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The diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions relies on clinical history, physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and radiography. The availability of these methods may be limited, and the costs can be significant. By comparison, ultrasonography is a comfortable, sensitive and economic technology, however, until now it is not widespread in Russia. An increasing number of publications have evaluated the role of ultrasonography in peripheral nerve diseases. The authors explored the clinical applicability of high-resolution ultrasonography in the preoperative and intraoperative management of peripheral nerve lesions.

The article is devoted to the history of the methods of surgical treatment of the peripheral nerve injuries. The analysis of domestic and foreign publications on this question has shown the basic surgical operations used today for nerve’s repair were developed and introduced by surgeons - innovators in second half of 19th century. These operations had unequal popularity in a different historical period. The subsequent generations of surgeons basically have improved earlier invented surgical procedures.