PC in dry and wet conditions via an analytical and experimental study. An innovative experimental bench has been designed and set up at Polytech Clermont-Ferrand. This bench is equipped with several devices allowing to study the thermal behavior of permeable pavements in dry and wet conditions under controlled climatic conditions in laboratory.; Les chaussées imperméables conventionnelles ont remplacé les sols naturels en raison de la croissance rapide de l'urbanisation, ce qui entraîne des irrégularités dans l'écosystème naturel et l'évaporation de l'eau et rend la gestion des eaux pluviales compliquée. De plus, ces chaussées ont généralement une surface sombre et une grande inertie thermique. Pendant l'été, elles ont tendance à absorber et à stocker le rayonnement solaire et empêchent le refroidissement par évaporation. Ces chaussées engendrent divers problèmes, notamment les îlots de chaleur urbains et les inondations. Le béton drainant (BD) est un type particulier de béton dont la structure des pores est fortement interconnectée. La structure poreuse et l'interconnexion des pores permettent un drainage efficace de l'eau à travers sa matrice et peuvent offrir des solutions de drainage durables. Le remplacement des chaussées conventionnelles par des chaussées en BD présente donc un grand potentiel pour la modernisation et la durabilité environnementale, et contribuent simultanément à limiter les inondations urbaines et à atténuer les ilots de chaleur urbains via le refroidissement par évaporation. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier le comportement thermique du BD, de mesurer et de quantifier son pouvoir rafraichissant afin de réduire les effets d’ilots de chaleurs urbains. La thèse est constituée de deux parties dont la première est composée de 3 articles de revue qui visent à examiner de manière synthétique les avancées récentes de la recherche concernant les propriétés mécaniques, hydrauliques du BD ainsi que les propriétés thermiques des chaussées rafraichissantes. Des modèles ont été établis afin de prédire avec précision les propriétés fondamentales du BD telles que la densité, la perméabilité et la résistance mécanique. La deuxième partie est composée également de 3 articles qui visent à comprendre les facteurs qui influent sur le taux d’évaporation des revêtements perméables et d’étudier le comportement thermique du BD en condition sèche et humide via une étude analytique et expérimentale. Un dispositif expérimental innovant a été conçu et mis en place au laboratoire. Ce dispositif est équipé de plusieurs appareils permettant d’étudier le comportement thermique des revêtements perméables en condition sèche et humide dans des conditions climatiques contrôlées en laboratoire.
- Published
- 2022
14. Laboratory characterization of reclaimed asphalt pavement for road construction in Egypt.
- Author
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Mousa, E., Azam, A., El-Shabrawy, M., and El-Badawy, S.M.
- Subjects
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ASPHALT pavement recycling , *ASPHALT pavements , *PAVEMENT testing , *ASPHALT testing , *PERMEABILITY , *PARTICLE size distribution , *TESTING of flexible pavements - Abstract
This paper presents the engineering characteristics of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), blended with virgin aggregate for unbound base and subbase layers. The proportions of RAP were 0%, 20%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by total mass of the blend. The experimental laboratory testing included index properties such as gradation, modified Proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio, and hydraulic conductivity. Repeated load resilient modulus testing was conducted on the blends. The impact of load duration on resilient modulus was also investigated. A strong inverse trend was found between resilient modulus and California Bearing Ratio. An accurate model was proposed for the prediction of the resilient modulus as a function of stress state and reclaimed asphalt pavement percentage with coefficient of determination of 0.94. Finally, multilayer elastic analysis of typical pavement sections with the base layer constructed of virgin aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement blends showed good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Lateral spreading near deep foundations and influence of soil permeability.
- Author
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He, Liangcai, Ramirez, Jose, Lu, Jinchi, Elgamal, Ahmed, Tang, Liang, and Tokimatsu, Kohji
- Subjects
SOIL liquefaction ,DEEP foundations (Engineering) ,SOIL permeability ,FINITE element method ,PILES & pile driving ,DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Prediction and modeling of permeability function and its application to the evaluation of breakthrough suction of a two-layer capillary barrier.
- Author
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Yan, W.M., Chiu, C.F., and Yuen, Ka-Veng
- Subjects
SOIL permeability ,SOIL moisture models ,BAYESIAN analysis ,PROBABILITY density function ,SAND ,SILT loam ,RANDOM variables ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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17. Biyopolimer katkıların killi ve kumlu zeminlerin permeabilite ve kayma dayanımına etkisinin araştırılması.
- Author
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PULAT, Hasan Fırat, TAYTAK, Başar, and YÜKSELEN AKSOY, Yeliz
- Abstract
Many methods are used to improve the engineering properties of the soils. While the some of the developed methods cannot produce an effective solution, some of them are not economical for practical solution. In this study, permeability and shear strength behaviors of natural kaolin, bentonite and sand mixtures have been investigated in the presence of three different biopolymers (xanthan gum, chitosan and chitin) and different concentrations (0.25-0.50-0.75 and 1%). The results have shown that, the xanthan gum and chitosan addition decreased the permeability coefficient almost 30 hold. While the biopolymer effect on shear strength behavior is investigated, 1% xanthan gum and chitosan concentration addition provided 15-10% increase in angle of internal friction. The obtained test results have shown that, biopolymers can be used in dams and landfills at impermeable clay liner applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Vers une voie plus directe et innovante pour la fabrication des pastilles de combustible nucléaire : étude de la faisabilité d’un procédé de coulage sous pression
- Author
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Diaz, David, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, and François PUEL
- Subjects
filtration ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,coulage sous pression ,pellet ,Retraitement combustible nucléaire ,pastille ,Nuclear fuel reprocessing ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,perméabilité ,permeability ,pressure slip casting - Abstract
The closure of the nuclear fuel cycle leads to the re-fabrication of a mixed U-Pu fuel. The aim of this thesis is to study an innovative wet ultra-direct route combining separation and shaping steps.The influence of the particle size distribution and particle shape on the solid-liquid separation was investigated. The compression-permeability cell allows the observation of the progressive rearrangement of the particles in the porous media. The influence of the particle size range is more significant than that of the shape.A pressure slip casting pilot was designed, built and installed to perform a parametric study on diluted and concentrated suspensions. The formulation parameters have a stronger influence on the casting than the process parameters. Considering the criteria of porosity and the mechanical resistance of the greens, the most symmetrical shape combined with a wide particle size distribution is recommended for the manufacturing of resistant pellets.; La fermeture du cycle du combustible nucléaire conduit à refabriquer un combustible mixte d’U-Pu. L'objet de la thèse est d'étudier une voie ultra directe humide couplant les étapes de séparation et de mise en forme.L’influence de la distribution de taille et du faciès des particules microniques sur la séparation solide-liquide a été étudiée. La cellule de compression-perméabilité permet l’observation du réarrangement progressif des particules dans le milieu poreux. L’influence de l’étendue granulométrique est plus significative que celle du faciès.Un pilote de coulage sous pression a été conçu, fabriqué et installé pour mener une étude paramétrique sur des suspensions diluées puis concentrées. Les paramètres de formulation influencent plus fortement le coulage que les paramètres de procédé. Sur la base de critères de porosité et de résistance mécanique du cru, c’est le faciès le plus symétrique avec la dispersion granulométrique la plus étalée qui est recommandé pour la fabrication de pastilles résistantes.
- Published
- 2021
19. Hydraulic behaviour of parallel fibres under longitudinal flow: a numerical treatment.
- Author
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Nguyen, Thanh Trung and Indraratna, Buddhima
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,PERMEABILITY ,FLUID mechanics - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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20. Radioactive Permeability Studies of Doxycycline Hyclate from Microemulsion and Solution.
- Author
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ILEM-OZDEMIR, Derya, GUNDOGDU, Evren, EKINCI, Meliha, and ASIKOGLU, Makbule
- Subjects
- *
ANTIBACTERIAL agents , *MICROEMULSIONS , *PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Doxycycline Hyclate (DOX) is an antibacterial drug which is member of the second tetracycline group and the absorption of DOX is reduced about 20% in the presence of skimmed milk. Therefore new drug delivery system can be advisable for DOX to reduce the food and drug interaction and improve the bioavailability. The aim of the present study is to prepare a microemulsion system of DOX which could result in reducing in food interaction and an improvement of oral bioavailability by increasing the drug's permeability. For this purposes, DOX was radiolabeled with 99mTc. Radiochemical purity was determined with radioactive thin layer chromatography (RTLC) studies. Permeability of DOX from 99mTc-DOX solution (99mTc-DOX-S) and 99mTc-DOX loaded microemulsion (99mTc-DOX-M) was investigated with in vitro cell culture studies by using human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The radioactivity of 99mTc-DOX-M for the apical to basolateral direction (Papp (A→B)) and basolateral to apical direction (Papp (B→A)) were found higher than 99mTc-DOX-S. Based on the in vitro cell culture studies, this dosage form is a promising formulation as an alternative for oral drug delivery of DOX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Design and characterization of flat membrane supports elaborated from kaolin and aluminum powders.
- Author
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Issaoui, Mansour, Limousy, Lionel, Lebeau, Bénédicte, Bouaziz, Jamel, and Fourati, Mohieddine
- Subjects
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ARTIFICIAL membranes , *KAOLIN , *ALUMINUM powder , *CERAMIC to metal bonding , *MECHANICAL loads - Abstract
Porous flat ceramic-metal composite (Cermet) membrane supports were elaborated from kaolin and aluminum powder mixtures by the press drying–sintering process. The evolution of structure and surface properties was followed by water permeation, tensile strength, mercury porosimetry, surface charge and contact angle measurements. These characterizations have demonstrated that the addition of aluminum to the kaolin matrix has a beneficial effect on the membrane support properties. In particular, the water permeability and mechanical strength increased gradually in the presence of aluminum. In addition, the hydrophilicity of the cermet supports was found to increase gradually with the aluminum load. However, the surface charge was not affected by the aluminum introduced into the cermet composition. Filtration experiments were carried out with the support containing 4% wt of aluminum. The results have indicated that this support could be used to purify dye-containing water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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22. Republication de : Filagrin and allergy.
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Bouchaud, G.
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- 2022
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23. Food packaging permeability and composition dataset dedicated to text-mining
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Martin Lentschat, Patrice Buche, Juliette Dibie-Barthelemy, Luc Menut, Mathieu Roche, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay, Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and IDEX/I-SITE MUSE2 Univ. Montpellier (France)
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Component ,Science (General) ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Quantity ,Fouille de textes ,Permeability ,Q1-390 ,Food packaging ,ontologie ,Data Article ,Perméabilité ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Analyse de données ,Ontology ,Natural language processing ,[INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web ,fouille de données ,C30 - Documentation et information ,Q80 - Conditionnement ,Conditionnement des aliments - Abstract
International audience; This dataset is composed of symbolic and quantitative entities concerning food packaging composition and gas permeability. It was created from 50 scientific articles in English registered in html format from several international journals on the ScienceDirect website. The files were annotated independently by three experts on a WebAnno server. The aim of the annotation task was to recognize all entities related to packaging permeability measures and packaging composition. This annotation task is driven by an Ontological and Terminological Resource (OTR). An annotation guideline was designed in a collective and iterative approach involving the annotators. This dataset can be used to train or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) approaches in experimental fields, such as specialized entity recognition (e.g. terms and variations, units of measure, complex numerical values) or sentence level binary relation (e.g. value to unit, term to acronym).
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- 2021
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24. Permeability of lime- and cement-treated clayey soils.
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Quang, Nguyen Duy and Chai, Jin Chun
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SOIL permeability ,CLAY soils ,LIME (Minerals) ,CEMENT ,POROSIMETERS ,POZZOLANIC reaction ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,SOIL structure - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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25. Enhancing low-frequency induction heating effect of ferromagnetic composites : Toward medical applications
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Xiang, Ziyin, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité (LGEF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Lyon, Benjamin Ducharne, Minh-Quyen Le, and STAR, ABES
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Magnetic behavior ,Transfert thermique ,Additive Manufacturing ,Matériaux ,Comportement magnétique ,Composite ,Matériau ferromagnétique ,[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Application médicale ,Matrice polymère ,Permeability ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Magnétophorèse ,Heat transfer ,Low-Frequency induction heating ,Materials ,Méthode basse fréquence ,Perméabilité ,Fabrication additive ,Traitement des matériaux ,Polymer matrix ,Chauffage par induction base fréquence ,Low frequency method ,Modélisation ,Treatment of materials ,Ferromagnetic materials ,Modelisation ,Medical applications - Abstract
Ferromagnetic composites, polymer matrix mixed with ferromagnetic particles show good potential in medical applications. In this thesis, we especially focus on the Low Frequency Induction Heating (LFIH) of ferromagnetic catheters as an alternative process for varicose veins ablation. The LFIH effect appears as soon as the composite is exposed to an alternating magnetic field. This phenomenon is mainly due to the so-called "microscopic" eddy currents generated by the magnetic domain wall motions. By inserting the catheter through a damaged varicose vein, and exciting it with a low frequency, high amplitude magnetic field, it is conceivable to reach a temperature high enough to properly heal the damaged area without injuring the surrounding healthy ones. Compared to the existing treatments, the LFIH method is accurate, cost competitive and simple. By transferring heat in a non-conductive way, the catheter bulkiness is reduced and the method is applicable even in tortuous veins. Ferromagnetic composites with different shapes and particle volume fractions were built and tested in a specific experimental bench. Different parameters (frequency, particle fraction …) were analyzed to reach the best thermal answer. The physical properties (permeability, electrical and thermal conductivities) were also characterized. A Comsol® model combining ferromagnetic behavior and thermal transfer properties was designed to improve the understanding of the phenomena. For a better efficiency, specimens with anisotropic magnetic behaviors were built by curing them under the influence of a static magnetic field. Finally, a commercial extrusion-type 3D printer was used to print samples with catheter shapes. Isotropic and anisotropic specimens were built. Interesting LFIH behavior were observed and for the later ones directional answers potentially interesting in alternative medical applications like the electromagnetic tracking (surgery navigation)., Les composites ferromagnétiques, matrices polymères renforcées de particules ferromagnétiques présentent un potentiel intéressant dans de nombreuses applications médicales. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons particulièrement autour du Chauffage par Induction Basse Fréquence (CIBF) de cathéters ferromagnétiques, une méthode alternative pour l'ablation des varices. L'effet CIBF apparaît dès lors que le composite est exposé à un champ magnétique alternatif. Ce phénomène est principalement dû aux courants de Foucault dits "microscopiques" générés par les mouvements des parois des domaines magnétiques. En introduisant le cathéter à travers la varice endommagée et en l'excitant par un champ magnétique basse fréquence, haute amplitude, il est concevable d'atteindre une température suffisamment élevée pour guérir correctement la zone endommagée sans perturber les zones saines environnantes. Par comparaison aux traitements existants, la méthode CIBF est précise, économique et simple. En transférant la chaleur sans conduction, l'encombrement du cathéter est réduit et le procédé semble applicable même pour des veines très sinueuses. Des composites ferromagnétiques de différentes formes et fractions volumiques ont été fabriqués et testés grâce à un dispositif expérimental dédié. Différents paramètres (fréquence, pourcentage de particules…) ont été analysés afin d’établir la combinaison présentant la meilleure réponse thermique. Les propriétés physiques (perméabilité, conductivités électrique et thermique) ont également été caractérisées. Un modèle Comsol® combinant comportement ferromagnétique et thermique a été conçu afin d’améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes. Pour améliorer la conversion, des échantillons anisotropes ont été développés en imposant un champ magnétique statique dans la phase de solidification. Finalement, une imprimante 3D de type extrusion a été utilisée pour imprimer des échantillons de formes proches de celle d’un cathéter. Des spécimens isotropes et anisotropes ont été imprimés. Les réponses CIBF distinctes et marquées entre les différentes directions testées chez les échantillons anisotropes ouvrent la voie à d’autres applications médicales comme le suivi électromagnétique (navigation chirurgicale).
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- 2021
26. Simulation haute performance des suspensions de fibres courtes pour les procédés de fabrication de composites
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Aissa, Nesrine, Institut de Calcul Intensif (ICI), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), École centrale de Nantes, and Luisa Alexandra Rocha da Silva
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Génération de microstructures ,Perméabilité ,Domain immersion ,Calcul HPC ,HPC calculation ,Suspensions de fibres ,Fiber suspensions ,Immersion de domaines ,Adaptation de maillage ,Microstructures generation ,Mesh adaptation ,Permeability ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] - Abstract
Flow of fiber suspensions is a major factor in the manufacturing process of discontinuous fiber composites, and which determines the characteristics of the resulting parts. To the present date, studying such problematic presents a challenge. In this thesis, we propose to use high performance computing tools in order to establish numerical simulation protocols allowing a better understanding of some critical aspects related to the issue. First, we present an Octree optimized numerical method to generate virtual isotropic and oriented discontinuous fibers microstructure. This has been achieved by developing a modified RSA algorithm based on no collisions and using particles of cylindrical shape. As a result, samples containing millions of fibers are quickly generated. Once this is done, flow through those microstructures is simulated using a stabilized finite element method associated with a multi-domain formulation. The computational domain is constituted of a unique anisotropic adapted mesh that encloses the different phases implicitly described by level-set functions. Two mains studies are carried: considering firstly a static fibrous architecture and secondly a dynamic fibers evolution. For the static case, an averaging method is applied, and permeability is determined by Darcy’s law. For the dynamic case, we present the evolution of a set of fibers within a Newtonian shear flow. Two approaches are tested and compared, a first one with weak coupling and a second one with strong coupling.; L'écoulement des suspensions de fibres est un facteur important dans le processus de fabrication des composites à fibres discontinues et qui détermine les caractéristiques des pièces obtenues. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'exploiter les moyens de calcul haute performance pour mettre en place des protocoles de simulations numériques permettant de mieux comprendre certains aspects critiques relatifs à cette question. Nous présentons tout d'abord un algorithme optimisé de génération de microstructures isotropes ou orientées. L’algorithme adopté est un algorithme de type adsorption séquentielle aléatoire (ASA) permettant de placer des fibres cylindriques sans collisions. Cet algorithme a été implémenté en séquentiel dans un premier temps, un algorithme de type Octree lui a été associé dans un deuxième temps, et finalement, il a été parallélisé. Par conséquent, une accélération importante est obtenue et des microstructures contenant des millions de fibres sont générées. Par la suite, l'écoulement à travers ces structures est simulé en utilisant une méthode d'éléments finis stabilisés associée à une formulation multi-domaine. Le domaine de calcul est constitué d’un maillage unique adapté autour des différentes phases implicitement décrites par des fonctions caractéristiques. Deux études principales sont menées: en considérant d'abord une architecture fibreuse statique et ensuite, une évolution dynamique des fibres. Pour le cas statique, une méthode d’homogénéisation est appliquée et la perméabilité est déterminée par la loi de Darcy. Pour le cas dynamique, nous présentons l'évolution d'un ensemble de fibres au sein d'un écoulement Newtonien de couette. Deux approches sont testées et comparées, une première avec couplage faible et une deuxième avec couplage fort.
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- 2021
27. Investigation of design parameters of permeable asphalt mixtures contai̇ni̇ng waste materi̇als modified with fiber additives
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Oral, Gökhan, Çetin, Altan, and Bartın Üniversitesi
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Crumb rubber ,Kırıntı kauçuk ,Moisture susceptibility ,Basalt fiber ,Polipropilen ,Nem hassasiyeti ,Bazalt elyaf ,Cam elyaf ,Permeability ,Cantabro part loss ,Ferrokrom cürufu ,Glass fiber ,Cantabro parça kaybı ,Ferrochrome slag ,Permeabilite ,Polypropylene ,Porous asphalt ,Geçirimli asfalt - Abstract
Şehirleşmenin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde, yağmur suyu büyük oranda geçirimsiz yüzeylerde toplanmakta, yeraltı suyuna sızması engellenmektedir. Özellikle yerleşim bölgeleri için çevre dostu olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz geçirimli kaplama uygulamaları, yüzey akışını büyük oranda azaltarak, yağmur suyunun temiz kalması ve sızma yoluyla yeraltı suyunun beslemesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Geçirimli Kaplamalar boşluklu yapısı itibariyle, çevresel gürültü kirliliğini azaltmaktadır. Bu faydaları düşünüldüğünde bu kaplamaların kentleri insan doğasına daha uygun hale getirmeye yardımcı olacağı açıktır. Diğer yandan, boşluklu yapısı itibariyle hizmet ömürleri kısa olan bu kaplamaların, performansının geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, geçirimli asfaltın daha yaygınlaştırılmasına katkı sunmak amacıyla, kaplama karışımların hidrolik geçirgenlik düzeyinden ödün vermeden, bazalt elyaf, polipropilen, cam elyaf ve atık lastik kullanılarak performansının iyileştirilmesi düşünülmüştür. Geçirimli asfalt karışım tasarımında, agrega olarak ferrokrom üretim sürecinde açığa çıkan cüruf malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Ferrokrom cürufunun özelliklerine uygun bir alanda geri dönüşümü ile ekonomik ve çevresel açılardan optimum fayda amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Elazığ Ferrokrom Tesisinden temin edilen ferrokrom cürufu ve İstanbul Asfalt Fabrikaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.' den temin edilen PMB 76-22 polimer bitümlü bağlayıcı yanında, filler takviyesi olarak F tipi uçucu kül ve bitüm stablizasyonu için selülozik elyaf kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ferrokrom cürufu agrega için bir karışım tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. En iyi tasarım sonuçlarının elde edildiği %6,0 ve %6,5 bitüm oranlarında, karışım ağırlığının %0,2, %0,4, %0,6, %0,8 ve %1,0 oranlarında polipropilen, bazalt elyaf, cam elyaf ve kırıntı kauçuk ilavesinin karışım performansı üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan numunelere hacim analizi, permeabilite, Cantabro aşınma kaybı, dolaylı çekme mukavemeti ve nem hasarına karşı dayanım gibi tasarım deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. In areas where urbanization is intense, rainwater is mostly collected on impermeable surfaces and leakage into groundwater is prevented. Permeable coating applications, which can be qualified as environmentally friendly especially for residential areas, greatly reduce the runoff, keep the rainwater clean and allow groundwater to be fed through infiltration. Permeable Coatings reduce environmental noise pollution due to their porous structure. Considering these benefits, it is clear that these coatings will help make cities more suitable for human nature. On the other hand, there is a need to improve the performance of these coatings, which have a short service life due to their porous structure. In this study, in order to contribute to the more widespread use of permeable asphalt, it was considered to improve the performance of the coating mixtures by using basalt fiber polypropylene, glass fiber and crumb rubber without compromising the hydraulic permeability level. The slag material released during the ferrochrome production process was used as aggregate in the permeable asphalt mixture design. With the recycling of ferrochrome slag in an area suitable for its properties, optimum benefit is aimed in economic and environmental terms. In the study, besides the ferrochrome slag obtained from Elazığ Ferrochrome Plant and polymer bituminous binder (PMB 76-22), F-type fly ash as filler addition and cellulosic fiber for bitumen stabilization were used. In the study, a mixture design was carried out for ferrochrome slag aggregate. The effects of the addition of polypropylene, basalt fiber, glass fiber and crumb rubber at the rates of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1,0% of mixture weight on the blend performance at 6.0% and 6.5% bitumen rates where the best design results are achieved has been determined. Design tests such as volume analysis, permeability, Cantabro abrasion loss, indirect tensile strength and resistance to moisture damage were carried out on the prepared samples.
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- 2021
28. Impact Thermo-Hydro-Bio-Chemio-Mécanique du stockage géologique souterrain de H₂
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Al Sahyouni, Farah, UL, Thèses, and Géotechnologies pour décarboner les énergies - - GEODENERGIES2010 - ANR-10-IEED-0008 - IEED - VALID
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Perméabilité ,Bacteria ,Milieux poreux ,Porous media ,Mechanical damage ,Permeability ,Rock salt ,Roches salines ,[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Bactéries ,Hydrogène ,Endommagement mécanique ,Hydrogen - Abstract
Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis appears to be the best candidate for large- scale geological storage to cover the intermittency of renewable energy. It can be stored either in salt caverns or in porous rocks like saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. This thesis proposes an evaluation of the risk of gas leakage in the case of salt cavities and the risk of biogeochemical alteration of the gas stock in the case of porous reservoir rocks. Rock salt is a polycrystalline material with very low intrinsic permeability in undisturbed zones (around 10-21m2). It sealing capacity is due to the specific features of salt mechanical behavior and gas flow in such unconventional reservoirs (Klinkenberg effect). Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking disturbing the impermeability. So, understanding the complex relationship between permeability evolution and the mechanical and thermal solicitations is important to survey any possible risk of leakage. So, we performed a complete set of laboratory experiments on a rock salt specimen (MDPA in the East region of France). The porosity of the studied rock salt is very low (~1%) and the initial permeability varies over 4.5 orders of magnitude. Klinkenberg effect is only observed for the less damaged samples. The poroelastic coupling is almost negligible. Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking. Measurement of ultrasonic wave velocities during uniaxial compression showed an almost irreversible closure of pre-existing microcracks and the opening of axial microcracks that are perpendicular and parallel to the stress direction allowing a precise determination of the dilatancy threshold. Under higher confining pressure (5MPa), the material becomes fully plastic which practically eliminates damage. Under hydrostatic loading, gas permeability decreases because of the self-healing process. All these results give strong confidence in that underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns is the safest solution. In the case of porous reservoir rocks, hydrogen injection can induce geochemical redox reactions between the fluids and minerals and unwanted consumption of hydrogen stock catalyzed by microorganisms tolerating extreme conditions of deep saline aquifers and reservoirs.To study these phenomena, we developed a new experimental device to simulate the biochemical activity under extreme conditions (T=35°C, PH2=50bar, Pconfinement=200bar). The outflowing gas was automatically sampled with a HP-LP valve and the concentration was measured with a micro-gas chromatograph to quantify any change due to hydrogen bio-consumption. We chose to work on the Vosges sandstone where we incubate the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria that reduce iron in the presence of hydrogen to produce energy. Its metabolism and performance as hydrogenotrophic bacteria were first tested in batch conditions on a rock powder. Results showed that this type of bacteria can reduce the iron present in the medium using endogenous sources of electrons first then hydrogen in the medium but preferentially dissolved hydrogen. Under triaxial conditions, the bacterial activity doesn’t seem to have a significant impact, whatever the initial hydrogen concentration (70% or 5%) and the sampling frequency (one or three days). Many hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed differences between batch and triaxial conditions: the scarcity of dissolved hydrogen in residual water, the low exchange surface for biogeochemical reactions in the case of solid core samples, the slow kinetic of hydrogen consumption by S. Despite the remaining uncertainties related to our experiments, our preliminary results suggest that the underground storage of pure hydrogen in porous reservoir rocks is not severely threatened by the biological activity of the Shewanella., L'hydrogène issu de l'électrolyse de l'eau est considéré au stockage géologique à grande échelle pour combler l'intermittence des énergies renouvelables. Il peut être stocké soit dans des cavernes saline, soit dans des roches poreuses (les aquifères salins et les réservoirs de pétrole et de gaz épuisés). Cette thèse propose une évaluation du risque de fuite de gaz dans le cas de cavités salines et du risque d'altération biogéochimique du stock dans le cas de roches réservoirs poreuses. Le sel est un matériau polycristallin à très faible perméabilité intrinsèque dans les zones non perturbées (environ 10-21 m2). Sa capacité d'étanchéité est due aux spécificités du comportement mécanique du sel et de l'écoulement du gaz dans de tels réservoirs non conventionnels (effet Klinkenberg). Le chargement déviatorique sous faible confinement (1MPa) induit une augmentation de la perméabilité aux gaz à partir du seuil de dilatance due à la microfissuration. Ainsi, comprendre la relation complexe entre l'évolution de la perméabilité et les sollicitations mécaniques et thermiques est important pour comprendre tout risque de fuite. Ainsi, nous avons réalisé une série d'expérience sur un sel analogue (sel MDPA). La porosité du sel étudié est très faible (~1%) et sa perméabilité initiale varie de 4.5 d'ordres de grandeur. L'effet Klinkenberg n'est observé que pour les échantillons les moins endommagés. Le couplage poroélastique est presque négligeable. Le chargement déviatorique sous faible pression de confinement (1MPa) induit une augmentation de la perméabilité aux gaz à partir du seuil de dilatance due à la microfissuration. La mesure des vitesses des ondes ultrasonores lors de la compression uniaxiale montre une fermeture irréversible des microfissures préexistantes et l'ouverture de microfissures axiales perpendiculaires et parallèles à la direction de la contrainte permettant une détermination précise du seuil de dilatance. Sous une pression de confinement plus élevée (5 MPa), le matériau devient entièrement plastique, ce qui élimine l'effet d'endommagement. Sous chargement hydrostatique, la perméabilité au gaz diminue en raison d'auto- cicatrisation. Tous ces résultats montrent que le stockage souterrain de l'hydrogène dans le sel est la solution la plus sûre. Dans le cas des roches poreuses, l'injection d'hydrogène peut induire des réactions géochimiques entre les fluides et les minéraux et une consommation du stock d'hydrogène catalysée par des micro-organismes tolérant les conditions extrêmes des aquifères et réservoirs ultra-salins. Pour étudier ces phénomènes, nous avons développé un nouveau dispositif expérimental pour simuler cette activité dans des conditions (T=35°C, PH2=50bar, Pconfinement=200bar). Le gaz sortant est échantillonné automatiquement avec une vanne HP-BP et sa concentration est mesurée par le micro-chromatographe pour quantifier tout changement. Nous avons choisi de travailler avec le grès de Vosges où nous incubons la bactérie Shewanella putrefaciens qui réduit le fer en présence d’hydrogène. Son métabolisme et performance en tant que bactérie hydrogénotrophe ont d'abord été testés en batch sur une roche en poudre. Les résultats ont montré que ce type de bactéries peut réduire le fer présent en utilisant d'abord ses sources endogènes d'électrons puis l'hydrogène, préférentiellement, l'hydrogène dissous. En conditions triaxiales, l'activité bactérienne ne semble pas avoir d'impact significatif, quelles que soient la concentration initiale en hydrogène (70% ou 5%) et la fréquence d'échantillonnage. De nombreuses hypothèses sont proposées pour expliquer les différences observées entre les conditions en batch et triaxiales : l'hydrogène dissous dans les eaux résiduelles, la faible surface d'échange pour les réactions biogéochimiques dans le cas des carottes solides, la lenteur de la cinétique. Malgré les incertitudes liées à l'expérimentations, nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que le stockage souterrain d'hydrogène dans des roches réservoirs poreuses n'est pas menacé par l'activité des Shewanellas.
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- 2021
29. An Experimental Investigation on the Fill Properties of Industrial By-Products Generated in Turkey
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Irem Zeynep YILDIRIM
- Subjects
BOF steel slag ,fly ash ,compaction ,permeability ,shear strength ,environmental risks ,Engineering ,Mühendislik ,Building and Construction ,İnşaat Mühendisliği ,Civil Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,BOF çelik cürufu ,uçucu kül ,kompaksiyon ,permeabilite ,kayma dayanımı ,çevre riskleri - Abstract
Çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül sırasıyla çelik üretim tesislerinde ve termik santrallerde katı partiküller halinde ortaya çıkan endüstriyel yan ürünlerdir. Bu çalışmada dolgu uygulamalarında kullanılabilmeleri için, uçucu kül ve ağırlıkça %20 uçucu kül içeren çelik cürufu-uçucu kül karışımının özellikleri incelenmiştir. Uçucu kül ve çelik cürufu, özgül ağırlık, elek, hidrometre ve Atterberg limitleri deneyleriyle karakterize edilmiştir. Kompaksiyon davranışı standart Proktor deneyleriyle belirlenen yan ürünlerin ve karışımın hidrolik iletkenlik katsayıları düşen seviyeli permeabilite deneyleriyle belirlenmiştir. Yan ürünlerin ve karışımın kayma dayanımı parametreleri %100 Standart Proktor sıkılığında hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde yapılan kesme kutusu deneylerinin sonuçlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. pH ve elektrik iletkenliği ölçümleri ve sızıntı suyu analizleri yapılarak malzemelerin kullanımıyla oluşabilecek çevresel risklerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kompaksiyon deneylerinde %80 çelik cürufu-%20 uçucu kül karışımı için elde edilen kuru birim hacim ağırlığı çelik cürufuna göre daha yüksek, karışma ait optimum su muhtevası çelik cürufuna göre daha düşüktür. Kesme kutusu deney sonuçlarına göre, deney-sonu sürtünme açısı (ds), çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül için sırasıyla 40.1o ve 28.9o’dir. %80 çelik cürufu-%20 uçucu kül karışımının deney-sonu sürtünme açısı ise 37.8o’dir. Karışımın pik kayma dayanımı çelik cürufu için elde edilene yakın ve dolgu için kullanılan doğal kum malzemeleri için elde edilen değerlerin üst sınırı ile karşılaştırılabilir. pH ve elektrik iletkenliği ölçümleri, kullanılan yan ürünlerin korozif özellikler gösterebileceğine işaret etmektedir. Çelik cürufu ve uçucu kül numuneleri için yapılan sızma suyu analiz sonuçları çevre etkilerinin üretilen karışım için araştırılması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir., Steel slag and fly ash are particulate industrial by-products generated in steel plants and power plants, respectively. In this study, the properties of steel slag, fly ash and a steel slag-fly ash mixture that contain 20% fly ash (by weight) were investigated for their possible use as fill material. Fly ash and steel slag were characterized through specific gravity, sieve, hydrometer and Atterberg limits experiments. Compaction behavior of the industrial by-products and their mixture were evaluated through standard Proctor compaction, and their hydraulic conductivity were determined through falling-head permeability experiments. The shear strength parameters of the industrial by-products and their mixtures, prepared at 100% Proctor compaction, were evaluated based on direct shear experiments. pH and electrical resistivity measurements were taken, and leachate analysis were performed on fly ash and steel slag samples to determine the possible environmental risks that can arise from their use. The maximum dry unit weight values recorded for the 80% steel slag - 20% fly ash mixture was higher, on the other hand, the optimum moisture content of the mixture was lower compared to that of steel slag sample. Based on direct shear experiments, the end-of-test friction angles are 40.1o and 28.9o for steel slag and fly ash, respectively. The end-of-test friction angle for the 80% steel slag-20% fly ash mixture is 37.8o. The peak shear strength of the mixture is close to that of steel slag and comparable to the higher end of the range obtained for natural sands that are used as fill material. The pH and electrical resistivity measurements indicate that these by-products may possess corrosive nature. The results of the leachate analysis point toward the need for further analysis of the mixture for the environmental effects.
- Published
- 2020
30. Characterization of gas transport phenomena in gas diffusion layers in a membrane fuel cell
- Author
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Mukherjee, Mainak, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, François Lapicque, Caroline Bonnet, and UL, Thèses
- Subjects
Perméabilité ,Couches de diffusion gazeuse ,Énergie de l'hydrogène ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Gas diffusion layers ,Hydrogen energy ,Pile à combustible ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Fuel cells ,Permeability - Abstract
In membrane fuel cells, the feed gas must pass through a porous layer of carbonaceous material (GDL, gas diffusion layer) to access the catalyst, enabling the electrochemical reaction and subsequent energy production. In general, this layer consists of a macroporous substrate (MPS) covered by a thinner structural undercoat called a microporous layer (MPL) in contact with the electrode. The project here focuses on the study of gas transport phenomena in commercially available diffusion layers, which are essentially complex porous media (MPL+MPS). GDLs have a key role in the distribution of gases and the evacuation of produced water: in addition to diffusion and convection, the intrinsic properties of these layers are known to play a significant role on the overall performance of the fuel cell. The present approach relies on various sources of experimental observations to understand and characterize these transport flows in GDL in order to obtain a phenomenological formalism. To this end, ex-situ measurements using a "diffusion bridge" technique are carried out in a laboratory cell (called a fundamental cell) to estimate the directional permeability of the gas or in a fuel cell to estimate the equivalent permeability under conditions closer to cell operation. Essentially, the conditions for measuring gas transport have been modified, using (i) a single dry gas, (ii) a mixture of dry gases, (iii) humidified gases, (iv) gas flow in the presence of liquid water, and (v) variable cell compression. The results obtained on gas permeability, first through experimentation and then by using the data in established fundamental models, provide more precise information on the gas transport mechanism in these complex-structured GDLs when placed inside PEM fuel cells, leading to a significant understanding., Dans les piles à combustible à membrane, les gaz d’alimentation doivent passer à travers une couche poreuse à base de matériaux carbonés (GDL) gas diffusion layer pour accéder au catalyseur, rendant possible la réaction électrochimique et la production d'énergie qui s'ensuit. En général, cette couche est constituée d'un support macroporeux (MPS, macroporous substrate) recouvert d'une sous-couche de structure plus fine appelée couche microporeuse (MPL, microporous layer) en contact avec l'électrode. Le projet porte ici sur l'étude des phénomènes de transport des gaz dans les couches de diffusion disponibles dans le commerce, qui sont essentiellement des milieux poreux complexes (MPL+MPS). Les GDL ont un rôle clé dans la distribution des gaz et l'évacuation de l'eau produite : outre la diffusion et la convection, les propriétés intrinsèques de ces couches sont connues pour jouer un rôle significatif sur la performance globale de la pile à combustible. La présente approche s'appuie sur diverses sources d'observations expérimentales pour comprendre et caractériser ces flux de transport dans la GDL en vue d'obtenir un formalisme phénoménologique. À cette fin, des mesures ex-situ utilisant une technique de "pont de diffusion", dans une cellule de laboratoire (appelée cellule fondamentale ) pour estimer la perméabilité directionnelle du gaz ou bien dans une pile à combustible, afin d’estimer la perméabilité équivalente dans des conditions plus proches du fonctionnement de la pile. Pour l'essentiel, les conditions de mesure du transport de gaz ont été modifiées, en utilisant (i) un seul gaz sec, (ii) un mélange de gaz secs, (iii) des gaz humidifiés, (iv) un flux de gaz en présence d'eau liquide et (v) une compression variable des cellules. Les résultats obtenus sur la perméabilité au gaz : d'abord par l'expérimentation et ensuite en utilisant les données dans des modèles fondamentaux établis, permettent d'obtenir des informations plus précises sur le mécanisme de transport du gaz dans ces GDL de structure complexe lorsqu'elles sont placées à l'intérieur des piles à combustible PEM, ce qui permet d'acquérir une compréhension significative.
- Published
- 2020
31. Caractérisation des phénomènes de transport de gaz dans les couches de diffusion de gaz dans une pile à combustible à membrane
- Author
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Mukherjee, Mainak, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine, François Lapicque, and Caroline Bonnet
- Subjects
Perméabilité ,Couches de diffusion gazeuse ,Énergie de l'hydrogène ,Gas diffusion layers ,Hydrogen energy ,Pile à combustible ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Fuel cells ,Permeability - Abstract
In membrane fuel cells, the feed gas must pass through a porous layer of carbonaceous material (GDL, gas diffusion layer) to access the catalyst, enabling the electrochemical reaction and subsequent energy production. In general, this layer consists of a macroporous substrate (MPS) covered by a thinner structural undercoat called a microporous layer (MPL) in contact with the electrode. The project here focuses on the study of gas transport phenomena in commercially available diffusion layers, which are essentially complex porous media (MPL+MPS). GDLs have a key role in the distribution of gases and the evacuation of produced water: in addition to diffusion and convection, the intrinsic properties of these layers are known to play a significant role on the overall performance of the fuel cell. The present approach relies on various sources of experimental observations to understand and characterize these transport flows in GDL in order to obtain a phenomenological formalism. To this end, ex-situ measurements using a "diffusion bridge" technique are carried out in a laboratory cell (called a fundamental cell) to estimate the directional permeability of the gas or in a fuel cell to estimate the equivalent permeability under conditions closer to cell operation. Essentially, the conditions for measuring gas transport have been modified, using (i) a single dry gas, (ii) a mixture of dry gases, (iii) humidified gases, (iv) gas flow in the presence of liquid water, and (v) variable cell compression. The results obtained on gas permeability, first through experimentation and then by using the data in established fundamental models, provide more precise information on the gas transport mechanism in these complex-structured GDLs when placed inside PEM fuel cells, leading to a significant understanding.; Dans les piles à combustible à membrane, les gaz d’alimentation doivent passer à travers une couche poreuse à base de matériaux carbonés (GDL) gas diffusion layer pour accéder au catalyseur, rendant possible la réaction électrochimique et la production d'énergie qui s'ensuit. En général, cette couche est constituée d'un support macroporeux (MPS, macroporous substrate) recouvert d'une sous-couche de structure plus fine appelée couche microporeuse (MPL, microporous layer) en contact avec l'électrode. Le projet porte ici sur l'étude des phénomènes de transport des gaz dans les couches de diffusion disponibles dans le commerce, qui sont essentiellement des milieux poreux complexes (MPL+MPS). Les GDL ont un rôle clé dans la distribution des gaz et l'évacuation de l'eau produite : outre la diffusion et la convection, les propriétés intrinsèques de ces couches sont connues pour jouer un rôle significatif sur la performance globale de la pile à combustible. La présente approche s'appuie sur diverses sources d'observations expérimentales pour comprendre et caractériser ces flux de transport dans la GDL en vue d'obtenir un formalisme phénoménologique. À cette fin, des mesures ex-situ utilisant une technique de "pont de diffusion", dans une cellule de laboratoire (appelée cellule fondamentale ) pour estimer la perméabilité directionnelle du gaz ou bien dans une pile à combustible, afin d’estimer la perméabilité équivalente dans des conditions plus proches du fonctionnement de la pile. Pour l'essentiel, les conditions de mesure du transport de gaz ont été modifiées, en utilisant (i) un seul gaz sec, (ii) un mélange de gaz secs, (iii) des gaz humidifiés, (iv) un flux de gaz en présence d'eau liquide et (v) une compression variable des cellules. Les résultats obtenus sur la perméabilité au gaz : d'abord par l'expérimentation et ensuite en utilisant les données dans des modèles fondamentaux établis, permettent d'obtenir des informations plus précises sur le mécanisme de transport du gaz dans ces GDL de structure complexe lorsqu'elles sont placées à l'intérieur des piles à combustible PEM, ce qui permet d'acquérir une compréhension significative.
- Published
- 2020
32. Intrinsic and relative permeabilities of shredded municipal solid wastes from the Qizishan landfill, China.
- Author
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Xu, Xiao Bing, Zhan, Tony Liang Tong, Chen, Yun Min, and Beaven, Richard Paul
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL solid waste incinerator residues ,PERMEABILITY ,STORM water retention basins ,POROSITY ,BIODEGRADATION ,LEACHATE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Développements en IRM quantitative de perfusion pour le diagnostic de fibrose myocardique
- Author
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Louis, Jean-Sébastien, Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (IADI), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lorraine, Christian de Chillou, Marine Beaumont, ANR-15-RHUS-0004,FIGHT-HF,Combattre l'insuffisance cardiaque(2015), Louis, Jean-Sébastien, Combattre l'insuffisance cardiaque - - FIGHT-HF2015 - ANR-15-RHUS-0004 - RHUS - VALID, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
- Subjects
Perfusion quantification ,Perméabilité ,[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ,fibrosis ,Fibrose ,Extracellular Volume fraction (ECV) ,Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (DCE) ,Myocardial characterization ,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) ,Volume extracellulaire (ECV) ,Permeability ,Rehaussement dynamique de contraste (DCE) ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Perfusion images registration ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,AIF ,Quantification de perfusion ,[SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Caractérisation myocardique ,Recalage d’images dynamique de perfusion - Abstract
Heart failure represents a major public health issue in western world. It is a complex syndrome that could be the cause and/or the consequence of underlying pathologies such interstitial diffuse fibrosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the reference imaging modality for soft tissue assessment and especially the myocardium. Several imaging biomarkers such relaxation time T1 or extracellular volume fraction (ECV) have proven their diagnostic power in term of sensitivity and specificity. MRI with contrast agent injection has also demonstrated its usefulness in diagnostic of post-infarct local fibrosis for instance. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is widely investigated for its supposed ability to discriminate areas from which perfusion/permeability properties have been altered by the presence of fibrosis deposition. We hypothesized that the quantification of myocardial permeability and the estimation of the extracellular extravascular volume fraction Ve could led to a better detection of diffuse fibrosis. Consequently, we investigated the possibility of a shorter protocol for the evaluation of ECV. In this manuscript, we first present the methodological developments that allow the quantitative analysis of DCE cardiac MRI. This implied the development of a post-processing method for Arterial Input Function reconstruction, allowing DCE quantification without the need of specific sequences or protocols. A post-processing algorithm for perfusion images registration have been developed for pixel-wise parametric maps reconstruction. Data acquisition have been simulated in a Monte-Carlo fashion in order to assess the impact of acquisition strategies on parameters accuracy. This eventually led to the design of the shortest possible imaging strategy for Ve quantification. Secondly, clinical results obtained with our quantitative DCE analysis framework have been confronted to those obtained with classical ECV method for diffuse fibrosis detection. Correlation between those two parameters have been found a group of 12 patients presenting mitral valve prolapses. Permutation test on Ve distribution allowed us to show a significant difference between two groups the same way the ECV values did. The presented work describes a full quantitative DCE analysis framework that could allow to a shorter imaging protocol for extracellular extravascular estimation for diffuse myocardial fibrosis diagnosis., L’insuffisance cardiaque est un enjeu de santé publique majeur dans les pays occidentaux. Ce syndrome complexe peut être la résultante de pathologies sous-jacentes du myocarde comme le dépôt de fibrose, diffusant sur l’ensemble du tissu myocardique. L’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) est la modalité de référence dans l’exploration clinique des tissus mous du tissu myocardique. Plusieurs biomarqueurs d’IRM comme le temps de relaxation T1 ou encore la quantification du volume extracellulaire (ECV) ont révélé leur utilité clinique dans le diagnostic de fibroses localisées. L’IRM avec injection de produit de contraste a également montré son fort pouvoir diagnostic dans la détection de lésions post-infarctus. Le suivi dynamique de rehaussement de contraste (DCE) semble être une technique prometteuse dans la différenciation de zones dont la perfusion/perméabilité tissulaire est altérée par un dépôt fibrotique. Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous sommes partis de l’hypothèse que la quantification de la perméabilité cardiaque et l’extraction du volume extracellulaire extravasculaire Ve, permettraient la détection de lésions diffuses avec comme corolaire un raccourcissement de la durée totale d’examen pour l’estimation de l’ECV. Ce mémoire présente dans un premier temps, les travaux méthodologiques mis en œuvre pour permettre l’analyse quantitative DCE myocardique. Pour cela, une méthode de reconstruction de fonction d’entrée artérielle est présentée afin de permettre la quantification DCE sans séquence ou protocole spécifique. Un algorithme de recalage des images dynamiques est décrit, afin de rendre possible l’analyse sous forme de cartes paramétriques. Les conditions d’acquisition des données ont également été étudiées par simulations de Monte-Carlo et cela a permis de proposer un protocole le plus court possible pour l’estimation de Ve. Dans un second temps, les résultats obtenus par analyse DCE ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus par analyse ECV dans le diagnostic de fibrose diffuse. Une corrélation entre ces deux paramètres a été démontrée sur un groupe de 12 patients présentant un prolapsus de la valve mitrale. Un test de permutation a permis de séparer l’échantillon en deux sous-groupes de manière équivalente à l’ECV. Ces travaux de thèse proposent un flux de post traitement complet d’analyse quantitative DCE myocardique et ouvrent la voie à une estimation plus rapide du volume extracellulaire pour la quantification de la fibrose diffuse myocardique.
- Published
- 2020
34. ZEMİNLERİN PERMEABİLİTE KATSAYISI VE KONSOLİDASYON ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: ELAZIĞ ÖRNEĞİ.
- Author
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ORAKOĞLU, Müge Elif and EKİNCİ, Cevdet Emin
- Subjects
- *
PERMEABILITY , *SOIL science , *REASON , *ANATOMICAL specimens , *PROPERTIES of matter - Abstract
In this study, aimed to determine consolidation characteristics and the permeability coefficient on soils which determined the physical properties. Experiment samples was obtained by proctor test specimens. Taken from test samples on samples compacted by proctor container consolidation and permeability tests were performed. The results obtained by considering the rational based on the values of soil permeability and consolidation solution advises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
35. Use of recycled crushed concrete and Secudrain in capillary barriers for slope stabilization.
- Author
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Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V.A., Leong, E.C., Ng, Y.S., Tam, C.P.H., and Satyanaga, A.
- Subjects
CONCRETE ,WASTE recycling ,SLOPE stability ,SOIL infiltration ,PERMEABILITY ,SAND ,GEOSYNTHETICS ,PORE water pressure - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Vertical heterogeneities of hydraulic acquitard parameters: preliminary results from laboratory and in situ monitoring.
- Author
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Larroque, F., Cabaret, O., Atteia, O., Dupuy, A., and Franceschi, M.
- Subjects
- *
HYDRODYNAMICS , *PARAMETER estimation , *HYDRAULIC conductivity , *PETROPHYSICS , *WATER storage , *LAKE hydrology , *EMPIRICAL research , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
A borehole is developed in a shallow multi-layered aquifer and used to derive the porosity, specific storage and hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard. Local values of hydrodynamical parameters are estimated from petrophysical analysis of core samples, and the empirical relationship between porosity and permeability. Vertical diffusivity is determined from the response of the aquitard to a loading cyclic signal using pressure records at different depths. Hydraulic conductivities deduced from the petrophysical analysis ranged from 10−8to 10−10m s−1and are comparable with those of facies of marine/lacustrine clay observed in samples. The permeability values calculated based on diffusivity are within the range 10−9to 10−11m s−1with a quasi-systematic bias of one order of magnitude. These values are average for a larger part of the aquitard and correspond to an integrated value. The methodology retained for the aquitard characterization is discussed with emphasis on the implications for the management of a complex aquifer system. Citation Larroque, F., Cabaret, O., Atteia, O., Dupuy, A., and Franceschi, M., 2013. Vertical heterogeneities of hydraulic aquitard parameters: preliminary results from laboratory and in situ monitoring. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (4), 912–929. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Physiopathologie du syndrome de l'intestin irritable (SII).
- Author
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Jouet, P.
- Abstract
Copyright of Colon & Rectum is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Lachenaie clay deposit: some geochemical and geotechnical properties in relation to the salt-leaching process.
- Author
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Duhaime, François, Benabdallah, El Mehdi, and Chapuis, Robert P.
- Subjects
CLAY ,SOIL leaching ,ANALYTICAL geochemistry ,ENGINEERING geology ,SALINITY ,PERMEABILITY measurement ,MATHEMATICS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils: a review.
- Author
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Chapuis, Robert
- Subjects
- *
SOIL permeability , *SOIL science , *PERMEABILITY , *ANISOTROPY , *AQUIFERS , *AQUITARDS , *POROSITY - Abstract
This paper examines and assesses predictive methods for the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils. The soil definition is that of engineering. It is not that of soil science and agriculture, which corresponds to 'top soil' in engineering. Most predictive methods were calibrated using laboratory permeability tests performed on either disturbed or intact specimens for which the test conditions were either measured or supposed to be known. The quality of predictive equations depends highly on the test quality. Without examining all the quality issues, the paper explains the 14 most important mistakes for tests in rigid-wall or flexible-wall permeameters. Then, it briefly presents 45 predictive methods, and in detail, those with some potential, such as the Kozeny-Carman equation. Afterwards, the data of hundreds of excellent quality tests, with none of the 14 mistakes, are used to assess the predictive methods with a potential. The relative performance of those methods is evaluated and presented in graphs. Three methods are found to work fairly well for non-plastic soils, two for plastic soils without fissures, and one for compacted plastic soils used for liners and covers. The paper discusses the effects of temperature and intrinsic anisotropy within the specimen, but not larger scale anisotropy within aquifers and aquitards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Assessment of permeability and injection depth at the Atasu dam site (Turkey) based on experimental and numerical analyses.
- Author
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Gurocak, Zulfu and Alemdag, Selcuk
- Subjects
- *
DAM design & construction , *PERMEABILITY , *NUMERICAL analysis , *VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. , *SEEPAGE ,KIRALY utca (Budapest, Hungary) - Abstract
This study was performed in order to evaluate the permeability of the basalts and pyroclastics and the maximum depth of grout injection at the Atasu dam site, Turkey, using the equations of Kiraly and Hoek and Bray based on values obtained from Lugeon tests. In order to evaluate maximum discharge values and depth of injection, seepage analyses were performed using the finite element technique for each 10 m up to 100 m. The results indicate that to establish an impermeable zone at the dam site, the depth of injection should be taken as 50 m for the left and right slopes and 40 m for the river bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effects of tire inflation pressure and field traffic on compaction of a sandy clay soil as measured by cone index and permeability.
- Author
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Chehaibi, S., Khelifi, M., Boujelban, A., and Abrougui, K.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL compaction , *CLAY soils , *FARM tractors , *PRESSURE measurement , *SOIL moisture - Abstract
Many external factors have an effect on soil compaction, including the contact pressure generated at the soil-tire interface and the inflation pressure of tires. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of number of wheeled tractor passes and tire inflation pressures on the compaction and permeability of a sandy clay soil. Tests of soil compaction were conducted at the Higher Institute of Agronomy of Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia. Soil cone indices and permeability were measured under different number of tractor passes (one, two, and three) and tire inflation pressure (50 kPa, 100 kPa, and 150 kPa). A tractor of 59 kW with a total mass of 2,910 kg (1,715 kg on the rear axle) was used for the tests. Results showed that repeated passes increased soil compaction essentially in the upper horizons. This compaction, as measured by cone index, was positively correlated with tire inflation pressure. Indeed, the compaction was less pronounced under low tire inflation pressure. However, soil cone index remains closely related to soil moisture content. Multiple tractor passes also significantly reduce the soil permeability (P < 0.05). Similarly, our results showed that the permeability was significantly affected by tire inflation pressure and considerably decrease when increasing the selected pressure (50, 100, and 150 kPa). However, the correct tire inflation pressure indicated by the manufacturer varies from 84 to 140 kPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
42. Laboratory assessment of healing of fractures in rock salt.
- Author
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Fuenkajorn, Kittitep and Phueakphum, Decho
- Subjects
- *
ROCK salt , *FRACTURE mechanics , *PERMEABILITY , *HYDROSTATIC pressure , *STRUCTURAL stability - Abstract
Tension-induced fractures and fractures formed by saw-cut surfaces and polished surfaces were prepared in salt specimens. A series of gas flow testing was performed to monitor the changes of the fracture permeability under quasi-static loading (0.7-20 MPa) for up to 120 h. Healing tests under static loading were carried out under both dry and saturated conditions. The results suggest that the primary factors governing the healing of salt fractures are the origin and purity of the fractures, and the magnitude and duration of the fracture pressurization. Inclusions or impurities significantly reduce healing effectiveness. The hydraulic conductivity of fractures in pure salt can be reduced permanently by more than 4 orders of magnitude with applied stresses of 20 MPa for a relatively short period. In most cases the reduction of salt fracture permeability is due to fracture closure, which does not always lead to fracture healing. The closure involves visco-plastic deformation of the asperities on both sides of the salt fracture, while the healing is related to the covalent bonding between the two surfaces. Fracture roughness and brine saturation appeared to have an insignificant impact on the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. In nephrotic syndromes podocytes synthesize and excrete proteins into the tubular fluid: An electron and ion microscopic study
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Galle, Pierre and Labejof, Lise
- Subjects
- *
NEPHROTIC syndrome , *PROTEINURIA , *EPITHELIAL cells , *PERFUSION , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *CHROMATIN , *GENETIC transcription , *FIELD ion microscopy - Abstract
Abstract: Described here are the findings of an electron and ion microscopic study of renal biopsies of young children, with a particular attention to the intracytoplasmic and intranuclear changes observed in the podocytes of the proteinuric patients. In the cytoplasm, there is a considerable development of the ergastoplasm, associated with a dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and with the formation of large vacuoles containing nitrogen and sulfur. These changes are characteristics of cells synthesizing and excreting proteins. In the nuclei of many podocytes, the most striking change is a complete or quasi-complete disappearance of condensed chromatin, suggesting an intense transcription activity of the corresponding cells. The amount of the proteins excreted from the podocytes must be considered as significant, even if a quantitative evaluation was not possible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Use of self-consolidating concrete to cast large concrete pipes.
- Author
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Yahia, Ammar, Khayat, Kamal H., and Bizien, Gérard
- Subjects
- *
SELF-consolidating concrete , *HIGH strength concrete , *PERMEABILITY measurement , *FLUID dynamic measurements , *POROSITY , *CONCRETE pipe , *PRESTRESSED concrete - Abstract
An experimental study was carried out to develop a self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for casting large-sized concrete pipes and validate its performance at the pipe production plant. Four full-scale pipes were cast using different optimized SCC mixtures of various static stability levels (stable and highly-stable) coupled with different placing methods. The investigated SCC mixtures were proportioned with a water-cementitious materials ratio of 0.35. Initial slump flow of the SCC was fixed at 650 ± 20 mm. Two different casting methods were evaluated: conventional placement by bucket from the top and pumping from the bottom. Casting performance was evaluated in terms of filling capacity and flow into place, required duration of casting, segregation resistance, and surface finish. Cores were taken at different heights corresponding to 0.5, 3, and 5.5 m from the bottom of each pipe to evaluate the uniformity of in situ properties. The core samples were tested for water absorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Test results indicate that optimized SCC mixtures with adequate resistance to segregation cast from the top or pumped from the bottom can achieve excellent surface finish and uniform distribution of in situ properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The influence of litho-stratification on the infiltrating water front in a granite terrain.
- Author
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Andrade, Rolland and Muralidharan, D.
- Subjects
- *
STRATIGRAPHIC geology , *SOIL infiltration , *GRANITE , *GROUNDWATER management , *GEOPHYSICAL prospecting - Abstract
Under a sustainable groundwater development and quality management project over a semi-arid granite terrain, several rainwater harvesting structures were proposed based on geophysical investigations in the study area. In order to validate the site suitability and check the efficacy of the recommended recharge structures in terms of source sustainability, certain hydrological tests, such as infiltration studies, were conducted within the recharge area of these structures. Infiltration rate estimation using a double-ring infiltrometer normally results in an exponential decay relationship with high initial infiltration rate followed by gradual reduction until, ultimately, a stabilized rate is attained. In this paper, we present the results of infiltration tests conducted using a doublering infiltrometer (under constant head condition) within the tank bed area of a proposed percolation tank site. The results showed unique features in the infiltration rate at different time intervals within the total experimental period: a staircase-like evolution with intermittent stabilization for a short duration. Based on the integrated approach of geophysical investigations, hydrological tests, and supported by physical evidence, the infiltration behaviour observed over the study area was considered to be due to the lithological stratification with different permeability and textural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Analytical solutions for protective filters based on soil-retention and permeability criteria with respect to the phenomenon of soil boiling.
- Author
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Srivastava, Amit and Sivakumar Babu, G.L.
- Subjects
SOIL permeability ,SEEPAGE ,HYDRAULICS ,SAFETY factor in engineering ,PARTICLE size distribution ,SOIL testing ,ENGINEERING geology - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pompage d'une nappe libre rechargée: solutions pour la charge hydraulique et le temps de transfert.
- Author
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Chapuis, Robert P.
- Subjects
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AQUIFERS , *HYDRAULIC fluids , *PUMPING machinery , *SEEPAGE , *GROUNDWATER recharge , *GROUNDWATER flow , *MATHEMATICAL models , *BASE flow (Hydrology) , *PERMEABILITY , *FINITE element method - Abstract
Using the Dupuit assumptions, a new closed-form solution is established for steady-state pumping of an ideal unconfined aquifer that is recharged by infiltration. This new solution is complete for the two-part mathematical domain, which was not the case for previously partial solutions. A second new solution is then provided for the travel time of a non-reactive tracer to the pumping well, under steady-state conditions. The travel time integral has no known closed-form solution, but is easy to calculate, either numerically or using a simplified equation. The numerical calculation and the simplified equation give travel times very close to those obtained using finite element codes for saturated and unsaturated groundwater flow and particle tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Steady state groundwater seepage in sloping unconfined aquifers.
- Author
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Chapuis, Robert P.
- Subjects
- *
HYDRAULICS , *WATER seepage , *GROUNDWATER recharge , *UNSTEADY flow , *SOIL infiltration , *AQUIFERS , *WATER , *SLOPES (Soil mechanics) - Abstract
This paper reviews analytical solutions for steady state seepage of groundwater in an ideal sloping unconfined aquifer, recharged by an effective infiltration, when the unsaturated seepage is neglected. Available solutions are examined and compared. Their robustness is assessed with a finite element code, which solves the complete equations for saturated and unsaturated flow, thus making none of the simplifying assumptions of the theoretical solutions. An example is provided for a sloping aquifer on the north shore of the Saint-Lawrence River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Developing the ability to model acid-rock interactions and mineral dissolution during the RMA stimulation test performed at the Soultz-sous-Forêts EGS site, France
- Author
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Portier, Sandrine and Vuataz, François D.
- Subjects
- *
RESERVOIRS , *COMPUTER simulation , *HYDRAULIC fracturing , *POROSITY , *CALIBRATION , *HYDROGEN chloride , *MANGANOUS fluoride - Abstract
Abstract: The Soultz Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) reservoir''s response to chemical stimulation is assessed by numerical simulation of coupled thermo-hydraulic-chemical processes. To assess chemical interactions between host rocks and a mixture of HCl and HF as well as its potential effects on the Soultz EGS reservoir, new modelling efforts using the FRACHEM code have been initiated. This article presents the model calibration and results. Simulations consider realistic conditions with available data sets from the EGS system at Soultz. Results indicate that the predicted amount of fracture sealing minerals dissolved by injection of a mixture of acids Regular Mud Acid (RMA) was consistent with the estimated amount from the test performed on GPK4 well at Soultz EGS site. Consequently reservoir porosity and permeability can be enhanced especially near the injection well by acidizing treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Fractures, hydrothermal alterations and permeability in the Soultz Enhanced Geothermal System
- Author
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Ledésert, Béatrice, Hebert, Ronan, Genter, Albert, Bartier, Danièle, Clauer, Norbert, and Grall, Céline
- Subjects
- *
HYDRAULIC fracturing , *RESERVOIRS , *HYDROTHERMAL alteration , *CATACLASTIC rocks , *SHEAR zones , *GEOTHERMAL brines , *GRANITE - Abstract
Abstract: Borehole studies of the Soultz-sous-Forêts granite are dedicated to deep geothermics. The hydraulic properties of the reservoir are mainly controlled by the occurrence of some altered cataclastic shear zones showing a low natural permeability characterized by the occurrence of brines. Those zones show a fracture cluster organisation with sealed fractures of various types (post-filled joints, sheared fractures, veins). The main hydrothermal deposits observed within the permeable zones are geodic quartz, carbonates, illite and more locally sulphides. The fracture wall–rocks are intensely transformed: dissolution of igneous minerals, crystallization of new minerals, porosity and permeability increase. It is important to characterize the newly-formed minerals in order to choose the reagents used to improve the permeability of the exchanger by chemical stimulations. This article represents a synthesis of the studies completed by the authors between 1990 and 2008 on the fracture networks, hydrothermal alterations and mineral crystallizations they induced and data about the flow pathways in the exchanger. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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