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While estimating a cellular immunity state in patients, suffering peritonitis, there was established dependence of immunological changes from severity of its course. While presence of a local peritonitis a cellular link of immunity changes the least and restores adequately in 3-7 days, what constitute a positive prognostic sign and impacts a clinical course of the disease. While an adequate immune reaction is present, the patients reconvalescence accelerates. In a diffuse peritonitis the changes are more pronounced, especially on the third day, but a tendency towards their improvement on the 7-th day of treatment is noted. For an effective treatment of such patients immunocorrecting preparations must be applied, beginning from a 2 - 3-d days, choosed by physician. Largest changes in the immunity cellular link were revealed in patients with over flow peritonitis, they persisted or worsened on the 7-th day, caused a severe course of the disease and complications occurrence. For such patients the immunocorrecting therapy must be administered right from the treatment beginning.

The blood concentration of histamine, serotonin, endothelial-monocytic activating polypeptide II (EMAP II). activity of elastase, as well as general clinical markers of inflammation, the leucocytes quantity in peripheral blood and the average mass peptides level in particular, were studied in 72 patients with an acute peritonitis. It was established, that highest level of histamine, serotonin, the elastase activity in serum are characteristic for spread peritonitis and somewhat lower--for the diffuse one. The EMAP II level is most lowered in diffuse and somewhat lesser in case of spread peritonitis. Value of these markers of inflammation had differed concerning the peritonitis cause existed. Between elastase activity raising and EMAP II concentration the back proportional dependence was established. The peritonitis spread stage diagnosis and planning of its treatment become possible when complex considering of the inflammation mediators and EMAP II content is done together with endogenic intoxication indices and clinical symptoms severity.