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(1) Background : To analyze the association between periodontal health status and daily oral health activities including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing. (2) Methods : One hundred and fifty Korean elderly people aged >65 years participated in the study. Clinical examination regarding oral health status, including periodontal health status, was evaluated, and data on the oral health activities, socio-demographic factors, and systemic health-related factors were obtained using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed the differences of periodontal health status according to daily oral health activities, including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing. (3) Results : Oral health activities including lingual and palatal site toothbrushing, frequency of toothbrushing, use of an interdental toothbrush, dietary patterns, and activity dependence correlated with bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontitis. After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of periodontitis was lower in the group where the inner surfaces of the teeth were partially or wholly cleaned than in the group without such cleaning. High BOP was significantly associated with the brushing of the inner surfaces of teeth. (4) Conclusions : Lingual and palatal site toothbrushing was associated with good periodontal health status in the elderly; the importance of brushing the inner surfaces of teeth should be emphasized for them and their caregivers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intakes of some kinds of vitamins and minerals are associated with periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of young adults. This study comprised 2049 young adults aged 19-39 years who took both periodontal examination and nutrition survey. The vitamin and mineral intakes were calculated from dietary intake data gained by complete one-day 24-h recall interviews, and the intake levels for each nutrient were classified by the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans and median values. Periodontitis was assessed using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in a whole sample and subgroups with the strata of gender or smoking, following a complex sampling design. In analyses according to RNI, a lower intake of niacin was significantly associated with periodontitis in young adults (odd ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.09-2.00) and in its subgroup of women (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.10-2.64) and current non-smokers (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.22-2.51). Whereas, in analyses according to median intake values, there were significant associations of periodontitis with a lower intake of niacin in women (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.02-2.46) and current non-smokers (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.01-2.22), with lower intake of vitamin C in women (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.04-2.64) and in current non-smokers (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.04-2.14), with lower intake of iron in women (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.11-3.07), and with lower intake of vitamin A marginally in women (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.00-2.44). In young adults, periodonitis is significantly associated with the lower intakes of niacin, vitamin C, and iron, especially in women and current non-smokers.

Background: The aim of this study is to confirm the association among oral health behaviors, periodontitis, and preeclampsia in Korean women., Methods: This study is designed as a case-control study. Sixteen women with preeclampsia and 48 without preeclampsia post-delivery were included in this study from November 2007 to January 2010. Information was collected on demographics, health behaviors, and obstetric and systemic diseases that may influence the periodontal condition and preeclampsia. Full-mouth periodontal probing was conducted by one trained examiner (KHB). Localized periodontitis was defined as periodontal clinical attachment loss (AL) ≥ 3.5 mm on two or three sites not on the same tooth. In addition, generalized periodontitis was defined as clinical AL ≥ 3.5 mm on ≥ 4 sites not on the same tooth. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using a sterilized paper point for quantitative analysis of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis)., Results: After adjusting for confounders, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 4.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 29.72) for localized periodontitis and 6.60 (95% CI: 1.25 to 41.61) for generalized periodontitis. In addition, the proportion of floss or interdental brush users in women with preeclampsia was lower than that in women without (adjusted OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.93). Pi was significantly more prevalent in women with preeclampsia (P = 0.028)., Conclusion: These results indicate that preeclampsia could be associated with the maternal periodontal condition and interdental cleaning.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults, who were involved in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)., Materials and Methods: A total of 7178 subjects over the age of 19 years who participated in KNHANES were examined. MS was defined as the definition proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the abdominal obesity cut-off line based on Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. The periodontal status was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out adjusting for the sociodemographics, oral health behaviours and status, and health behaviour. All analyses considered a complex sampling design, and multivariate analysis was also performed in the subgroups (age, gender, current smoking status)., Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between MS and periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of periodontitis (community periodontal index ≥ 3) was 1.55 (1.32-1.83) for MS. In subgroup analysis, periodontitis is associated with MS in subjects over age 40 and the adjusted ORs were higher in females and in the smoker group than in males and in non-smokers., Conclusions: MS is associated with periodontitis., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Background: The present study aims to determine whether there is an association between periodontitis and obesity among Korean adults who participated in the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)., Methods: In 2007, 4,246 subjects, >19 years of age, who participated in the KNHANES (a cross-sectional survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were selected for analysis. Participants underwent a periodontal examination and anthropometric measurements, and were asked to complete a questionnaire about their socioeconomic status and overall health status. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of overall body fat and upper body fat. Standard BMI and WC cutoff points were used, as established by the World Health Organization and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Periodontal status was assessed by Community Periodontal Index and periodontitis was defined as ≥ "code 3." Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out, adjusting for the following variables: sex; age; household income; bedtime toothbrushing habits; use of dental floss; use of an interproximal toothbrush; presence of active tooth decay; the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth; diabetes mellitus; and present smoking status., Results: In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was no association between BMI and periodontitis. Obese people with BMI ≥25 had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.991 (0.806 to 1.220) for having periodontitis. But we found a significant association between abdominal obesity and periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.358 (confidence interval 1.003 to 1.839) for obese subjects., Conclusions: A high WC seems to be associated with periodontitis, whereas BMI does not. This finding shows that abdominal obesity is significantly correlated with periodontitis.

Background: The association between periodontal inflammation and non-fatal stroke is still controversial and limited to evidence in Western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether periodontitis is independently associated with non-fatal stroke in Korean adults., Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 265 non-fatal chronic stroke cases at the National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea, and 214 non-stroke population controls. Medical specialists diagnosed stroke by using brain imaging from magnetic resonance imaging and/or computerized tomography. A dentist recorded the clinical attachment level (CAL), the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the probed base of the periodontal pocket, using a University of North Carolina-15 manual probe. An interview assessed 17 sociodemographic, behavioral, systemic/oral health-related possible confounders. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and stroke while controlling for age, gender, income, education, smoking, drinking, history of systemic disease, body mass index, familial cardiovascular risk factors, and oral health behaviors. Subgroup analyses were also performed., Results: Stroke was strongly associated with periodontitis (presence of CAL > or =6 mm): the odds ratio was 4.0 (95% confidence interval: 2.3 to 7.0) after controlling for all possible confounders. The association with periodontitis (tertiary percentage of CAL > or =5 mm) had a dose-response effect. The association between periodontitis and stroke was higher among adults younger than age 60 (6.0 versus 2.6) and normotensives (4.8 versus 3.2)., Conclusion: Our data suggested that periodontitis is independently associated with non-fatal stroke, and its impact seems to be greater among younger or normotensive Korean adults.