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The rock-dwelling cichlids from Lake Malaŵi, known as mbuna, comprise a diverse group of haplochromine fishes that are placed among 14 genera. Within the mbuna, Pseudotropheus is a polyphyletic genus, which has served as a catch-all for many of these fishes. Recently, many of the species-groups within Pseudotropheus have been elevated to separate genera. Herein, we describe an elongate form that was originally placed in the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group but is now described as a member of Metriaclima.

Species of the gobiid genus Schindleria are among the smallest and fastest reproducing vertebrates of the oceans. We describe a new species, Schindleria qizma, from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. It is an extreme example of progenesis, within the already paedomorphic genus, with morphological traits clearly differentiating it from its congeners. Schindleria qizma has a unique, unflexed notochord with a straight urostyle of which the tip is inserted into the hypural cartilage, rather than the typical flexed notochord with an upturned urostyle of the other species of Schindleria. Schindleria qizma belongs to the short dorsal-fin type of Schindleria. It is further characterized by an elongated but relatively deep body; a short dorsal fin originating just slightly anterior to the anal fin (predorsal-fin length 59.4% of SL vs. preanal-fin length 60.2% of SL); a head continuously increasing in depth posteriorly with a straight dorsal profile; a short snout (18.6% of head length); large eyes (34.4% of head length); a short pectoral-radial plate (6.3% of SL); 13 dorsal-fin rays; 11 anal-fin rays; 0–2 procurrent rays (where the last procurrent ray is short, if present); an anal fin with the first anal-fin ray situated opposite the second dorsal-fin ray; toothless oral jaws; females with few (10–11, total) but very large (4.6% of SL) eggs and with a conspicuous urogenital papilla characterized by a wide urogenital opening flanked by two long, bilobed projections; a dorsally pigmented swim-bladder; blackish, iridescent eyes, capped by a silvery layer with irregular rows of black dots or blotches; and no additional external pigmentation on its body, at least in preserved specimens.

The subfamily Plectorhinchinae (sweetlips) is composed of poorly-known species with high commercially and ecologically values that exhibit phenotypic plasticity and various morphologies. Few studies have assessed the validity of sweetlips, intergeneric relationships and evolutionary survey in this subfamily, which have not yet been resolved. This study investigated the DNA sequences of (1) the mitochondrial COI gene to delimit species, and (2) two mitochondrial (COI and Cyt b), and one nuclear (RAG1) markers to infer phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary and biogeographic history. The molecular results could differentiate Diagramma punctatum from the other species, but failed to distinguish D. labiosum as a distinct species with considerably lower genetic distances for the COI (0.53%) and Cyt b (0.51%) markers. However, additional taxonomic investigations are required to shed light on this issue. All previously described nominal species of sweetlips in the northwest Indian Ocean were found to be well supported. The monophyly of Plectorhinchus is not supported and Diagramma pictum and D. punctatum should be assigned to the genus Plectorhinchus. The biogeographic history of Plectorhinchinae likely originated in the Indo-Pacific ca. 34 Ma (30–39 Ma; late Eocene/ middle Oligocene) and subsequently colonised the Western Indian Ocean and the Central Indo-Pacific. Maximum diversification within the subfamily occurred from the middle Miocene to Pliocene, coinciding with dispersal and vicariance events. Diversification was probably driven by both biological and geographical factors.

A new species of the zoarcid genus Pyrolycus Machida & Hashimoto, 2002, Pyrolycus jaco sp. nov., is described from a hydrothermal seep environment named Jacó Scar in the eastern Pacific of Costa Rica. Four specimens were collected in 2018 between 1746–1795 m among tubeworm colonies around the seep. The new species is differentiated from its two western Pacific congeners by having a shorter head, snout, jaw, and pectoral fins. It is further diagnosed by having three postorbital pores and two occipital pores. Molecular sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene are provided and are the first for the genus. The character states indicating miniaturization in this species are discussed. This is the first vertebrate species known from this composite reducing ecosystem and is the fourth hydrothermally-associated zoarcid from the eastern Pacific.

Fish are the largest vertebrate group, consisting of more than 30 000 species with important ecological and economical value, while less than 3% of fish genomes have been published. Herein, a fish, Chirolophis japonicus, was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing. Approximately 595.7 megabase pair of the C. japonicus genome was assembled (49 901 contigs with 42.61% GC contents), leading to a prediction of 46 729 protein-coding gene models. A total of 554 136 simple sequence repeats was identified in the whole genome of C. japonicus, and dinucleotide microsatellite motifs were the most abundant, accounting for 59.49%. Phylogenomic analysis of 16 genomes based on the 694 single-copy genes suggests that C. japonicus is closely related with Anarrhichthys ocellatus, Cebidichthys violaceus, and Pholis gunnellus. The results provide more thorough genetic information of C. japonicus and a theoretical basis and reference for further genome-wide analysis.

An evidence-based annotated checklist of gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) inhabiting the South Caspian Sea and its catchment area (i.e., the South Caspian Sea sub-basin) is compiled. The South Caspian Sea sub-basin gobiofauna currently comprises 38 confirmed species in 11 genera (i.e., 88.4% of the Caspian gobiofauna); the most diverse genus is Benthophilus (16 species, 42.1%), followed by Ponticola (seven species, 18.4%), and Neogobius (four species, 10.5%). Ten species (26.3%) are endemic to the South Caspian Sea sub-basin, another 21 species (55.3%) are endemic in the Caspian Sea basin as a whole, six (15.8%) are native to the Ponto-Caspian region, and one species (2.6%) is exotic. According to the current IUCN Red List, 24 species (64.9%) are listed as being of “Least Concern”, eight species (21.6%) are “Data Deficient”, and five species (13.5%) as “Not Evaluated”. Similar numbers of species are confirmed to inhabit the South Caspian Sea sub-basin waters of the three countries that border it: Iran harbors 25 species (nine genera), Azerbaijan has 28 species (10 genera), and Turkmenistan has 26 species (10 genera). The greatest known diversity of Benthophilus in South Caspian waters occurs in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan (11 species each), whereas Iranian waters harbor seven species. In comparison, Iran, with six out of eight species (75%), has the greatest diversity of Ponticola known from the Caspian Sea basin. Species richness and endemism of the Caspian Sea gobiid-fauna varies considerably with latitude: the North, Middle and South sub-basins respectively harbor 21, 31, and 37 native species, of which 0, 3, and 10 species are endemic in that sub-basin alone. The high species diversity and endemism of Gobiidae in the South Caspian Sea sub-basin may have resulted from: (i) greater ecological diversity compared to the northern Caspian Sea marine areas (e.g., water depths) that may have led to differential niche adaptation and adaptive radiation in the Benthophilus-Anatirostrum species flock, (ii) lower historical extinction rate compared to Caspian higher latitudes, which had greater exposure to the Pleistocene’s extreme climatic changes, (iii) geological history of freshwater habitats in the South Caspian Sea sub-basin that set the speciation and evolutionary stage for the genus Ponticola during these Pleistocene climatic oscillations, (iv) presently less limiting conditions compared to the North Caspian Sea, i.e., higher present winter minimum of water temperature and higher salinity, and (v) Iranian freshwater abundance, variability and habitat diversity. Contemporary gobiid diversity and endemism in the Caspian Sea basin suggests two higher-priority conservation areas: (i) freshwater habitats of the South Caspian Sea region in Iran and Azerbaijan, and (ii) shallow coastal and deep waters of the South and Middle Caspian Sea sub-basins. An identification key is provided for the updated gobiid species from the South Caspian Sea sub-basin.

A new freshwater rhinogoby has been collected and surveyed from northern Taiwan. The new species, Rhinogobius yangminshanensis n. sp. with fluvial life history can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin rays: second dorsal fin rays I/9; anal fin rays I/8; pectoral fin rays modally 16; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale series 28–30 (modally 29); perdorsal scales 9–10 (modally 9); (4) vertebral count 27; (5) rear edge of mouth: merely extending to vertical of anterior margin of pupil in male and (6) specific colouration: lateral side with 6–7 longitudinal rows of bright orange to orange red spots in male which general size about 1/2 of pupil diameter. Cheek and opercle with 24–35 orange spots in male. Branchiostegal membrane with many minute orange spots in male. Caudal fin with distally orange zone in male with about 3 vertical rows of orange or orange red spots. First dorsal fin with broad orange band on distally 1/3 area. A middle black spot in abterior first dorsal fin. Pectoral fin with two rows red orange spots in male. The phylogenetic comparisons have revealed that the great mitogenetic differences of R. yangminshanensis with all other congeneric species and sister species would be R. rubromaculatus in Taiwan. A diagnostic key to all valid species of Rhinogobius from Taiwan is also provided.

Owstonia aurora sp. nov. is described on the base of three specimens (69.8–88.0 mm in standard length) collected off East Luzon during the “Aurora 2007” Philippine Expedition. The new species differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements III, 21; anal-fin elements I, 14; gill rakers on first arch 35–38; cheek with 80–86 scales in 7–8 rows; lateral line without branch, not forming loop in front of dorsal-fin, ending below 17th to 22th dorsal-fin soft rays; oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 54–58; lower margin of preopercle rounded; prominent black blotch on anterior dorsal-fin membrane, and extend downward to dorsal-fin base, remaining membrane of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins red with white margins and bases, distinct white stripes on mid dorsal and caudal fin membranes; membranes between maxillary and premaxillary with discontinuous black stripes or patches.

Chelidoperca barazeri Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen, 2019 is redescribed based on two sub-adult types and 12 additional non-types specimens collected from the type locality and southwestern Taiwan, respectively. The identification of the additional specimens were supported by morphological and/or molecular approaches. C. barazeri is characterized by the following combination of characters: three scale rows between lateral line and base of 6th dorsal-fin spine; pored lateral-line scales 34‒37, modally 36; modally 2+7 developed gill rakers on the upper and lower limb; soft dorsal fin with series of large yellow spots; and the anal-fin with a yellow margin. C. barazeri is most similar to C. tosaensis and can be distinguished from C. tosaensis by: relatively less pored lateral line scales, 34‒37 (vs. 37‒43, modally 39); anal-fin without series of spot; penultimate and the last dorsal- and anal-fin rays in adult not elongated (vs. well elongated in adults); presence of a faint and discontinuous stripe formed by clusters of melanophores along the mid-lateral body when preserved (vs. without or very indistinct). Furthermore, six species of Chelidoperca are confirmed occurring in the Taiwanese water by literature reviews. A key to Chelidoperca from the Taiwanese water is provided.

A new species of goby of the subfamily Sicydiinae, Lentipes niasensis, is described from the stream of Humogo River, Nias Island, Indonesia. This species can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin ray counts: D2 I/10; A I/10; P 17–18; D1 not connected to D2 in either sex. (2) squamation: LR 7–11; anterior half of body naked, lateral body scales present from 5–6th rays of second dorsal-fin to hypural, embedded in skin. (3) upper jaw teeth in male 14–19 and in female 33–38. (4) urogenital papilla in male slender and distally pointed, flanked by pair of associated fleshy lobes and not retractable into sheath–like groove. (5) distinctive colour pattern of male: upper lip greyish, red patches on the pectoral-fin base, on mid-body below origin of second dorsal-fin and at caudal peduncle.

Relationship of L. chilingali to other taxa in the Lake Malawi radiation The present study has assumed that L. lethrinus is both the most likely sister taxon for L. chilingali and the species most likely to interbreed with it, should habitat barriers be broken down. The former proposition is based on their overall similar appearance, including very similar male breeding dress, and similar – although distinct- melanin patterns in the females and juveniles. They are the only two known Lethrinops species to share a largely horizontally-banded melanin pattern. Other Lake Malawi cichlids also share some of these features, notably species of Protomelas Eccles & Trewavas 1989 found in similar shallow weedy/muddy habitats, including Protomelas kirkii (Günther 1894), Protomelas similis (Regan 1922) and Protomelas labridens (Trewavas 1935) (Eccles & Trewavas 1989, Konings 2016, Turner 1996). These three species also have females/immatures with a sandy/countershaded appearance, with a strong horizontal dark band running along the flank. Males are also metallic blue-green, with a red and white dorsal fin margin. These species have shorter snouts and more upwardly-angled mouths than L. lethrinus, but so does L. chilingali, which is arguably morphologically intermediate between them. The genera Protomelas and Lethrinops can be distinguished by the shape of the lower jaw dental arcade, and it is presently assumed that this is a phylogenetically informative trait (Eccles & Trewavas 1989), although this requires confirmation from a phylogenetic analysis, ideally based on genome-scale sequence data. A published phylogenomic analysis places L. lethrinus in the middle of a clade of shallow water Lethrinops, Taeniolethrinops and Tramitichromis (Masonick et al. 2022), thus grouping these genera showing Lethrinops - type dentition (Eccles & Trewavas 1989). However, P. kirkii, P. similis and P. labridens were not included in that analysis (Masonick et al. 2022). Notably, however, an additional group of deep-water Lethrinops appears in a separate part of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the Lethrinops - type dentition is prone to parallelism. Thus, we conclude that available evidence does not conflict with L. chilingali being a sister species to L. lethrinus, but this requires detailed phylogenetic investigation for confirmation. If L. lethrinus shows relatively high levels of population structure, it could be paraphyletic (ancestral) with respect to L. chilingali. Distributions of L. chilingali and L. lethrinus Lethrinops chilingali has only been positively recorded from Lake Chilingali, but here we consider whether it may have a broader distribution in Lake Malawi, possibly extending to the central to northern part of the lake as an allopatric sister species to L. lethrinus. Although a lake-wide distribution has been claimed for L. lethrinus (Konings 2016), the great majority of records backed by preserved specimens or photographs come from the southern arms, Lake Malombe and the Shire River (Eccles & Lewis 1978, Turner 1996, Konings 2016). On the Global Biodiversity Information Facility website (GBIF 2023), there is a record of Lethrinops lethrinus from co-ordinates indicating a collection site off the Tanzanian shore near Ngkuyo Island, Mbamba Bay (11.334°S, 34.769°E), based on specimens at the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB). An offshore location near a rocky headland seems an unlikely collecting site for Lethrinops lethrinus, which favours shallow sheltered vegetated habitats and the locality label is given as ‘Lifuwu’, which probably corresponds to the vicinity of Lifuwu village (13.69°S, 34.60°E) just north of Salima, suggesting that the co-ordinates have been recorded in error. The single small specimen shows no melanic markings (faded post-preservation?), but the head shape is consistent with Lethrinops lethrinus rather than L. chilingali. Another GBIF record from co-ordinates 13.35°S, 33.4°E would suggest specimens were collected from the Rusa River, a tributary of the Bua River, which joins Lake Malawi near Lake Chilingali. The site is far upstream, around 97km West of the Lake Malawi shore at Benga, and initially we thought this might suggest specimens of L. chilingali could be widespread in the river catchment. However, the collection label indicates the specimens were collected from Lake Malawi at Foo, which is a trawling station in the SE Arm of Lake Malawi (also sometimes written as Fowo), which is at approximately 14.14°S, 35.18°E, again suggesting an error in the co-ordinates. Photographs of the specimens show typical Lethrinops lethrinus, with long snouts and strong horizontal melanic markings. The catalogue of the Natural History Museum in London contains a single accession of three specimens labelled as L. lethrinus from Lupembe Sand Bar, collected by Cuthbert Christy in 1925 (BMNH 1935.6.14.2077-9; Figure 4). The electronic catalogue suggests that this location is in Tanzania, perhaps following Eccles & Trewavas (1989) who suggested it might represent a site at the mouth of the ‘Kivira River’. However, the town at the mouth of the Kiwira River (as presently named) is currently known as Itungi Port. It is more likely that the 1925 collection site is Lupembe on the Malawian lakeshore, just south of Karonga (10.055°S, 33.99°E). Notably, recent satellite images show a conspicuous sandbar (Google Earth). Examination of the unpublished diary of Cuthbert Christy held at the Natural History Museum shows a single accession from Lupembe following an extensive collection of several hundred accessions from Vua / Deep Bay (Chilumba area) and immediately before another extensive collection from Mwaya in Tanzania, on the far north coast of the lake (itemising various river mouths visited). No other accessions were made from Lupembe. This suggests that the location was visited en-route from Chilumba to Tanzania, which would fit well with the location near Karonga. Unfortunately, the specimens (fig. 5a) are very small (44.8–50.9 mm SL) which makes morphological comparisons difficult with the larger specimens examined for this study, due to allometric effects. For example, they have notably relatively large eyes, making snout measurements relatively small. However, the low position of the mouth on the head and the largely continuous midlateral stripe, fit far better with L. lethrinus than with L. chilingali. Thus, available museum specimens strongly support the occurrence of typical Lethrinops lethrinus only in the southern arms of the lake, but tentatively indicate that they may also occur just north of Senga Bay and indeed almost at the northernmost extremity of the lake, but do not provide evidence for the occurrence of L. chilingali or any other similar form within Lake Malawi, Other published records are not backed by specimens available to examine or photographic evidence. Eccles & Lewis (1978) reported that they had found L. lethrinus at Nkhata Bay, which is well to the north of Lake Chilingali. However, they reported an unusual melanin pattern: “the dark line along the middle of the flank curves upwards anteriorly to merge with the lower of the two rows of spots and the spots themselves may run together posteriorly to form a stripe”. The occurrence of specimens with dramatically different stripe patterns at Nkhata Bay might lend credence to the idea that L. lethrinus represents a complex of allopatric taxa, which might increase the probability that L. chilingali might persist in the main Lake Malawi. Eccles & Lewis provided no illustration of this ‘ Nkhata Bay variant’. Their specimens were deposited in the collection of the Monkey Bay Fisheries Research Unit, Malawi and their present status is unknown. The pattern described is reminiscent of that seen on some of the type specimens of L. leptodon Regan 1922 (fig. 5b). In the same 1978 paper, Eccles & Lewis redescribed that species based on a single specimen collected from Chintheche in the NW of the lake, near Nkhata Bay, but their illustration of that specimen showed a clear midlateral blotch on the upper part of the flank. They reported examining, but not measuring, three of the type specimens of L. leptodon, which are held at the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH 1921.9.6.201- 207, collected by Wood from somewhere in ‘Lake Nyasa’). Thus, it seems unclear whether the reported Nkhata Bay populations represent L. lethrinus or L. leptodon, or indeed something else. In summary, the status of the northern populations of Lethrinops of this group is unclear but is consistent with the hypothesis that L. lethrinus is found in suitable habitats throughout Lake Malawi, and that L. chilingali is a satellite lake endemic extinct in the wild. Conservation status of Lethrinops chilingali Lake Chilingali is approximately 5km in length and a maximum of 1km in width, and is characterised by two deeper basins of approximately 5m depth separated by a shallower plateau (Turner et al. 2019). It has a single outflow, the Kaombe River, which meanders for approximately 12km before reaching the main body of Lake Malawi (Genner et al. 2007). The lake is a natural water body, and the two basins of the modern lake are represented on early European exploration maps, as two separate bodies of water, Lake Chikukutu to the south, and Lake Chilingali to the north (Turner et al. 2019). The lake level was raised when a dam was constructed across the single outflow for irrigation purposes, initially in the 1950s, before being modified in the early 1970s (Denys et al. 2013). The dam collapsed early in 2012 (Denys et al. 2013), and the single lake disappeared, reforming the two separate smaller shallow basins. In 2016 these basins were estimated to be only ~ 1m deep and fringed with macrophytes. The lake was refilled to approximately its pre-collapse-level in June-July 2019 following the construction of a new dam. During the period 2004 to 2011, before the collapse of the dam, L. chilingali was periodically and reliably sampled from the lake, alongside another apparently endemic haplochromine cichlid, the undescribed Rhamphochromis sp. “chilingali” (Genner et al. 2007; Turner et al. 2019). To our knowledge, the last sampling event where L. chilingali was recorded in the wild was on 25 June 2009 (by G. Turner), while representatives of R. sp. “chilingali” were last collected from an artisanal fishing catch on 12 January 2011 (by M. Genner). During sampling in February 2016, neither of the species was encountered in a survey of the main northern and southern basins of Lake Chilingali (Turner et al. 2019). A survey in April 2022 also failed to sample any either L. chilingali or R. sp “chilingali” but did find that Lake Malawi endemic Otopharynx tetrastigma (Günther 1894) was abundant (H. Svardal, pers comm). This species was absent between 2004 and 2016 and is likely to have been introduced during restocking after the lake was refilled in 2019 (H. Svardal, pers comm). Although further surveys of Lake Chilingali and the Kaombe river are warranted to determine if remnant populations of either L. chilingali or R. sp “chilingali” persist, on the basis of the current evidence, we consider it most likely that both species are no longer present in the natural environment. Breeding populations of L. chilingali or R. sp “chilingali” are, however, maintained in captivity, and may be candidates for reintroduction. On the basis of the evidence discussed above, we recommend that L. chilingali is attributed the status of Extinct in the Wild (EW) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.

Turner, George F., Crampton, Denise A., Genner, Martin J. (2023): A new species of Lethrinops (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from a Lake Malawi satellite lake, believed to be extinct in the wild. Zootaxa 5318 (4): 515-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.4.5

Lethrinops lethrinus (Günther, 1893) Holotype: Lethrinops lethrinus (Günther, 1893): BMNH 1893.11.15.15, 116.1 mm SL, coll. A. Whyte, Upper Shire River at Fort Johnston (Mangochi), March 1892

Crenicichla jupiaensis Britski & Luengo, 1968 ARGENTINA • 2 ex., 87.7–93.0 mm SL; Corrientes, Paraná River at Yahapé; MLP 11294., Published as part of Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2023, Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex, pp. 38-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 on page 63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, http://zenodo.org/record/8135480

Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman, 1911 BRAZIL • holotype, 137.0 mm SL; Iguaçu River, Porto Uniăo da Victoria; FMNH 54159., Published as part of Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2023, Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex, pp. 38-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 on page 63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, http://zenodo.org/record/8135480

Crenicichla ama sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9C8E18CF-8833-4AAA-9395-5B2D205F1997 Figs 1A, 2, 4A, 5–8; Table 1 Crenicichla sp. Piray Guazú – Piálek et al. 2012 (molecular phylogeny); 2019a (molecular phylogeny and genetic delimitation, photo of live specimen); 2019b (molecular phylogeny and genetic delimitation). — Říčan et al. 2021a (molecular phylogeny and genetic delimitation); 2021b (molecular phylogeny, genetic and morphological delimitation, photo of live specimens). Diagnosis Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is diagnosed from the here described sympatric C. aravera sp. nov. (and from C. yjhui, C. vittata and C. mandelburgeri) in the main colouration pattern, chiefly composed of midlateral blotches along the body side associated with variably developed vertical bars vs composed chiefly of a dominant continuous midlateral band. Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species of the C. mandelburgeri species complex, i.e., those with the main body colouration chiefly composed of midlateral blotches along the body side, by having small, black spots below the midlateral blotches on occasional scales in the series 0–E3 (i.e., generally between the lower lateral line and ventral border of the midlateral blotches) vs absence of such small, black spots on the flank in C. aravera sp. nov., C. hu, C. mandelburgeri, C. taikyra, C. yaha, C. yjhui, and C. ypo vs similar small dark spots however all over the flank in the Iguazú species C. iguassuensis, C. tesay, C. tuca and males of C. tapii (only on posterior part of body and caudal peduncle) vs much larger dark spots and blotches all over the flank, evidently originating from the fragmentation of the flank bars in C. gillmorlisi. Crenicichla ama is further distinguished from C. gillmorlisi in having the dots and blotches below the midlateral blotches small and sharply defined (as in the Iguazú species) vs much larger with softer borders, and in always lacking any traces of a continuous midlateral band (vs present in most juveniles and as a trace in many adults). Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is further distinguished from all these species (except C. aravera sp. nov., C. mandelburgeri, and C. gillmorlisi) by the colouration of the dorsal fin in breeding females which features a distinct dark white-margined blotch in the dorsal fin in C. ama (vs a long dark white-margined band in the rest). Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is additionally distinguished from the Iguazú species C. tapii and C. tuca by having a complete series of midlateral blotches (vs only the anterior one or two blotches), and from C. tapii, C. tuca, C. tesay, C. yaha and C. taikyra by a different head and mouth morphology (lower jaw prognathous with normal lips vs lower jaw hypognathous with thick lips in C. tuca) and by much less robust LPJ and LPJ teeth. Crenicichla ama is distinguished from the Iguazú species C. iguassuensis and C. tesay, and from C. gillmorlisi, all with the same complete series of midlateral blotches, by having the spots on body usually limited only to around the ventral borders of the midlateral blotches (vs found throughout the body including the dorsum and belly in same intensity; also in C. tuca). Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is most similar to C. ypo and C. hu who share the same main colouration pattern and the generalistic predatory ecomorphology (intermediate in oral jaw, LPJ jaws and teeth, and head and body proportions between all five ecomorphs of Crenicichla) vs C. aravera sp. nov., C. yjhui, C. iguassuensis and C. mandelburgeri which are specialized piscivorous species. Crenicichla ama is thus readily distinguished from C. aravera in lower jaw length (mean 15.7%, SD 0.63 vs 16.8% of SL, SD 0.71), upper jaw length (mean 11.7%, SD 0.38 vs 12.8% of SL, SD 0.86), head depth (mean 16.9%, SD 0.70 in C. ama vs 15.8% of SL, SD 1.39), more robust LPJ and LPJ teeth, body depth (mean 23.1%, SD 1.10 vs 19.8% of SL, SD 1.09, caudal peduncle depth (mean 12.8% of SL, SD 0.37 vs 11.8% of SL, SD 0.38), and pectoral fin length (mean 22.9% of SL, SD 0.87 vs 20.6% of SL, SD 0.86). In morphometric characters Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is distinguished from the two most similar species C. ypo and C. hu by tendency towards longer lower jaw (C. ama 15.7% in SL, SD 0.63 vs C. ypo 14.5%, SD 2.0, vs C. hu 14.3%, SD 4.55), longer pectoral fin (C. ama 22.8% in SL, SD 1.03 vs C. ypo 20.1%, SD 0.84, vs C. hu 19.5%, SD 5.84), and larger orbit (C. ama 7.7% in SL, SD 0.47 vs C. ypo 6.4%, SD 0.37 vs C. hu 6.4%, SD 1.93). Etymology The specific epithet ‘ ama ’ is a Guaraní word for ‘rain’ and is used as a noun in apposition. The name is given in allusion to the small diagnostic spots below midlateral blotches which appear as if rain (spots) is falling from clouds (midlateral blotches). Type material Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂, 105.8 mm; Misiones Province, Paraná River Basin, arroyo Piray Guazú Basin, upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20; 26°26′34.1″ S, 54°08′29.4″ W; 18 Feb. 2012; Casciotta et al. leg.; MLP 11446 (Fig. 1A). Paratypes All from Argentina, Misiones Province, Paraná River Basin, arroyo Piray Guazú Basin. ARGENTINA – Misiones • 16 ex., 83.6–111.2 mm; same collection data as for holotype; MLP 11182 (Fig. 2) • 11 ex., 67.3–103.9 mm; same collection data as for holotype; 30 Nov. 2007; Říčan et al. leg.; MLP 11180 (Fig. 2) • 2 ex., 75.6–84.0 mm; same collection data as for holotype; MLP 11447 • 8 ex., 77.5–150.8 mm; Paraná River Basin, Piray Guazú River Basin, tributary to upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP16, 23 km from San Pedro; 26°35′45.90″ S, 54°16′59.96″ W; 26 Nov. 2016; Říčan leg.; MLP 11448 (Fig. 2). Description Body elongate, depth 4.0 to 4.8 times in SL (mean body depth 23.1% of SL, SD 1.10) (Figs 1A, 2). Head as deep as wide or slightly deeper (mean head depth16.9% of SL, SD 0.70). Snout bluntly pointed in lateral view, 2.8 to 3.1 times in head length (mean snout length 11.4% of SL, SD 0.46). Lower jaw slightly prognathous. Tip of maxilla reaching anterior margin of orbit in most specimens. Lower lip folds widely interrupted medially. Nostrils dorsolateral. Posterior margin of preopercle serrated (27 ex.) or smooth (3 ex.). Scales on flank strongly ctenoid. Head scales cycloid. Predorsal scales small. Interopercle naked. Cheek scaled, 7 to 9 scales below eye embedded in skin. Scales in E1 row 46 (2), 47 (3), 48 (4), 49 (4), 50 (3), 51 (5), 52 (5*), 53 (2), 55 (2). Scales in transverse row 9/11 (2), 9/12 (4*), 9/13 (2), 10/11 (1), 10/12 (13), 10/13 (7), 10/14 (1). Two to three scale rows between lateral lines. Upper lateral line scales 21 (1), 22 (4), 23 (10*), 24 (9), 25 (4), 26 (2). Lower lateral line scales 8 (2), 9 (8), 10 (16), 11 (3*), 13 (1). Dorsal, anal, pectoral and pelvic fins naked. Dorsal fin XXI,9 (1); XXI,11 (12); XXI,12 (4); XXII, 9 (1); XXII,10 (1); XXII,11 (9*); XXII,12 (1); XXIII,11 (1). Anal fin III,8 (11); III,9 (18*); III,10 (1). Pectoral fin 15 (7), 16 (16*), 17 (6). Caudal-fin squamation not reaching the middle of fin. Soft-dorsal fin rounded or pointed, extending beyond caudal-fin base. Tip of anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin rounded, not reaching tip of pelvic fin. Microbranchiospines present on second through fourth gill arches. Gill rakers externally on first gill arch: 3 on epibranchial, 1 on angle, and 8 on ceratobranchial. Two to five patches of unicuspid teeth on fourth ceratobranchial. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate with unicuspid recurved and bicuspid crenulated curved teeth, those of posterior and medial row larger than remaining ones (Fig. 4). Upper pharyngeal tooth plate with unicuspid and bicuspid teeth. Frayed zone bearing one concavity with small unicuspid teeth. Premaxillary ascending process longer than dentigerous process. Premaxilla with unicuspid teeth on outer row, larger than inner ones. Five teeth rows near symphysis. Dentary with unicuspid teeth on outer row. Premaxillary and dentary outer row teeth slightly movable, inner ones fully depressible. Colour in life Background colour of body grey to greenish-grey, darker on dorsum, lighter on venter. Grey preorbital stripe between anterior margin of orbit and snout tip. Postorbital stripe between posterior margin of orbit and preopercle or opercle distal margin grey. Flanks with 6 to 8 irregular black blotches between the upper and lower lateral lines, with fainter double-bar extensions above the upper lateral line up to the dorsal-fin base. Distinct black sharply defined spots below the midlateral blotches are diagnostic for the species. Suborbital stripe black, very narrow and pointed, not reaching ventral margin of cheek. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins pale grey, males with numerous small dark scattered dots on dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, which are absent or rarely seen in females (Fig. 2). Dorsal fin of breeding females with a distinctive large black blotch margined with a white ring (Fig. 2). Reproductive females additionally with an orange band from pectoral-fin cleft to mid-body below the black midlateral markings. Caudal fin with a black subcircular spot, rarely bearing partial irregular pale ring, just above of midline of caudal fin. Colour in alcohol Similar to that of live specimens apart from lack of carotenoid pigments, most importantly concerning the orange area on flank of females. Main diagnostic characters, i.e., dark spots below midlateral blotches, and shape and configuration of suborbital stripe well visible (Fig. 1A) and as in live animals (Fig. 2). Distribution Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is endemic to the arroyo Piray Guazú Basin, Paraná River Basin, Misiones Province, Argentina (Fig. 5). Habitat Crenicichla ama sp. nov. is found throughout the Piray Guazú River Basin above the rapids separating it from the Paraná River (Fig. 5). The arroyo Piray Guazú is a moderately fast flowing river. It is a clear-water basin with a predominantly bouldery stream bed and running shallow water interspersed with pools (Figs 6–7). In the pools the bottom includes more silt accumulation and the pools bear macrophytes such as Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav. and Potamogeton pseudopolygonus Hgstr.

Keys to the species of Crenicichla from the Middle Rio Paraná Basin (the Crenicichla mandelburgeri species group plus C. vittata) Because of the taxonomical and morphological complexity of the C. mandelburgeri species complex we have chosen to provide two determination keys, each primarily based on a different main character. We believe this may facilitate determination of some species. The first key is more suited to the present study as it is based on the main colouration patterns, which also distinguish the two newly described species. The second key is more generally suited to the C. mandelburgeri species complex and the existing literature on parallel evolution of ecomorphologies in Crenicichla since it is based on oral jaw characteristics (the main charaters involved in the formation and parallel evolution of ecomorphs). For the keys we have chosen to use only readily visible external characters. Many of the characters used in the key will work only for adult specimens (at least 70 mm SL), especially the colour and colouration pattern characters. The main colouration pattern of the species is scored based on preserved specimens where there is less variation than in live specimens, while the colouration of the dorsal fin in females is best visible in live specimens. Key to the species of Crenicichla from the Middle Rio Paraná Basin (the Crenicichla mandelburgeri species group plus C. vittata) based on the main colouration pattern 1. Main colouration pattern of adults chiefly or most often composed of a dominant continuous midlateral band, in the latter case sometimes in combination with vertical bars............................. 2 – Main colouration pattern of adults chiefly composed of midlateral blotches along the body side without any continuous midlateral band........................................................................................... 5 – Main colouration pattern chiefly composed of paired vertical bars in young, and fragmented into dark blotches and spots all over the sides including side of belly in adults, midlateral band when present is continuous, endemic to the Acaray tributary, endemic to Paraguay............................................................................................................................... C. gillmorlisi Kullander & Lucena, 2013 2. The midlateral band is always present as a dominant colouration pattern in all growth stages, moods and under other conditions, scales in E1 row 50–64........................................................................ 3 – Depending on growth stage, mood and other factors the dominant body colouration can change from a midlateral band to vertical bars, or be a combination of the two, scales in E1 row either 42–57 or 78–85................................................................................................................................................ 4 3. Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined blotch in the dorsal fin, scales in E1 row 50–55, endemic to the Piray Guazú tributary, endemic to Argentina................... C. aravera sp. nov. – Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined long band in the dorsal fin, scales in E1 row 53–64, endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina................................................................................................................................... C. yjhui Piálek, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2019 4. Midlateral band when present always fully continuous, with barely discernible fluctuation in width, scales in E1 row 78–85, widespread in the Lower Paraná and entire Paraguay Basin, also present in Lower Uruguay and lower portions of the Middle Paraná in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay......................................................................................................... C. vittata Heckel, 1840 – Midlateral band often semicontinuous or even distrupted (i.e., always of clearly fluctuating width), vertical bars when present always as clear double-bars, scales in E1 row 42–57, endemic to Middle Paraná main River and some non-isolated tributaries in Paraguay and Argentina................................................................................................................................... C. mandelburgeri Kullander, 2009 5. Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined blotch in the dorsal fin, scattered spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, especially in males, endemic to the Piray Guazú tributary, endemic to Argentina................................................................................. C. ama sp. nov. – Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined long band in the dorsal fin......................... 6 6. Scattered spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, especially in males, endemic to the Iguazú, Argentina and Brazil............................................................................................................ 7 – Without spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, endemic to Middle Paraná Basin apart from the Iguazú...................................................................................................................... 10 7. Oral jaws prognathous (i.e., lower jaw projecting in front of upper jaw), mouth large, corner of mouth reaching well below eye....................................................... C. iguassuensis Haseman, 1911 – Oral jaws isognathous or hypognathous (i.e., upper jaw projecting in front of lower jaw)............. 8 8. Mouth large, corner of mouth reaching below vertical from anterior margin of eye, lips very thick and bulbous.......................................... C. tuca Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2015 – Mouth small, not reaching eye, lips normal..................................................................................... 9 9. Well-developed vertical double-bars (only species in the Iguazú with this character), anterior one or two midlateral blotches much more dominant over the remaining, which are usually only visible as connections between the double bars, a well-formed (not decomposed into spots) narrow suborbital stripe inclined significantly posteriad, near absence of dark scattered dots on flanks in males and complete absence in females............... C. tapii Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2015 – Vertical bars and less developed double bars only visible above midlateral line, anterior four or more midlateral blotches well dominant, suborbital stripe decomposed into spots, wider, and less inclined posteriad, both sexes with dark scattered dots on flanks........... C. tesay Casciotta & Almirón, 2008 10. Oral jaws prognathous (i.e., lower jaw projecting in front of upper jaw), mouth rather large (i.e., corner of mouth reaching below vertical from anterior margin of eye)..........................................11 – Oral jaws isognathous or hypognathous (i.e., upper jaw projecting in front of lower jaw), mouth rather small (i.e., not reaching eyes)............................................................................................... 12 11. Anterior two to three midlateral blotches dominant, background colouration light grey, midlateral blotches distinctly H-like with dorsally continuing double bars, females with a wide wide orange to red stripe along the entire length of the basal portion of the dorsal fin above which is found a shorter black band margined in white, suborbital stripe of normal length and width, composed of spots, which do not form horizontal lines, endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina........................................................................... C. ypo Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Říčan, 2010 – All midlateral blotches well developed, background colouration very dark grey to blackish, midlateral blotches square-like with dorsally continuing single wide bars, females only with the shorter black band margined in white in the dorsal fin without the orange to red band, suborbital stripe short and wide, ventrally widest, composed of spots which do form horizontal lines, endemic to the Piray Miní tributary, endemic to Argentina.............................. C. hu Piálek, Říčan, Casciotta & Almirón, 2010 12. Anterior two to three midlateral blotches usually more dominant, midlateral blotches distinctly H-like with dorsally continuing double bars, suborbital stripe shorter and wider, composed of spots which tend to form horizontal lines, scales in E1 row 48–51 (mean 50), endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina.................................... C. yaha Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006 – All midlateral blotches equally developed, midlateral blotches square-like with dorsally continuing single wide bars, suborbital stripe of normal length and width, composed of spots which tend to form horizontal lines, scales in E1 row 54–60 (mean 56–57), endemic to the lower portion of the Middle Paraná and some non-isolated tributaries in Paraguay and Argentina............................................................................................. C. taikyra Casciotta, Almirón, Aichino, Gómez, Piálek & Říčan, 2013 Key to the species of Crenicichla from the Middle Rio Paraná Basin (the Crenicichla mandelburgeri species group plus C. vittata) based on oral jaw characteristics 1. Oral jaws isognathous or hypognathous (i.e., upper jaw projecting in front of lower jaw), mouth generally rather small to small (i.e., not reaching eyes), except in one species where quite large... 2 – Oral jaws prognathous (i.e., lower jaw projecting in front of upper jaw), mouth rather large to large (i.e., corner of mouth reaching below vertical from anterior margin of eye)................................... 6 2. Mouth large, corner of mouth reaching below vertical from anterior margin of eye, lips very thick and bulbous.......................................... C. tuca Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2015 – Mouth small, not reaching eye, lips normal..................................................................................... 3 3. Scattered spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, especially in males (except for one species where weakly developed), endemic to the Iguazú, Argentina and Brazil............................ 4 – Without spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, endemic to Middle Paraná Basin apart from the Iguazú........................................................................................................................ 5 4. Well-developed vertical double-bars (only species in the Iguazú with this character), anterior one or two midlateral blotches much more dominant over the remaining, which are usually only visible as connections between the double bars, a well-formed (not decomposed into spots) narrow suborbital stripe inclined significantly posteriad, near absence of dark scattered dots on flanks in males and complete absence in females............... C. tapii Piálek, Dragová, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2015 – Vertical bars and less developed double bars only visible above midlateral line, anterior four or more midlateral blotches well dominant, suborbital stripe decomposed into spots, wider, and less inclined posteriad, both sexes with dark scattered dots on flanks........... C. tesay Casciotta & Almirón, 2008 5. Anterior two to three midlateral blotches usually more dominant, midlateral blotches distinctly H-like with dorsally continuing double bars, suborbital stripe shorter and wider, composed of spots which tend to form horizontal lines, scales in E1 row 48–51 (mean 50), endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina.................................... C. yaha Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006 – All midlateral blotches equally developed, midlateral blotches square-like with dorsally continuing single wide bars, suborbital stripe of normal length and width, composed of spots which tend to form horizontal lines, scales in E1 row 54–60 (mean 56–57), endemic to the lower portion of the Middle Paraná and some non-isolated tributaries in Paraguay and Argentina............................................................................................. C. taikyra Casciotta, Almirón, Aichino, Gómez, Piálek & Říčan, 2013 6. Main colouration pattern of adults chiefly or most often composed of a dominant continuous midlateral band, in the latter case sometimes in combination with vertical bars............................. 7 – Main colouration pattern of adults chiefly composed of midlateral blotches along the body side without any continuous midlateral band..........................................................................................11 – Main colouration pattern chiefly composed of paired vertical bars in young, and fragmented into dark blotches and spots all over the sides including side of belly in adults, midlateral band when present is continuous, endemic to the Acaray tributary, endemic to Paraguay............................................................................................................................... C. gillmorlisi Kullander & Lucena, 2013 7. The midlateral band is always present as a dominant colouration pattern in all growth stages, moods and under other conditions, scales in E1 row 50–64........................................................................ 8 – Depending on growth stage, mood and other factors the dominant body colouration can change from a midlateral band to vertical bars, or be a combination of the two, scales in E1 row either 42–57 or 78–85................................................................................................................................................ 9 8. Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined blotch in the dorsal fin, scales in E1 row 50–55, endemic to the Piray Guazú tributary, endemic to Argentina................... C. aravera sp. nov. – Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined long band in the dorsal fin, scales in E1 row 53–64, endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina................................................................................................................................... C. yjhui Piálek, Casciotta, Almirón & Říčan, 2019 9. Midlateral band when present always fully continuous, with barely discernible fluctuation in width, scales in E1 row 78–85, widespread in the Lower Paraná and entire Paraguay Basin, also present in Lower Uruguay and lower portions of the Middle Paraná in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay......................................................................................................... C. vittata Heckel, 1840 – Midlateral band most often semicontinuous or even distrupted (i.e., always of clearly fluctuating width), vertical bars when present always as clear double-bars, scales in E1 row 42–57, endemic to Middle Paraná main River and some non-isolated tributaries in Paraguay and Argentina...................................................................................................................... C. mandelburgeri Kullander, 2009 10. Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined blotch in the dorsal fin, a few scattered spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, especially in males, endemic to the Piray Guazú tributary, endemic to Argentina................................................................................. C. ama sp. nov. – Breeding females with a distinct dark white-margined long band in the dorsal fin........................11 11. Scattered spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, especially in males, endemic to the Iguazú, Argentina and Brazil........................................................... C. iguassuensis Haseman, 1911 – Without spots on body below the midlateral band in both sexes, endemic to Middle Paraná Basin apart from the Iguazú, endemic to Argentina................................................................................. 12 12. Anterior two to three midlateral blotches dominant, background colouration light grey, midlateral blotches distinctly H-like with dorsally continuing double bars, females with a wide wide orange to red stripe along the entire length of the basal portion of the dorsal fin above which is found a shorter black band margined in white, suborbital stripe of normal length and width, composed of spots, which do not form horizontal lines, endemic to the Urugua-í tributary, endemic to Argentina........................................................................... C. ypo Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Říčan, 2010 – All midlateral blotches well developed, backgroundcolouration very dark grey to blackish, midlateral blotches square-like with dorsally continuing single wide bars, females only with the shorter black band margined in white in the dorsal fin without the orange to red band, suborbital stripe short and wide, ventrally widest, composed of spots which do form horizontal lines, endemic to the Piray Miní tributary, endemic to Argentina.............................. C. hu Piálek, Říčan, Casciotta & Almirón, 2010, Published as part of Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2023, Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex, pp. 38-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 on pages 53-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, http://zenodo.org/record/8135480, {"references":["Kullander S. O. & Lucena C. A. S. 2013. Crenicichla gillmforlisi, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Parana river drainage in Paraguay. Zootaxa 3641 (2): 149 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3641.2.3","Pialek L., Casciotta J., Almiron A. & Rican O. 2019 b. A new pelagic predatory pike cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Crenicichla) from the C. mandelburgeri species complex with parallel and reticulate evolution. Hydrobiologia 832: 377 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 018 - 3754 - 1","Kullander S. O. 2009. Crenicichla mandelburgeri, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Parana river drainage in Paraguay. Zootaxa 2006 (1): 41 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2006.1.3","Haseman J. D. 1911. An annotated catalog of the cichlid fishes collected by the expedition of the Carnegie Museum to central South America, 1907 - 10. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 7: 329 - 373. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 9956994 [accessed 2 Jun. 2023].","Pialek L., Dragova K., Casciotta J., Almiron A. & Rican O. 2015. Description of two new species of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Lower Iguazu River with a taxonomic reappraisal of C. iguassuensis, C. tesay and C. yaha. Historia Natural (Tercera Serie) 5: 5 - 27.","Casciotta J. & Almiron A. 2008. Crenicichla tesay, a new species of cichlid (Perciformes: Labroidei) from the rio Iguazu basin in Argentina. Revue suisse de Zoologie 115: 651 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80451 Casciotta J. R. & Arratia G. 1993. Jaws and teeth of American Cichlids (Pisces: Labroidei). Journal of Morphology 217: 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1052170102","Casciotta J., Almiron A., Pialek L., Gomez S. & Rican O. 2010. Crenicichla ypo (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a new species from the middle Parana basin in Misiones, Argentina. Neotropical Ichthyology 8: 643 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 62252010000300009","Casciotta J., Almiron A. E. & Gomez S. E. 2006. Crenicichla yaha sp. n. (Perciformes: Labroidei: Cichlidae), a new species from the rio Iguazu and arroyo Urugua-i basins, northeastern Argentina. Zoologische Abhandlungen 56: 107 - 112.","Casciotta J., Almiron A., Aichino D., Gomez S., Pialek L. & Rican O. 2013. Crenicichla taikyra (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a new species of pike cichlid from the middle rio Parana, Argentina. Zootaxa 3721 (4): 379 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.4.5"]}

Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana, Casciotta, Jorge (2023): Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex. European Journal of Taxonomy 879: 38-63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159

Crenicichla lepidota (Heckel, 1840) ARGENTINA • 1 ex., 151.6 mm SL; Corrientes, Paraná River Basin, Isla Apipé Grande, Ituzaingó; MACN-ict 7275 • 1 ex., 98.4 mm SL; Formosa, Paraguay River Basin, Riacho de Oro; MACN-ict 4091 • 2 ex., 116.0– 165.7 mm SL; Misiones, Represa Estación Experimental Cerro Azul; MACN-ict 3656., Published as part of Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2023, Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex, pp. 38-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 on page 63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, http://zenodo.org/record/8135480

Crenicichla ocellata (Perugia, 1897) PARAGUAY • holotype, 257.5 mm SL; Paraguay, Puerto 14 de Mayo, Bahía Negra, Chaco Boreal; MSNG 33700., Published as part of Říčan, Oldřich, Piálek, Lubomír, Almirón, Adriana & Casciotta, Jorge, 2023, Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex, pp. 38-63 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 on page 63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2159, http://zenodo.org/record/8135480

Salariopsis burcuae, new species (Figs. 3–7) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D9EB2F7D-2C08-4E0C-8494-EBC9658B593B Holotype. FFR 4260, 88.3 mm SL; Türkiye: Adana prov.: Körkün River at Hacılı, 37.2947 35.1539. Paratype. FFR 4261, 5, 44–83 mm SL; FSJF 4114, 4, 49–64 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional materials. FFR 4256, 2, 63–66 mm SL; Türkiye: Adana prov.: Çakıt River at Salbaş, 37.1031, 35.1094.— FFR 4259, 2, 47–49 mm SL; Türkiye: Antalya prov.: stream Kargı at Türkler, 36.6219, 31.8047.— FSJF 2281, 5, 32–74 mm SL; Türkiye: stream Ilıca at Ilıca, 36.8190 31.3528.— FSJF 2420, 1, 34– 34 mm SL; Türkiye: stream Çakırca at Çakırca west of Iznik, 40.4625 29.6746.— FSJF 2453, 17, 45–66 mm SL; Türkiye: stream Çakıt, south of Salbaş, the lower part of Pozantı Stream, 37.0961, 35.1170.— FSJF 2652, 4, 34–54 mm SL; Syria: River Nahr al Kabir at Safkoon, 35.6561, 35.9972.— FSJF 2710, 5, 62–69 mm SL; Syria: Nahr al Marqiya at road bridge, 35.0306 35.9050.— FSJF 3076, 2, 60–68 mm SL; Türkiye: Göksu at Hamam, 2 km west of Mut, 36.6313 33.3674.— FSJF 3113, 8, 44–76 mm SL; Türkiye: Köprüçay at Belkıs, 3 km east of Serik, 36.9140 31.1609.— FSJF 4114, 1, 55 mm SL; Türkiye: Adana prov.: Eğlence about 1 km north of Torunsolaklı, 37.3188 35.2197. New material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF-DNA 3560; Türkiye: Adana prov.: Körkün River at Hacılı, 37.295 35.1539. (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696248).— FSJF-DNA 2571; Israel: Amnun Beach, Lake Tiberias, 32.8910 35.5943 (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696262, OQ696263).— FSJF-DNA 1155; Syria: Nahr al Marqiya at road bridge, 35.0306 35.9050 (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696265, OQ696266).— FFR-DNA 398; Türkiye: Adana prov.: Çakıt at Salbaş, 37.1031 35.1094 (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696252, OQ696252).— FFR-DNA 4259; Türkiye: Antalya prov.: stream Kargı, 36.6249 31.8131, (GenBank accession number: OQ696254). Diagnosis. Salariopsis burcuae is distinguished from other species of Salariopsis by having a short, usually branched (often simple in juveniles) cirrus above the eye (vs. simple in juvenile and adult S. atlantica and S. economidisi), not reaching to, or rarely overlapping the 9 th circum-orbital sensory pore (vs. overlapping, usually reaching much beyond in S. fluviatilis), many tiny black dots on the cheek not organised in rows or bands (vs. yellowish band between eye and operculum with a broad diagonal band of tiny black dots in S. fluviatilis, 3–5 rows of black dots in S. economidisi, no black dots in S. atlantica), and 20–28 teeth in the upper and 16–20 teeth in the lower jaw (vs. 13–15 and 14–16 in S. atlantica). The new species is also distinguished from its congeners by the possession of 13–15 dorsal simple rays (vs. 12–13). Description. See Figures 3–7 for general appearance and Table 3 for morphometric data. Small to medium sized species. Body compressed laterally, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Section of head triangular, flattened on ventral surface. Caudal peduncle short and compressed, 0.9–1.4 times deeper than long. Male with 2–3 glandular shaped tissue between first anal ray and anus. Posteriormost gland attached to first anal-fin ray. Supraocular tentacle branched. Lateral line incomplete, with 5–19 simple pores and 5–8 short bi-pore tubes. Dorsal fin with 13–15 simple and 13–16 segmented rays. First segmented dorsal-fin ray 1.4–1.9 times longer than first simple dorsal-fin ray. Maximum depth of simple-ray portion approximately equal to segmented-ray portion, usually shallower in female; posterior membranous attachment on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle anterior to caudal-fin base. Anal fin with 2 simple and 16–17 segmented rays, posterior membranous attachment on ventral edge of caudal peduncle anterior to caudal-fin base. Pectoral-fin with 1 simple 12–14 segmented rays. Pelvic-fin with (2) 3 segmented rays. Anterior nostril with a short end along posterior margin, never developed as supraocular tentacle. Supratemporal canal with (2) 3 pores. Preoperculo-mandibular canal with 10–11 pores. Circumorbital canal with 10–11 pores. Upper jaw with 18–27 teeth, posterior 2 on each side caniniform. Lower jaw with 15–18 teeth, posterior 2 on each side caniniform. Both sexes with a fleshy ridge or crest on head in individuals larger than 30 mm SL. Adult male larger than 30 mm SL with a well-developed crest, Adult female larger than 30 mm SL with a sharp ridge only. ...Continued on the next page Coloration. Background pale yellowish brown. Pattern highly variable, following the basal pattern described below. A midlateral row of 6–8 dark-brown blotches, more or less rectangular, horizontally elongated, irregularly shaped, alternating with 5–6 dark brown saddles along dorsal body contour and on base of dorsal fin. In some individuals, an intermediate row of horizontally elongated, irregular, dark brown spots or blotches or intermediate, irregularly shaped and set blotches forming a marbled or mottled pattern. Surface of lateral myomeres usually darker, rarely paler, than surface of myosepts resulting in a pattern of parallel edges of triangles. Many tiny black dots on upper flank. An upper and lower, pale-yellowish blotch at caudal peduncle. Head with four yellowish band. First from tip of snout to eye, two bands from eye to head-crest, one from eye to lower part of opercule. Bands except one from tip of snout to eye as well as head around eye and behind covered with many tiny black dots, not organised in rows. A large yellowish blotch at corner of mouth and adjacent, posterior part of upper lip, and one additional yellowish blotch on anterior part of lower jaw. A short additional yellowish band on lower jaw, all these without minute dots. Cirrus yellowish. Dorsal fin with dark blotches or band along base. A black botch between anterior two spines, conspicuous in female and juveniles, faint to indistinct in male. Anal fin plain greyish brown, with a white distal and a dark brown subdistal bands. Caudal fin with a dark brown blotch continuing mid-lateral row on flank; 3–4 vertical rows of dark brown spots on rays, usually with red or pink distal colouration. Pectoral-fin rays hyaline or tessellated and a few black spots equivalent to those on head and flank. Pelvic hyaline. Etymology. The species is named after Burcu Yoğurtçuoğlu, the wife of the first author, in gratitude for her profound inspiration, as well as admirable patience and support towards her husband’s endless travels to explore fishes. Her understanding, despite the occasional unintentional neglect due to her husband‘s tireless dedication to his work, have been invaluable to his achievements in ichthyology., Published as part of Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran, Kaya, Cüneyt, Atalay, Mustafa Altuğ, Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler & Freyhof, Jörg, 2023, Two new freshwater blennies from the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Teleostei: Blenniidae), pp. 85-104 in Zootaxa 5311 (1) on pages 90-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8090403, {"references":["Alagoz, S. (2016) Length-weight relationships for six freshwater fish species from the Seyhan Reservoir (south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32, 141 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jai. 12905","Kaya, C., Turan, D., Baycelebi, E., Kalayci, G. & Freyhof, J. (2020) Oxynoemacheilus cilicicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the Goksu River in southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4808 (2), 284 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4808.2.3","Erk'akan, F., Ozdemir, F. (2011) Revision of the Fish Fauna of Seyhan and Ceyhan River Basins in Turkey. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.3923 / rjbsci. 2011.1.8","Krupp, F. (1985) Systematik und Zoogeographie der Susswasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und der Ostkuste des Mittelmeers. Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, Mainz, 215 pp."]}

Key to species of Salariopsis 1a Supraocular tentacle unbranched......................................................................... 3 1b Supraocular tentacle branched........................................................................... 2 2a Supraocular tentacle short, usually not overlapping 9 th circum-orbital sensory pore; many tiny black dots on cheek not organised in rows or bands............................................................................... S. burcuae 2b Supraocular tentacle long, usually overlapping 9 th circum-orbital sensory pore; tiny black dots on cheek usually organised in rows, often with a broad diagonal band of tiny black dots from lower edge of eye downward backward......... S. fluviatilis 3a Pores of the lateral line black; no black dots on upper part of flank and on cheek.......................... S. renatorum 3b Pores of the lateral line not black; black dots present on cheek and/or upper part of flank............................. 4 4a 3–5 rows of black dots on cheek, many black dots on back; 25–30 upper and 20–27 lower jaw teeth......... S. economidisi 4b No black dots on cheek and upper back; 13–15 upper and 14–16 lower jaw teeth........................... S. atlantica, Published as part of Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran, Kaya, Cüneyt, Atalay, Mustafa Altuğ, Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler & Freyhof, Jörg, 2023, Two new freshwater blennies from the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Teleostei: Blenniidae), pp. 85-104 in Zootaxa 5311 (1) on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8090403

Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran, Kaya, Cüneyt, Atalay, Mustafa Altuğ, Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler, Freyhof, Jörg (2023): Two new freshwater blennies from the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Teleostei: Blenniidae). Zootaxa 5311 (1): 85-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.4

Salariopsis renatorum, new species (Figs. 8–11) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B7534639-E2A4-47CE-8513-C51289ECA4DA Holotype. FFR 4262, 61 mm SL; Türkiye: Kahramanmaraş prov.: Aksu at Pazarcık, 37.5390 37.3480. Paratype. FFR 4267, 4, 51–66 mm SL; FSJF 4118, 8, 41–69 mm SL; same data as holotype.—FFR 4265, 2, 57–62 mm SL; Türkiye: Kahramanmaraş prov.: Tekir River at Çağlayan, 36.7060 27.1358. Additional materials. FFR 4264, 5, 41–69 mm SL; FSJF 4119, 9, 41–54 mm SL; Türkiye: Osmaniye prov.: Karasu River at Günyazı, 37.0672 35.9662.— FFR 4263, 2, 51–53 mm SL; Türkiye: Hatay prov.: stream Haçahmetli at Hüyük 36.3691 35.9134. New material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF-DNA 3527; Türkiye: Hatay prov.: stream Hacahmetli at Arsuz, 36.3691 35.9134 (GenBank accession number: OQ696237).— FSJF-DNA 3539: Türkiye; Kahramanmaraş prov.: Aksu at Pazarcık, 37.5390 37.3480 (GenBank accession number: OQ696242).— FSJF-DNA 3553, 3565, 3568, 3569, 3571, 3574, 3583: Türkiye: Osmaniye prov.: Karasu at Günyazı, 37.0672 35.9662, (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696229, OQ696243, OQ696232, OQ696230, OQ696231, OQ696228, OQ696233).— FFR-DNA 4253; Türkiye: Osmaniye prov.: Karasu at Toprakkale, 37.0605 36.1122 (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696256, OQ696267, OQ696273).— FSJF-DNA 4250; Türkiye: Kahramanmaraş prov.: Aksu at Pazarcık, 37.5390 37.3480 (GenBank accession numbers: OQ696271, OQ696272). Diagnosis. Salariopsis renatorum is distinguished from other species in Salariposis by having black lateral-line pores (vs. yellowish or whitish) (Fig 12). It is further distinguished by having an unbranched cirrus above the eye (vs. branched in S. fluviatilis and S. burcuae), no black dots on the cheek and the upper part of the back (vs. present in S. economidisi, S. fluviatilis and S. burcuae), and 15–25 teeth in the upper and 15–21 teeth in the lower jaw (vs. 13–15 and 14–16 in S. atlantica, 25–30, and 20–27 in S. economidisi). It is further distinguished from S. burcuae by having a shorter snout (snout length 25–30% HL vs. 30–34), and 11–13 simple dorsal-fin rays (vs. 13–15). Description. See Figures 8–11 for general appearance and Table 4 for morphometric data. Small to medium sized species. Body compressed laterally, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Section of head triangular, flattened on ventral surface. Caudal peduncle short and compressed, 1.1–1.5 times deeper than long. Male with 2–3 glandular shaped tissue between first anal ray and anus. Posteriormost gland attached to first anal-fin ray. Supraocular tentacle simple. Lateral line incomplete, with 16–21 simple pores and 2–10 short bi-pore tubes. Dorsal fin with 11–13 simple and 15–18 segmented rays. First segmented dorsal-fin ray 1.2–1.6 times longer than first simple dorsal-fin ray. Depth of spinous portion approximately equal to segmented-ray portion, usually shallower in female; posterior membranous attachment on dorsal edge of caudal peduncle anterior to caudal-fin base. Anal fin with 2 simple and 14–17 segmented rays, posterior membranous attachment on ventral edge of caudal peduncle anterior to caudal-fin base. Pectoral-fin with 1 simple 12 segmented rays. Pelvic-fin with (2) 3 segmented rays. Anterior nostril with a short point along posterior margin, never developed as supraocular tentacle. Supratemporal canal with (2) 3 pores. Preoperculo-mandibular canal with 11–13 pores. Circum-orbital canal with 8–10 and preopercular canal with 7–8 pores. Upper jaw with 16–23 teeth, posterior 2 on each side caniniform. Lower jaw with 15–20 teeth, posterior 2 on each side caniniform. Both sexes with a fleshy ridge of crest on head in specimens larger than 30 mm SL.Adult male larger than 30 mm SL with a well-developed crest, adult female larger than 30 mm SL with sharp ridge only. Coloration. Background pale yellowish brown. Pores of the lateral line black. Pattern highly variable, following the basal pattern described below. No midlateral row of dark-brown blotches. 5–6 dark brown saddles along dorsal body contour and on base of dorsal fin. Surface of lateral myomeres usually darker, rarely paler, than surface of myosepts resulting in a pattern of parallel edges of triangles. No black dots on upper flank or on head. Lateral-line pores black. An upper and lower, pale-yellowish blotch at caudal peduncle. Head with five yellowish band, usually less distinct than in other Salariopsis. First from tip of snout to eye, usually very wide, fused with band on opposite site; snout yellowish without interruption. Two bands from eye to head-crest, two from eye to lower part of opercule. A large yellowish blotch at corner of mouth and adjacent, posterior part of upper lip, and one additional yellowish blotch on anterior part of lower jaw. A short additional yellowish band on lower jaw. Cirrus yellowish. Dorsal fin with dark blotches or band along base, rays usually tessellate, with whitish margin and wide, reddish or pink distal band. A black blotch between anterior two spines, conspicuous in female and juveniles, faint to indistinct in male. Anal fin plain greyish brown, with a white or yellow distal and dark brown subdistal bands. Caudal-fin base with a dark brown blotch; 3–6 vertical rows of dark brown spots on rays, usually red or pink. Pectoral-fin rays tessellated and a few black spots equivalent to those on head and flank. Pelvic hyaline. Etymology. Freely formed on “ renātus ”, perfect participle of the Latin verb “ renāscor ” signifying rejuvenation, renewal, or rebirth. The type locality of the species is situated in Pazarcık, which acted as the central location for the devastating earthquakes that impacted several Turkish cities, along with some Syrian regions, on February 6, 2023. These seismic events led to the loss of over 60,000 lives with a significant number of individuals injured and a substantial amount of structural damage. The species name is emblematic of the concepts of regeneration and revival, honouring the hope and resilience demonstrated by the communities impacted by these calamitous events. Additionally, the name is dedicated in memory of Gözde Bayırlı, a cousin of BY, as well as her family and all others who lost their lives during this tragic earthquake. Treated as a genitive plural., Published as part of Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran, Kaya, Cüneyt, Atalay, Mustafa Altuğ, Ekmekçi, Fitnat Güler & Freyhof, Jörg, 2023, Two new freshwater blennies from the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Teleostei: Blenniidae), pp. 85-104 in Zootaxa 5311 (1) on pages 96-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8090403

Channa argus (Cantor, 1842) [I]—Northern snakehead Taxonomy. Original description: Ophicephalus argus Cantor, 1842: 484 [Chusan Island, China; syntypes: BMNH 1843.7.21.3 (1), 1843.7.21.11–12 (9)].— Afghanistan synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 1005) as Ophiocephalus argus warpachowskii.—Illustration: Berg (1949: 1005, fig. 740) as Ophiocephalus argus warpachowskii. Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Coad (2014: 319).—Afghanistan materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan: Amu Darya.—General distribution: East Asia: China, Korea and Russia; introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species is mainly found in freshwater main rivers and smaller tributaries, as well as lakes and marshy water systems. This species is considered invasive and known to predate native fauna. It makes seasonal migrations in the autumn from lakes and bays to main riverbeds (deeper places of the main stream), where it hibernates, and in the spring it moves back to shallow areas. Freshwater. Economic importance. Commercially important. Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species)., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Cantor, T. E. (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, New Series, 9 (58, 59 & 60), 265 - 278, 361 - 370 + 481 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6704","Berg, L. S. (1949) s. n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries No. 29. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, pp. 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, 496 pp.]","Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp."]}

Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758) Remarks. This species was identified from European lakes. It is distributed throughout Europe. Afghanistan is not included in the natural distribution range of the species. The presence of the species needs clarification., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. Ed. X. [Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp."]}

Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) [N]—Zander Taxonomy. Original description: Perca lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758: 289 (European lakes; no types known).— Afghanistan synonyms: Lucioperca lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758); Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758).— Revisions: Berg (1949: 1020) as Lucioperca lucioperca.—Illustration: Berg (1949: 1021, fig. 748) as Lucioperca lucioperca. Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Berg (1949: 1027) as Lucioperca lucioperca; confirmed by Coad (1981: 16; 2014: 331; 2015: 229).—Afghanistan materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan: Amu Darya.—General distribution: Eastern and central Europe east to Aral Sea drainages; introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species occurs in large, turbid rivers and eutrophic lakes, brackish coastal lakes, and estuaries. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important. Conservation. Conservation status in Afghanistan: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (Freyhof & Kottelat 2008j).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.— Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. Ed. X. [Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp.","Berg, L. S. (1949) s. n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries No. 29. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, pp. 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, 496 pp.]","Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26.","Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp.","Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008 j) Sander lucioperca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e. T 20860 A 9231839. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 20860 A 9231839. en"]}

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W, Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid (2023): Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist. Zootaxa 5305 (1): 1-69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1

Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 [N]—European perch Taxonomy. Original description: Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758: 289 [Europe; syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.3 (1, left half-skin), 1853.11.12.2 (1, right half-skin)].— Afghanistan synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 1032).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 1033, fig. 756). Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Berg (1949: 1036); confirmed by Coad (1981: 16; 2014: 331).—Afghanistan materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan:Amu Darya basin.—General distribution: Europe. Introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species is found in a very wide range of habitats, from estuarine lagoons and lakes of all types to medium-sized streams. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. Commercially important. Conservation. Conservation status in Afghanistan: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (Freyhof & Kottelat 2008i).—Threats: No major threats known.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.— Decline status: Unknown.—Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vol. 1. Ed. X. [Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp.","Berg, L. S. (1949) s. n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries No. 29. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, pp. 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, 496 pp.]","Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26.","Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp."]}

Rhinogobius cheni (Nichols, 1931) Remarks. According to Coad (2014), the identities of these exotics in Afghanistan require confirmation. e.g., recent work has shown some Central Asian fish to be Rhinogobius cheni (Nichols 1931), according to Vasil’eva (2007) and Vasil’eva and Kuga (2008). The presence of the species needs clarification., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Nichols, J. T. (1931) Some Chinese fresh-water fishes. XXIX. A new goby from Hokou, Kiangsi. XXX. Six type specimens figured. American Museum Novitates, No. 499, 1 - 3.","Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp.","Vasil'eva, E. D. (2007) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) from Primor'e and water bodies of Central Asin and Kazakhstnn: I. Morphological characteristic and taxonomic status. Journal of Ichthyology, 47, 691 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945207090020","Vasil'eva, E. D. & Kuga, T. I. (2008) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) of Primorye and water bodies of Central Asia and Kazakhstan: II. Comparntive craniologica l nnn lysis of gobies introduced to Central Asia. Journal of Ichthyology, 48 (1), 29 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945208010037"]}

Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) [N]—Dwarf snakehead Taxonomy. Original description: Ophicephalus gachua Hamilton, 1822: 68, 367, pl. 21, fig. 21 (ponds and ditches of Bengal; no types known).— Afghanistan synonyms: Ophiocephalus aurantiacus Hamilton, 1822; Ophicephalus coramota Cuvier, 1831; Ophicephalus fuscus Cuvier, 1831; Ophicephalus marginatus Cuvier, 1829; Ophicephalus montanus McClelland, 1842.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Hamilton (1822: pl. 21, fig. 21) as Ophiocephalus gachua; Britz (2019: pl. 43). Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Day (1876b: 367); confirmed by Balon and Hensel (1970), Coad (1981: 17 as Ophicephalus gachua; 2014: 312; 2015: 229).—Afghanistan materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan: Kabul River.—General distribution: South Asia: Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India (West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goalpara, Visakhapatnam), Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Introduced in Yunnan (China).—Habitat: This species is present in almost all wetlands. Freshwater. Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade. Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry. Conservation. Conservation status in Afghanistan: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (Chaudhry 2010d).—Threats: Threats are not expected, but further investigation is required following taxonomic revision.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh and London, vii + 405 pp., pls. 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540","McClelland, J. (1842) On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq., F. L. S. Madras Medical Service, during his travels under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, from 1835 to 1842. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 2 (8), 560 - 589, pls. 6 + 15 + 18 + 21.","Britz, R. (2019) Francis Hamilton's Gangetic Fishes in colour. A new edition of the 1822 monograph, with reproductions of unpublished coloured illustrations. Ray Society, London, 48 + vii + 405 + vii pp., 228 pls.","Day, F. (1876 b) s. n. In: The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 2. B. Quaritch, London, pp. 169 - 368, pls. 41 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62705","Balon, E. K. & Hensel, K. (1970) Notes on small collection of fishes fromAfghanistan with a description of Glyptothorax jalalensis, sp n (Pisces, Sisoridae). Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolesnosti Zoologicke, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae, 34, 159 - 63.","Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26.","Chaudhry, S. (2010 d) Channa gachua. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e. T 166123 A 6179047. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2010 - 4. RLTS. T 166123 A 6179047. en"]}

Channa orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 [I] Spotted snakehead Taxonomy. Original description: Ophicephalus orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 496, pl. 90 (lower fig.) [Probably southwestern Sri Lanka [East Indies]; No types known. Type catalog: Paepke 1993:255].— Afghanistan synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Bloch & Schneider (1801: pl. 90, lower fig.) as Ophicephalus orientalis. Status in Afghanistan. First record from Talwar and Jhingram (1991).—Afghanistan material: CMN. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Afghanistan: Kabul River.—General distribution:South Asia:southwestern Sri Lanka endemic.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, and tanks, generally in the plains, and is also found in rice fields and irrigation channels. Adults prefer stagnant waters in muddy streams and breed throughout the year. Freshwater. Economic importance. Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance. Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species)., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, lx + 584 pp., 110 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750","Paepke, H. - J. (1993) Kritischer Katalog der Typen der Fischsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. Teil 5. Channoidei. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69 (No. 2), 255 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19930690205"]}

Rhinogobius lindbergi Berg, 1933 [I] — Lindberg’s goby Taxonomy. Original description: Rhinogobius similis lindbergi Berg 1933:654, fig. 612 [Amur River and Ussuri River, Russia; no types known].—Synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 1078) as Rhinogobius similis lindbergi; Gobius semilunaris Heckel, 1837.—Illustration: Berg (1933: fig. 612) as Rhinogobius similis lindbergi. Status in Afghanistan. First record from Afghanistan by Moravec and Amin (1978); confirmed by Coad (1981: 8; 2014: 319).—Turkish materials: None. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Khanabat River.—General distribution: East Asia: Amur River basin (Russia and Heilongjiang, China); introduced introduced elsewhere.—Habitat: This species inhabits freshwater lakes and rivers. It lives in shallow areas of rivers with a weak current and rocky or sandy soils, in shallow water with sandy bottoms. This species feeds on small crustaceans, insect larvae, and fish eggs. Larvae of the goby are often found in the summer in planktonic gatherings when they are caught in mouth sections of the rivers. Freshwater, brackish. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Reasons of introduction. Unknown: Inadvertently introduced by transboundary waterways for no known reason or method. Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species). Remarks. The specimens belong to genus Rhinogobius, previously been considered as Rhinogobius similis (Moravec and Amin 1978; Coad 1981, 2014). According to Coad (2014) the identity of these exotics in Afghanistan require confirmation. e.g., recent work shown some Central Asian fish to be Rhinogobius cheni (Nichols 1931), according to Vasil’eva (2007) and Vasil’eva and Kuga (2008). Sadeghi et al. (2019) claimed that the introduced populations of in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, previously identified as R. similis might belong to R. lindbergi. Indeed, Zarei et al (2021) revealed that the introduced goby designated as R. lindbergi is in this area., Published as part of Çiçek, Erdoğan, Fricke, Ronald, Eagderi, Soheil, Sungur, Sevil, Coad, Brian W & Hamdard, Mohammad Hamid, 2023, Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5305 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5305.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048564, {"references":["Berg, L. S. (1949) s. n. In: Ryby presnych vod SSSR i sopredelnych stan. [Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries]. Vol. 2. 4 th Edition. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR. [Guide to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R.], Moskva. Freshwater fishes of the U. S. S. R. and adjacent countries No. 29. Russian Academy of Sciences, USSR, Moskva, pp. 467 - 925. [in Russian, English translation appeared in Israel Program of Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1964, 496 pp.]","Moravec, F. & Amin, A. (1978) Some helminth parasites excluding Monogenea from fishes of Afghanistan. Acta Sci Nat Brun, 12, 1 - 45.","Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26.","Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp.","Nichols, J. T. (1931) Some Chinese fresh-water fishes. XXIX. A new goby from Hokou, Kiangsi. XXX. Six type specimens figured. American Museum Novitates, No. 499, 1 - 3.","Vasil'eva, E. D. (2007) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) from Primor'e and water bodies of Central Asin and Kazakhstnn: I. Morphological characteristic and taxonomic status. Journal of Ichthyology, 47, 691 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945207090020","Vasil'eva, E. D. & Kuga, T. I. (2008) Gobies of the genus Rhinogohius (Gobiidae) of Primorye and water bodies of Central Asia and Kazakhstan: II. Comparntive craniologica l nnn lysis of gobies introduced to Central Asia. Journal of Ichthyology, 48 (1), 29 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945208010037","Sadeghi, R., Esmaeili, H. R., Zarei, F., Esmaeili, A. & Abbasi, K. (2019) The taxonomic status of an introduced freshwater goby of the genus Rhinogobius to Iran (Teleostei: Gobi-idae). Zoology in the Middle East, 65, 51 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2018.1540149","Zarei, F., Esmaeili, H. R., Schliewen, U. K., Abbasi, K. & Sayyadzadeh, G. (2021) Mitochondrial phylogeny, diversity, and ichthyogeography of gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the oldest and deepest Caspian sub-basin and tracing source and spread pattern of an introduced Rhinogobius species at the tricontinental crossroad. Hydrobiologia, 848, 1267 - 1293. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 021 - 04521 - 0"]}

Genus Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 1801 TYPE SPECIES. — Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (type species by original designation)., Published as part of Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., Mora-Rojas, Laura, Hendricks, Kimberly, Vanegas, Andrés & Aguilera, Orangel, 2023, New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia, pp. 327-351 in Geodiversitas 45 (10) on page 334, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a10, http://zenodo.org/record/8056044, {"references":["BLOCH M. E. & SCHNEIDER J. G. 1801. - M. E. Blochii [...] Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit. Saxo, J. G. Schneider, 584 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750"]}

cf. Astronotus sp. (Fig. 2 H1-H4). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Isolated dentary bone (VPPLT-668A) LOCALITY. — La Victoria Fm. Tatacoita (see Fig. 1 B; Appendix 1). DESCRIPTION VPPLT-668A is a short and high left dentary bone, 22 mm in length and missing the posterior part of the mandibular sensory canal and the coronoid process (Fig. 2 H1-H4). The dorsal margin is well preserved, but all teeth are missing. There are approximately six circular tooth implantation rows, with the first three from the outer border best defined (Fig. 2 H3). Enlarged bases characterize the outer tooth row, reaching up to twice the diameter of those bases of the other inner rows. The external face of the dentary has three well-developed foramina on the bony mandibular canal. The largest one is oval in shape (Fig. 2 H1) and corresponds with the foramen “f.5” referred by Casciotta & Arratia (1993). In the ventral section of the dentary, abundant small foramina can be observed. REMARKS Our comparison (based on osteological collections and literature review) suggests that VPPLT-668A is clearly different from other medium/large sizes South American cichlids such as Acaronia Myers, 1940, Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray, 1894, Caquetaia Fowler, 1945, Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 1801, Cichlasoma Swainson, 1839, Crenicichla Heckel, 1840, Geophagus Heckel, 1840, Retroculus Eigenmann & Bray, 1894, Satanoperca Günther, 1862, Symphysodon Heckel, 1840, and Uaru Heckel, 1840. The dentary shape and the pattern and size of the tooth implantation rows in VPPLT-668A resemble the jaw morphology of Astronotus (see Fig. 2 I1-I2). These are features that are “apparently” observed only in this genus; although this should be confirmed in the future with more detailed studies on cranial elements of the South American cichlids. Our osteological comparisons with specimens of Astronotus were restricted to Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831). The genus Astronotus is represented by three extant species, Astronotus ocellatus, Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840), and Astronotus mikoljii (Pérez-Lozano et al. 2022). The natural distribution of Astronotus includes the Amazon, Orinoco, upper Paraná, and French Guiana basins (Pérez-Lozano et al. 2022), with habitat preference of quiet shallow waters (van der Sleen & Albert 2018). Due to the state of preservation of VPPLT-668A, and the absence of more specimens with other diagnostic characters, we are unable to classify this fossil beyond cf. Astronotus sp. The presence of cf. Astronotus in the middle Miocene of the Honda Group represents the first fossil record for the genus. Neotropical cichlids, with at least 44 genera, constitute the third most speciose group of freshwater fishes in South America (van der Sleen & Albert 2018). Despite the high species richness, few studies based on comparative descriptions of cranial elements (e.g., dentaries, maxillary, and premaxillary bones) have been carried out (e.g., Casciotta & Arratia 1993). One of the problems added to the study of isolated fossil cichlid dentaries is that the morphology of dentary bone is similar among Neotropical cichlids (Casciotta & Arratia 1993). Nevertheless, morphological features can allow some tentative assignments as long as the comparisons are supported by diversity in comparative osteological material., Published as part of Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., Mora-Rojas, Laura, Hendricks, Kimberly, Vanegas, Andrés & Aguilera, Orangel, 2023, New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia, pp. 327-351 in Geodiversitas 45 (10) on page 334, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a10, http://zenodo.org/record/8056044, {"references":["CASCIOTTA J. R. & ARRATIA G. 1993. - Jaws and teeth of American cichlids (Pisces: Labroidei). Journal of Morphology 217 (1): 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1052170102","MYERS G. S. 1940. - Suppression of Acaropsis and Chalcinus, two preoccupied generic names of South American fresh-water fishes. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 1 (5): 1 - 170.","EIGENMANN C. H. & BRAY W. L. 1894. - A revision of the American Cichlidae. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 7 (1): 607 - 624. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1893. tb 55412. x","FOWLER H. W. 1945. - Colombian zoological survey. Part I. The fresh-water fishes obtained in 1945. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 97: 93 - 135. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4064382","BLOCH M. E. & SCHNEIDER J. G. 1801. - M. E. Blochii [...] Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit. Saxo, J. G. Schneider, 584 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750","SWAINSON W. 1839. - On the Natural History and Classification of Fishes, Amphibians, & Reptiles. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, and John Taylor, London, 448 p.","HECKEL J. J. 1840. - Johann Natterer's neue Flussfische Brasilien's nach den Beobachtungen und Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben (Erste Abtheilung, Die Labroiden). Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 2: 325 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101457","GUNTHER A. C. L. G. 1862. - Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 5. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees, London, 534 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8809","PEREZ-LOZANO A., LASSO-ALCALA O. M., BITTENCOURT P. S., TAPHORN D. C., PEREZ N. & FARIAS I. P. 2022. - A new species of Astronotus (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins, northern South America. ZooKeys 1113: 111 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1113.81240","VAN DER SLEEN P. & ALBERT J. S. 2018. - Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princenton University Press, New Jersey, 464 p."]}

cf. Cichla sp. (Fig. 2 J1-J3). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Isolated dentary bone (VPPLT-668B). LOCALITY. — La Victoria Fm. Tatacoita (see Fig. 1 B; Appendix 1). DESCRIPTION VPPLT-668B is an incomplete dentary bone of 16 mm in length, missing the posterior part of the mandibular sensory canal and the coronoid process (Fig. 2 J1-J2). The external face of the dentary preserves four well-developed foramina on the bony mandibular canal, the two smallest being located close to the dentary symphysis. All teeth are missing, and the preserved dorsal margin is characterized by six to seven circular tooth implantations rows of small size. REMARKS VPPLT-668B is easily distinguishable from VPPLT-668A assigned to cf. Astronotus. Our osteological comparisons suggest a close resemblance between VPPLT-668B and the dentaries of extant Cichla species (Fig. 2 K1-K3) than with those of Crenicichla or other medium/large sizes South American cichlids. Although VPPLT-668B is incomplete, its dentary shape and the pattern and size of the tooth implantations rows resemble the jaw morphology of Cichla species. However, due to the state of preservation of VPPLT-668B and the absence of more specimens, for now, we prefer to refer to this fossil as cf. Cichla sp. The genus Cichla, contains the largest cichlid of South America, and is represented by at least 15 species from the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers of the Guianas (Froese & Pauly 2022). The extant species have a wide range of habitat preferences, including rivers and floodplain lakes (van der Sleen & Albert 2018). The presence of cf. Cichla in the middle Miocene of the Honda Group represents the first fossil record for the genus. From the Honda Group, Lundberg (1997) reported three premaxillaries, three dentaries, and two anguloarticular bones in fragmentary condition as indeterminate cichlids from the Fish Bed locality, suggesting a lack of morphological characters and relation to modern cichlids. Future work with more detailed anatomical comparisons on the specimens that Lundberg (1997) reported could support or contrast these assignments. Other new cichlid material reported herein includes an isolated anal spine (VPPLT-1164) coming from the Km 121 locality (Appendix 1). The spine is 18 mm in length, robust and elongated, with a sharp end at the apical section, and typical of the anal region (Fig. 2 L1-L2); nevertheless, taxonomic identification based on isolated spines is not possible., Published as part of Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., Mora-Rojas, Laura, Hendricks, Kimberly, Vanegas, Andrés & Aguilera, Orangel, 2023, New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia, pp. 327-351 in Geodiversitas 45 (10) on page 334, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a10, http://zenodo.org/record/8056044, {"references":["FROESE R. & PAULY D. (EDS) 2022. - FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. fishbase. org (02 / 2022)","VAN DER SLEEN P. & ALBERT J. S. 2018. - Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princenton University Press, New Jersey, 464 p.","LUNDBERG J. G. 1997. - Fishes of the La Venta fauna: Additional taxa, biotic and paleoenvironmental implications, in KAY R. F., MADDEN R. H., CIFELLI R. L. & FLYNN J. J. (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London: 67 - 91."]}

Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., Mora-Rojas, Laura, Hendricks, Kimberly, Vanegas, Andrés, Aguilera, Orangel (2023): New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia. Geodiversitas 45 (10): 327-351, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a10

FAMILY Blenniidae Meiacanthus anema (Bleeker, 1852); Native; Threadless Blenny; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 29571-72, USNM 137850; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Omobranchus ferox (Herre, 1927); Native; Gossamer Blenny; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 67264; Herre 1953; LC, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663.","Herre, A. W. C. T. (1927) The Philippine bureau of science monographic publications on fishes: gobies of the Philippines and China Sea. Monograph of the Bureau of Science Manila, 23, 1 - 352."]}

FAMILY Haemulidae Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775); Native; Silver Grunt; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; USNM 146895; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663."]}

FAMILY Pomacentridae Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier 1830; Native; Threespot Damsel; Found in coastal wetlands across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC

FAMILY Terapontidae Mesopristes argenteus (Cuvier, 1829); Native; Silver Grunter; Found in wetlands and river basins across Philippines; USNM 182723; Herre 1953; LC Mesopristes cancellatus (Cuvier, 1829); Native; Tapiroid Grunter; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; USNM 431485; Herre 1953; LC Mesopristes iravi Yoshino, Yoshigou & Senou, 2002; Native; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; DD Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775); Native; Jarbua Terapon; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 335507; Herre 1953; LC Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864); Endemic; Ayungin; Endemic to Luzon Island, Introduced elsewhere in river basins across the Philippines; ZMB 6681, BMNH 1868.7.10.1; Kottelat 2013, Bestre et al. 2018; VU, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663.","Bestre, E. C., Lumiquio, A. M. & Napaldet, J. T. (2018) Fishes and shell diversity of major rivers of Benguet, Philippines. Journal of Wetlands Biodiversity, 8,59 - 85."]}

FAMILY Callionymidae Eleutherochir opercularis (Valenciennes 1837); Native; Flap-Gilled Dragonet; Found in coastal wetlands and rivers of Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao Islands; Kottelat 2013; NE, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663."]}

FAMILY Rhyacichthyidae Rhyacichthys aspro (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Loach Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; UWFC UW 008488; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; DD

FAMILY Lethrinidae Lethrinus miniatus (Forster, 1801); Native; Trumpet Emperor; Found in Luzon, Palawan, Visayas, Mindanao Island groups; Kottelat 2013; LC Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775); Native; Spangled Emperor; Found in Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013; LC

FAMILY Gobiidae Amblygobius buanensis Herre, 1927; Native; Buan Goby; Found in rivers of Mindanao Islands; Kottelat 2013; LC Awaous grammepomus (Bleeker, 1849); Native; Scribbled Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Awaous litturatus (Steindachner, 1861); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; NMW 29507, CAS-SU 23362-63; Kottelat 2013; DD Awaous melanocephalus (Bleeker, 1849); Native; Largesnout Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013, DD Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet, 1782); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 139338, KAUM 80840; Motomura et al. 2017; LC Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830); Native; Dusky Frillgoby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Brachygobius aggregatus Herre, 1940; Native; Schooling Bumblebee Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 18082; Kottelat 2013; DD Caecogobius cryptophthalmus Berti & Ercolini, 1991; Endemic; Endemic to Calbiga Cave System, Samar Island; MSNVR 1262; Kottelat 2013, Larson & Husana 2018; CR Caecogobius personatus Larson & Husana 2018; Endemic; Endemic to Mindanao Island; PNM 15353, ZRC 56329; Larson & Husana 2018; EN Callogobius hasseltii (Bleeker, 1851); Native; Hasselt’s Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; NE Caragobius urolepis (Bleeker, 1852); Native; Scaleless Worm Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 435245; Murdy & Shibukawa K 2003; LC Cristatogobius nonatoae (Ablan, 1940); Native; Found in rivers of Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013; NE Eugnathogobius illotus (Larson, 1999); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Exyrias volcanus (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Bia; Endemic to Lake Taal, Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013; CR Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854); Native; Indo-Pacific Tropical Sand Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Glossogobius aureus Akihito & Meguro, 1975; Native; Golden Tank Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 438151; Aquino et al. 2011, Motomura et al. 2017; LC Glossogobius bicirrhosus (Weber, 1894); Native; Bearded Flathead Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 55622; Herre 1953; LC Glossogobius celebius (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Celebes Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; FMNH 40597; Herre 1953, Abroguena et al. 2020; LC Glossogobius circumspectus (Macleay, 1883); Native; Circumspect Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953; LC Glossogobius clitellus Hoese & Allen, 2012; Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953; LC Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822); Native; Tank Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; ANSP 122164; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Glossogobius obscuripinnis (Peters, 1868); Native; Found in river basins of Luzon Island; ZMB 6498; Kottelat 2013; DD Gobiopterus brachypterus (Bleeker, 1855); Native; Found in river basins of Luzon Island; USNM 260677-78; Kottelat 2013; DD Gobiopterus lacustris (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Lacustrine Goby; Endemic to Luzon Island; ZMA 115798; Aquino et al. 2011, Kottelat 2013; DD Gobiopterus stellatus (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Dwarf Freshwater Goby; Endemic to Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013; DD Gobiosoma pallida Herre, 1934; Native; Found in river basins of Mindanao Island, maybe a synonym of Cryptocentroides insignis; CAS-SU 28609; Kottelat 2013; DD Gobitrichinotus radiocularis Fowler, 1943; Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 99549; Kottelat 2013; LC Hemigobius hoevenii (Bleeker, 1851); Native; Banded Mullet Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Lentipes armatus Sakai & Nakamura, 1979; Native; Peppermint Armour Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; ROM 73752; Maeda et al., 2021a; NE Lentipes kijimuna Maeda & Kobayashi, 2021; Native; Kijimuna goby; Found in rivers of Visayas Islands; Maeda et al. 2021a; NE Lentipes mindanaoensis Chen, 2004; Endemic; Endemic to river basins of Eastern Mindanao Island; NMMB P 4821; Maeda et al. 2021a; DD Lentipes palawanirufus Maeda & Palla, 2021; Endemic; Palawan Lentipes Goby; Endemic to river basins of Palawan Island; NSMT-P 136936; Maeda et al. 2021b; NE Mangarinus waterousi Herre, 1943; Native; Found in river basins of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao Islands; CAS-SU 36817; Kottelat 2013; DD Mistichthys luzonensis Smith, 1902; Endemic; Sinarapan; Endemic to Lakes and river basins of Albay Peninsula, Southern Luzon Island; USNM 50303-04; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; VU Mugilogobius cagayanensis (Aurich, 1938); Endemic; Endemic to lakes of Cagayan Island, Sulu Archipelago, Mindanao; ZMH H420; Kottelat 2013; EN Mugilogobius mertoni (Weber, 1911); Native; Chequered Mangrove Goby; Found in river basins of Luzon and Visayas Islands; CAS-SU 39885; Kottelat 2013; LC Oligolepis acutipennis (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Sharptail Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 241803; Herre 1953; LC Oligolepis stomias (Smith, 1941); Native; Found in wetlands and rivers of Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao Islands; Kottelat 2013; DD Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema (Bleeker, 1856); Native; Eyebrow Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 26336; Herre 1953; LC Pandaka pygmaea Herre, 1927; Native; Dwarf Pygmy Goby; Found in rivers of Southern Luzon and Northern Palawan; CAS-SU 23761, CAS-SU 18143; Herre 1953; DD Pandaka trimaculata Akihito & Meguro, 1975; Native; Found in lakes and river basins of Palawan, Visayas and Mindanao Islands; PNM 5534-5536; Kottelat 2013; NE Psammogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Sleepy Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 51948; Herre 1953, Ikejima 2006; LC Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (Bleeker, 1875); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953; LC Pseudogobius javanicus (Bleeker, 1856); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 38641-42; Larson & Hammer 2021; NE Pseudogobius melanosticta (Day, 1876); Native; Black-Spotted Snubnose Goby; Found in rivers across the Philippines; Larson & Hammer 2021; LC Pseudogobius poicilosoma (Bleeker, 1849); Native; Northern Fatnose Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Larson & Hammer 2021; LC Redigobius balteatus (Herre, 1935); Native; Rhinohorn Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 241868; Kottelat 2013; LC Redigobius bikolanus (Herre, 1927); Native; Speckled Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 341235, CAS-SU 30967; Kottelat 2013, Corpus et al. 2015; LC Redigobius chrysosoma (Bleeker, 1875); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Redigobius dispar (Peters, 1868); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; VU Redigobius oyensi (de Beaufort, 1913); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Redigobius tambujon (Bleeker, 1854); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 263429; Kottelat 2013; LC Rhinogobius brunneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 315665; Kottelat 2013; DD Rhinogobius bucculentus (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Endemic to river basins of Northern Luzon Island; CAS-SU 26366; Kottelat 2013, Maeda et al. 2021b; VU Rhinogobius carpenteri Seale, 1910; Endemic; Kuchu; Endemic to river basins of Northern Luzon Island; CAS-SU 26367, KIZ 2016003044; Kottelat 2013, Maeda et al. 2021b; DD Rhinogobius estrellae Maeda, Kunishima & Palla 2021; Endemic; Estrella Goby; Endemic to river basins of Palawan Island; NSMT-P 140091; Maeda et al. 2021b; NE Rhinogobius philippinus Herre, 1927; Endemic; Lizard Goby; Endemic to river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 38601; Kottelat 2013, Maeda et al. 2021b; DD Rhinogobius tandikan Maeda, Kunishima & Palla 2021; Endemic; Tandikan Goby; Endemic to river basins of Palawan Island; NSMT-P 140093; Maeda et al. 2021b; NE Schismatogobius ampluvinculus Chen, Shao & Fang, 1995; Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; DD Schismatogobius bruynisi de Beaufort, 1912; Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 29987; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Schismatogobius deraniyagalai Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1989; Native; Redneck Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Schismatogobius insignis (Herre, 1927); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 30968; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; EN Schismatogobius marmoratus (Peters, 1868); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; ZMB 6756; Herre 1953 Kottelat 2013; LC Schismatogobius roxasi Herre, 1936; Native; Found in rivers of Visayas Islands; CAS-SU 30968; Herre 1953; NE Schismatogobius saurii Keith, Lord, Hadiaty & Hubert, 2017; Native; Found in coastal rivers across the Philippines; Keith et al. 2017; LC Sicyopterus cynocephalus (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Cleft-Lipped Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; ZMUC 20922; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770); Native; Red-Tailed Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 38607, MNHN-IC 2015-0318; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013, Opiso et al. 2014, Garcia et al. 2018; LC Sicyopterus longifilis de Beaufort, 1912; Native; Threadfin Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; FMNH 40587; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Sicyopterus macrostetholepis (Bleeker, 1853); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; DD Sicyopterus micrurus (Bleeker, 1853); Native; Clinging goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 99637; Kottelat 2013; DD Sicyopus auxilimentus Watson & Kottelat, 1994; Native; Found in rivers of Visayas Island; ZRC 38286; Kottelat 2013; DD Sicyopus zosterophorus (Bleeker, 1856); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Silhouettea flavoventris (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Endemic to Lake Taal, Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013, Suzuki, Shibukawa & Aizawa, 2017; CR Stenogobius genivittatus (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Chinstripe Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Stenogobius kyphosus Watson, 1991; Endemic; Found in river basin of Visayas and Mindanao Island; USNM 99878; Kottelat 2013; VU Stenogobius ophthalmoporus (Bleeker, 1853); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; MNHN 0000-6159, ZMB 6679-80; Kottelat 2013; LC Stigmatogobius elegans Larson, 2005; Endemic; Endemic to river basin of Northern Luzon Island; USNM 314469; Kottelat 2013; EN Stiphodon atropurpureus (Herre, 1927); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 81763; Kottelat 2013; LC Stiphodon palawanensis Maeda & Palla, 2015; Native; Endemic to river basins of Palawan Island; NSMT-P 45091-2; Maeda & Palla 2015; LC Stiphodon pulchellus (Herre, 1927); Endemic; Endemic to river basins of Palawan and Visayas Islands; CAS-SU 26360; Kottelat 2013, Maeda & Palla 2015; VU Stiphodon semoni Weber, 1895; Native; Found in rivers of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao; Kottelat 2013; LC Stiphodon surrufus Watson & Kottelat, 1995; Native; Found in river basins of Visayas and Mindanao Islands; ZRC 38394; Kottelat 2013; LC Taenioides anguillaris (Linnaeus, 1758); Native; Eel Worm Goby; USNM 405962-5; Kottelat 2013; LC Taenioides caniscapulus Roxas & Ablan, 1938; Endemic; Endemic to rivers of Visayas Islands; Kottelat 2013; NE Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1860); Native; Bearded Worm Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 29697, USNM 243405; Kottelat 2013; DD Taenioides gracilis (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Slender Eel Goby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; Kottelat 2013; LC Tamanka siitensis Herre, 1927; Endemic; Endemic to Mindanao Island; USNM 87128; Kottelat 2013; EN Trypauchenichthys typus Bleeker, 1860; Native; Typical Eelgoby; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 20261; Kottelat 2013; DD Yongeichthys nebulosus (Forsskål 1775); Native; Found in river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 26236; Kottelat 2013; NE, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on pages 167-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1927) The Philippine bureau of science monographic publications on fishes: gobies of the Philippines and China Sea. Monograph of the Bureau of Science Manila, 23, 1 - 352.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663.","Motomura, H., Alama, U. B., Muto, N., Babaran, R. P. & Ishikawa, S. (2017) Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanities and Nature, Kyoto, 246 pp.","Larson, H. K. & Husana, D. E. M. (2018) A new species of the blind goby Caecogobius (Gobioidei, Gobiidae, Gobionellinae) from a cave system on Mindanao Island, Philippines. Ichthyological Research, 66, 97 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 018 - 0659 - y","Murdy, E. O. & Shibukawa, K. (2003) A revision of the Indo - Pacific fish genus Caragobius (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa, 310 (1), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 301.1.1","Aquino, L. M. G., Tango, J. M., Canoy, R. J. C., Fontanilla, I. K. C., Basiao, Z. U., Ong, P. S. & Quilang, J. P. (2011) DNA barcoding of fishes of Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Mitochondrial DNA, 22 (4), 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.3109 / 19401736.2011.624613","Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Abroguena, J. B. R., Range, P., Cruz, W., Tentia-Lagumen, M. C. & Chicharo, L. (2020) Fish communities and environmental variables during dry season in Pampanga estuary (Philippines). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 34, 101053. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rsma. 2020.101053","Maeda, K., Kobayashi, H., Palla, H. P., Shinzato, C., Koyanagi, R., Montenegro, J., Nagano, A. J., Saeki, T., Kunishima, T., Mukai, T., Tachihara, K., Laudet, V., Satoh, N. & Yamahira, K (2021) Do colour-morphs of an amphidromous goby represent different species? Taxonomy of Lentipes (Gobiiformes) from Japan and Palawan, Philippines, with phylogenomic approaches. Systematics and Biodiversity, 19 (8), 1080 - 1112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2021.1971792","Ikejima, K., Ronquillo, J. D., Corre Jr., V. L. & Dureza, V. A. (2006) Fish assemblages in abandoned ponds and waterways surrounding brackish water aquaculture ponds in Panay Island, the Philippines. Asian Fisheries Science, 19, 293 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.33997 / j. afs. 2006.19.3.009","Larson, H. K. & Hammer, M. P. (2021) A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4961 (1), 1 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4961.1.1","Keith, P., Lord, C., Darhuddin, H., Limmon, G., Sukmono, T., Hadiaty, R. & Hubert, N. (2017) Schismatogobius (Gobiidae) from Indonesia, with description of four new species. Cybium, 41 (2), 195 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2017 - 412 - 010","Opiso, E. M., Quimpang, V. T., Leano, E. P., Galan, G. L., Acma, F. M., Coritico, F. P., Labadan, A., Forten, R. R., Coquilla, K. L., Bruno, A. G. & Amoroso, V. B. (2014) Assessment of biodiversity and water quality in association with land use in the Alanib River, Mt. Kitanglad Range Park, Philippines. Asian Journal of biodiversity, 5, 54 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.7828 / ajob. v 5 i 1.481","Garcia, M. P. C., Paz-Alberto, A. M., Abella, T. A., Sace, C. F., Claudio, E. G. & Gabriel, A. G. (2018). Assessment of the diversity of macro aquatic species in Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet in the Philippines. Open Journal of Marine Science, 8, 323 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.4236 / ojms. 2018.83018","Suzuki, T., Shibukawa, K. & Aizawa, M. (2017) Rhinogobius mizunoi, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science), 46, 79 - 95.","Maeda, K. & Palla, H. P. (2015) A new species of the genus Stiphodon from Palawan, Philippines (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae). Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 381 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4018.3.3"]}

FAMILY Ambassidae Ambassis buruensis Bleeker, 1856; Native; Buru Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; NE Ambassis gymnocephalus (Lacepède, 1802); Native; Bald Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Ambassis interrupta Bleeker, 1853; Native; Long-Spined Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; CAS-ICH 7194-98; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013, Corpus et al. 2016; LC Ambassis kopsii Bleeker, 1858; Native; Singapore Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; NE Ambassis macracanthus Bleeker, 1849; Native; Estuarine Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; DD Ambassis miops Günther, 1872; Native; Flag-Tailed Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Ambassis nalua (Hamilton, 1822); Native; Scalloped Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; LC Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker, 1852; Native; Banded-Tail Glass Perchlet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Ikejima et al. 2006, Kottelat 2013; LC, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663.","Ikejima, K., Ronquillo, J. D., Corre Jr., V. L. & Dureza, V. A. (2006) Fish assemblages in abandoned ponds and waterways surrounding brackish water aquaculture ponds in Panay Island, the Philippines. Asian Fisheries Science, 19, 293 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.33997 / j. afs. 2006.19.3.009"]}

Family Labridae Choerodon typus (Bleeker 1856); Native; Blue-Banded Wrasse; Found in coastal rivers of Luzon Island; Kottelat 2013; LC, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663."]}

FAMILY Kuhliidae Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier, 1829); Native; Dark-Margined Flagtail; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 385606; Herre 1953; LC Kuhlia rupestris Lacepède, 1802; Native; Rock Flagtail; Found in river basins across the Philippines; USNM 309348; Herre 1953; LC, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295."]}

FAMILY Polynemidae Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804); Native; Fourfinger Threadfin; Found in rivers and wetlands across the Philippines; Herre 1953, Kottelat 2013; NE, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Herre, A. W. C. T. (1953) Check list of Philippine fishes. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Report, 20, 293 - 295.","Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 27, 1 - 663."]}