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Background Micronutrient deficiency is a known cause of adverse neurodevelopment and growth. Poor adherence to oral regimes of micronutrient supplements is a known challenge during the implementation of supplementation programs. The present study evaluates the benefits of liposomal encapsulated micronutrient fortified body oils (LMF oil) that can be used for infant body massage in terms of neurodevelopment and prevention of deficiency. Study design Double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods A total of 444 healthy infants aged 4-7 weeks were randomized to receive either LMF oil (containing iron, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12) or placebo oil for gentle body massage till 12 months of age. Blood samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for transferrin saturation (TSAT), hemoglobin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin (25-OH-D) levels. Mental and motor development was assessed at 12 months using developmental assessment for Indian Infants (DASII). Results A total of 391 infants completed the study. There was no significant improvement in the hemoglobin in the intervention group at 12 months of age as compared to the placebo group [− 0.50 vs.-0.54 g%]. There was a marginally significant improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months in the LMF oil group [+ 1.46vs.-0.18 ng/ml, p = 0.049]. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age [adjusted mean change + 0.11vs.-0.51 g%, p = 0.043]. The mental or motor developmental quotients in the intervention group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Conclusion Use of LMF oil for prevention of nutritional deficiency did not offer significant protection against nutritional anemia but prevented vitamin D deficiency to some extent with improvement in 25-OH-D at 12 months. In the subgroup of infants with moderate anemia, the intervention prevented the decline in hemoglobin at 12 months of age. The intervention did not result in significant improvement in mental or motor development. Further evaluation with increased doses needs to be undertaken. Trial registration CTRI no: CTRI/2017/11/010710; dated 30/11/2017.

In India Anemia is more prevalent and case rate is very high compared to world average. More than half of India’s children and women are anemic according to national family health survey 2019-20. There is a dire need to look into causes and prevention of anemia. With regular care and proper diet, we can reduce anemic cases easily. In this paper we are going to discuss causes of anemia, signs and symptoms, homeopathic management, treatment and simple prevention measures.

Background: Anemia is an important comorbidity in under-five children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The data on evaluation of SAM are limited. Aim: This study was done for analysis of incidence and types of anemia prevalent in SAM children. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective observational study conducted from July 2017 to December 2018. A total of 260 children of age

We report a case of 42-year-old male presented with acute onset breathlessness and blurring of vision in both eyes. Upon evaluation, the patient is found to have vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia; ophthalmoscopic examination revealed bilateral preretinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. This case documents the occurrence of retinopathy in nutritional dimorphic anemia causing blindness which is reversible after correction of anemia.

HbQ variants are rare alpha globin chain variants commonly found in Sindhi community. It results from a point mutation of α-1 globin gene at position 223 of the coding region of exon 64. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. HbQ-India is usually clinically silent in heterozygous state unless associated with other conditions like beta thalassemia, alpha thalassemia, HbE disease, or nutritional anemia. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identifies HbQ-India with a prominent peak present just after the Sickle window. We present five cases of HbQ-India from a retrospective analysis of 6034 cases over a period of 3 years, a rarity in a referral setting of South India. Awareness of this entity is important for appropriate recognition to prevent clinically symptomatic hemoglobinopathies. This study also highlights the retention time (RT) and characteristic chromatographic HPLC pattern seen in HbQ-India.

In the stage of growth and development, adolescence is the stage where a person experiences a transition to adulthood. Nutritional needs in adolescents are higher than the age of the child. Increased nutritional requirements in adolescence were energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc. Many problems faced by adolescents related to nutrition and health problems. As for the problems that were usually experienced in the teenage phase are Obesity and Anemia. Anemia is a condition when the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells was below normal. In women, normal hemoglobin is 12-16 gr percent and erythrocytes 3.5-4.5 million / mm3. Many things could be factors anemia, one of the causes was a lack of iron (Fe) so called iron deficiency anemia or iron nutritional anemia. This research was descriptive by using primary data obtained through the use of questionnaires where the sample used was total sampling from the entire population, namely 32 female students of SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan. In this research found the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge as many as 27 people (84.37%). For this reason, it was expected that the SMA Dharma Bhakti Medan students can expand their knowledge, especially about Iron Nutrition Anemia to find out the signs and symptoms of Iron Nutrition Anemia in order to prevent the occurrence of cases of Iron Nutrition Anemia in young women.

Introduction Pancytopenia is a clinical entity encountered in pediatric practice as a feature of various benign and malignant disorders. It describes the simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Attempts to identify the correct etiology and gauging the severity of pancytopenia will help to determine the management and prognosis of the patients. Objectives To study etio-hematological profile, clinical correlates and outcome of pancytopenia in Indian children Methods This prospective observational study of children with pancytopenia was conducted at a tertiary care center from August 2015 to July 2016. Clinical, hematological and bone marrow studies were performed and patients were followed for one year. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results Out of 84 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 70 (70.77±4.8) months. Bone marrows showed aplastic changes in 37% and hyperplasia in 14% of patients. In our study, most common causes were aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and nutritional anemia. During the first year of follow-up, 67% pancytopenics survived and 12% succumbed (rest discontinued treatment) with ~26% of aplastic anemia (7/27 cases) and 9% of acute leukemia (2/22 cases) not surviving. Anthropometric status of patients and severity in aplastic anemia were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with outcome. Conclusion The data gathered support a complex picture for pancytopenia in our study population since both benign nutritional deficiencies and malignant hematological neoplasms were common. Bone marrow studies seem to be of salient use in delineating etiology. As the outcome is multifactorial, factors like anthropometry, hematological parameters have a bearing on prognosis.

Nutritional anemias in children are important for the clinician to be able to recognize, diagnosis, and treat. Iron deficiency is not only the most common nutritional anemia but also the most common cause of anemia in infancy and childhood. Iron deficiency anemia has important health ramifications including effects on neurodevelopment. Dietary modifications can prevent iron deficiency, and if iron deficiency develops, simple interventions help prevent cognitive detriments. Given the common prevalence of this disease and its impact on neurodevelopment, it is imperative that primary care physicians recognize the condition early and initiate treatment.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in children aged 0-35 months in Lithuania. Nevertheless, there are no studies investigating IDA in this age group. We aimed to identify the major risk factors for disease development focusing on medical history and dietary habits.A prospective case-control study was conducted in a university hospital. The enrolled cohort was divided into three groups: IDA infants (IDA-In; n = 36, aged 3-11 months), IDA children (IDA-Ch; n = 23, aged 12-32 months), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 32, aged 6-34 months).There was a higher number of premature, low birth weight (LBW), and faster gaining weight infants in the IDA-In group. Their diet diversity was lower than IDA-Ch and HC. In contrast, the IDA-Ch group had no signs of impaired iron stores at birth or higher iron need for fast growth; their diet diversity was similar to that of HC, but meat was introduced later as compared with those in the IDA-In and HC groups. Consumption of cow's milk was rather low among all study participants, but consumption of sugar-added products was found to be a new emerging problem. Exclusive breastfeeding did not differ in duration and prevalence; the age for introduction of complementary foods was similar in all groups.Low compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on breastfeeding and complementary feeding suggests an urgent need for nutritional counseling in early childhood, especially in premature, LBW, and fast gaining weight infants.

Background and Aims: Pancytopenia may be a manifestation of a wide variety of disorders which primarily or secondarily affects the bone marrow. Bone marrow failure syndromes and malignancies are serious and lifethreatening causes, but certain non-malignant conditions such as infection, and nutritional anemia are equally important. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the implementation of correct management and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a period of two years on 134 patients of pancytopenia. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination, complete hemogram, peripheral smear examination, reticulocyte count evaluation and bone marrow aspiration was performed in all cases. In addition, trephine biopsy was done in the same setting wherever indicated. Results: The age ranged from 15 to 75 years with a mean age of 30.9 years. The most common cause of pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia (37%) followed by Nutritional anemia (31%), aplastic anemia (9%) and Leukemia (1.75%). Majority (79%) of the patients had hyper cellular bone marrow followed by hypocellular (13%) and normal cellular marrow (8%). Conclusion: Elaborate hematological investigations and bone marrow examination, both, in correlation with clinical findings are vital for the diagnosis of pancytopenia. Bone marrow Aspiration and Trephine biopsy, complement each other in diagnosis of challenging cases.

Background: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology is a common and cheap technique which reveals the marrow cellularity, its structure, and stages of differentiation of different blood cells. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the etiology and the common presentation in patients undergoing BMA in pediatric age group with special focus on the adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics and Pathology of a Medical College Hospital of Bihar, India. The study was done from May 1, 2018, to April 31, 2019, on 259 cases. BMA was carried out and relevant clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory data were retrieved. Results: Out of 259 cases, 1 case was excluded from the final analysis due to inadequate marrow. Male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. The most common indication was unexplained anemia (46.5%) and pancytopenia (26.7%). The most common etiological diagnosis was nutritional anemia (27.5%) followed by hypoplastic anemia (22%). Among adolescents (>11–18 years), male:female ratio decreased to 1:1 where nutritional anemia was the most common cause followed by hypoplastic anemia. Conclusion: The common hematological disorders prevailing in our community in pediatric age group are nutritional anemia, hypoplastic anemia, and acute leukemia.

Background: Nutritional anemia or anemia due to dietary causes is the most common form, yet, it is the easiest to manage compared to other forms of anemia. Some of the most common nutritional deficiencies are iron, cobalamin, folate, and also other elements like copper. Anemia due to diet is mostly asymptomatic in the initial phase until the stores are depleted, which can take a few months to several years, depending upon the cause. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: nutritional anemia, dietary anemia, iron deficiency anemia, cobalamin deficiency, folic acid deficiency anemia, dietary anemia treatment Aim of the work: In this study we aimed at understanding the different types of anemia caused as a result of dietary deficiency. We also briefly studied their presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment. Conclusion: Various causes of anemia, presentations, and complications associated with the different types of nutritional anemia, which is considered the easiest to treat and manage. Most cases are due to an underlying occult disorder rather than simple dietary insufficiency. Diagnosis can be more difficult in some cases, and require thorough history and investigations and integration to reach to an accurate conclusion and consequently treat the underlying cause.

Background: Nutritional anemia particularly iron deficiency anemia comprise a major public health problem in India. Precise diagnosis is necessary for the correct treatment as the multiple coexisting morbid chronic inflammatory conditions seen in these cases gives erroneous biochemical results. Microscopic assessment of bone marrow iron is considered to be the the gold standard. However, the conventional Gale’s method cannot differentiate between the iron deficient cases and functional iron deficiency. This is made possible by the newer intensive method of iron assessment in the present study. Aim: To compare the assessment of iron status by Gale’s and Intensive method on bone marrow aspirate smears in cases of anemia. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 117 cases of all age groups and both sexes, having haemoglobin < 10mg/dl were included in the study. Bone marrow aspiration was done and iron assessment was done by both the Gale’s and Intensive method. Serum ferritin was also done in 23 out of 117 cases to serve as a control. However, it was not a part of the study. Results: Gale’s method revealed hypoferrimic state in 29.1% cases and normal iron stores in 70.9% cases. Iron deficient status was further reduced to 6.83% cases by the intensive method of iron assessment. Maximum number of cases had functional iron deficiency by the intensive method. DOI:10.21276/APALM.1545

Introduction: Anemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries like India, despite the fact that this problem is largely preventable & easily treatable. Aim: The aim is to study the clinical and hematological profile of anemia in children aged 5 years to 12 years. Material and Methods: It is a prospective hospital based study conducted in children presented with anemia in the department of Pediatrics at Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Patancheru, Telangana. 110 pediatric cases of anemia were included in the study. Results: Majority of children were among followed by 5- 6 years. Among different types of anemia studied, iron deficiency was reported predominantly 80/110 (72.7%) followed by megaloblastic anemia 20/110 (18.1%). There was female preponderance. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is seen in 81.8% (90/110). Dimorphic anemia was observed in 9.09 % of children. Conclusion Nutritional deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia among children aged 5 years to 12 years. Iron deficiency was found to be most common nutritional deficiency in children followed by megaloblastic anemia.

Background: : Anemia is a worldwide problem with highest incidence in developing countries. India has the highest prevalence of nutritional anemia predominantly in women and children. Methods: An observational and analytical study was carried out for period of 12 months. We studied 261 adult patient for typing the anemia. We perform the hematology parameter by automated hematologyanalyzer, For confirmation PBS and bone marrow examination, serological test like serum iron profile , vit B12 and folic acid levels in blood is done Result: Total 261 cases of anemia included in the study. Microcytic hypochromic anemia were63.2 %of cases, macrocytic anemia cases were 36.77% of cases. Large number of iron deficiency anemia’s were seen in female with reproductive age group and megaloblastic anemia seen with age 50-60 years of age in both sex. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of nutritional anemia haemogram by automated hematology parameter, PBS, serum iron profile , serum vit B12 and folic acid is required. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.1555

BackgroundIron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue®301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels ResultsThe prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0–1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2–1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods.ConclusionsIron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women’s education.

Background: Nutritional anemia or anemia due to dietary causes is the most common form, yet the easiest to manage compared to other forms of anemia. Some of the most common nutritional deficiencies are iron, cobalamin, folate, and also other elements like copper. Anemia due to diet is mostly asymptomatic in the initial phase until the stores are depleted, which can take a few months to several years, depending upon the cause. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: nutritional anemia, dietary anemia, iron deficiency anemia, cobalamin deficiency, folic acid deficiency anemia, dietary anemia treatment Aim of the work: In this study we aimed to understand about the different types of anemia caused as a result of dietary deficiency. We will also briefly study about their presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment. Conclusion: Various causes, presentations, and complications are associated with different types of nutritional anemia, but they still are the easiest to treat and manage. Most cases are due to an underlying occult disorder rather than simple dietary insufficiency, making diagnosis more difficult in some cases, and requiring thorough history and investigations integration to reach an accurate diagnosis and treat the underlying cause.

Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by decreased hemoglobin (adult males

Background: Millions of people worldwide have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the prevalence of malnutrition, refusal of immunization during a pandemic, nutritional anemia, air pollution, poverty, poor parental education, inadequate access to high-quality acute healthcare, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children in Bangladesh may vary from other countries. Information on clinical presentations, outcomes, the relationship between disease incidence and the prevalence of associated disease in Bangladeshi children affected by COVID-19 are scarce. Objective: In this study, our main goal was to evaluate the clinical profile of pediatric COVID-19 patients in child corona unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Method: This single center observational study was conducted in Child Corona Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). A total of 1020 COVID-19 positive pediatric patients were included in this study. Results: In our study, 89.1% of patients had fever, 80.8% had a cough, 23.1% had diarrhea, and 70.8% had myalgia. According to CXR reports, 2.1% patients had ground-glass opacity, 38% had local patchy shadowing, 31.8% patients had bilateral patchy shadowing and 27.9% patients had interstitial abnormalities. Correlation of disease severity between without co-morbidity and with co-morbidity is statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: This research revealed a variable range of presentations. This sheds light on the cases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population. Children with COVID-19 normally present with or are asymptomatic with different symptoms; infants may have a high risk of serious illness. However, most cases were reported in children 11-15 years of age and fever, cough, nasal congestion and dyspnoea were typical symptoms. Serious cases were those with co-morbidity and in order to save them additional attention during home care and prompt hospitalization therapy are needed.

Background: Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of nutritional anemia. Aim: To evaluate the determinants of iron deficiency, anemia, and associated factors among adolescents who performed routine blood tests in a large district in Israel during 2014. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among adolescents aged 11-18 years, belonging to Haifa and west Galilee district of ‘Clalit’ Health Services, who routinely performed blood tests during 2014. The blood tests were investigated for iron deficiency (ferritin

In this chapter, we report and discuss the current literature of nutrient-deficiency anemia, also called nutritional anemia, in elderly patients. For this purpose, a review of the medical literatures was conducted including searching PubMed; textbooks of hematology, internal medicine, and geriatrics; and information collected from international meetings. The term nutrient-deficiency or nutritional anemia covers any anemia, defined by a hemoglobin levels

Background: In India, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy may be as high as 80%. The objective of this study was determining the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose and oral iron in nutritional anemic antenatal patients, presenting at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Methods: The study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India single center study was performed on 400 antenatal patients with nutritional anemia gestational age 14 to 36 weeks. Patients were divided in two groups A and B. Group A was treated with intravenous iron sucrose and group B was treated with oral iron sulfate. Results: There was significant improvement in the various hematological parameters in IV sucrose group as compared to patients in oral iron group. There were no significant allergic reactions in IV sucrose group. Conclusions: This study has shown a significant improvement in the iron sucrose group. Iron sucrose is safe and well tolerated.

Background: According to WHO, highest prevalence of anemia is found in pre-school aged children. The objective of this study was to determine demographic, socio-economic & nutritional factors for nutritional anemia in children

Background: Anemia in pregnancy has detrimental effects on maternal and child health and prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is alarmingly high, inspite of the implementation of the national nutritional anemia prophylaxis programme which provides iron and folic acid which are the essential nutrients lacking in their diet. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women regarding anemia, Iron rich food and iron supplements and also to assess the impact of these factors and other socio demographic variables on the hemoglobin levels of these vulnerable groups of women. Methods: This is a cross sectional, descriptive institution based study conducted at Sri Manakula Vinayagar medical college hospital, Puducherry, India. Sample size was calculated using formula for single proportion with 5% marginal error and 95% CI and a non-response rate of 10% and was found to be 316. Data collection was carried out using a predesigned, self-administered questionnaire in local language in the antenatal clinic at the time of routine antenatal checkup, from pregnant women who consented to participate in the study. At the same sitting, 1 ml of blood was collected for hemoglobin estimation, analyzed and the result was recorded and disclosed to the patient. The data was entered in SPSS and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square test). A p value of

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical profile of Anemia in Women attending the College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. MATERIALS & METHODS The Study was conducted among 100 women patients attended to the College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. Their blood samples were tested and related socio-demographic information was collected. The associated Clinical signs and symptoms with hemoglobin level and the occurrence of anemia were assessed. RESULT The peak incidence of Anemia was in the age group of 20-24 yrs (59.7%), and severity of anemia was correlated with sings and symptoms. Majority of them had Microcytic Hypochromic anemia (43.1%) with serum iron level below normal level and increased TIBC (total iron binding capacity) were observed. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of Nutritional anemia suggests the dietary advice to be emphasized strongly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3.12773 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 23-28

Objectives: To study the spectrum of hematological disorders in children at a tertiary care centre in Kolkata, India. Settings: This study was conducted at the department of Paediarics and the department of Pathology of Dr. B. C. Roy PGIPS, Kolkata. The study period was from January 2012 to December, 2014. Methods: A retrospective analysis of charts of those patients who underwent bone marrow examination (aspiration) was made. Charts were analyzed in detail regarding history, examination and investigations. All findings were entered on a standard proforma. Results: BMA from 200 patients were analyzed. Nutritional anemia contributed highest number of cases among the nonneoplastic group. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the commonest malignant hematological disorder in the present study. Conclusion: Common haematologic disorders in our setting are nutritional anaemias and leukaemias. There is need to expand the scope of laboratory investigations beyond morphology.

Objective. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of family nutrition and eating habits on potential development of nutritional anemia in school-age children. Methods. The survey was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study in four primary schools in Kragujevac, during the academic year 2014/2015 on 114 respondents. The data of this study were obtained by combining survey research, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The survey was conducted during regular hours in schools and included pupils in the first and fourth grade of elementary schools and their parents. Results. Processing the collected data showed that the family diet and eating habits can contribute to the occurrence of anemia in children of school age. It was found that the following factors had a statistically significant influence on the manifestation of anemia: the use of nuts, the way of preparing food and the number of daily meals. Conclusion. Adequately preparing food and the number of meals (less than five), pointed out that proper nutrition and eating habits can potentially contribute to the reduction of the development of anemia in school-age children.

Anaemia is one of the most common health problems worldwide, with a high prevalence in Africa and South East Asia, including Thailand. Thai women of childbearing age have an increased risk of anaemia due to several factors including underlying health problems, lifestyles and poor diet. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of anaemia among female students of Chulalongkorn University (aged 18-22) and categorized causes of the anaemia.400 Thai female student-volunteers, without known underlying diseases were subjected to blood tests; complete blood count, Haemoglobin typing and serum ferritin level. Bloods, having haemoglobin under 12 g/dl and hematocrit under 36%, were designated as anaemia. Then causes of anaemia are categorized into 3 groups; Iron deficiency, Thalassemia and Others.We found that 21% of the volunteers were anaemic. In 85 anaemic volunteers, they were classified as Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA); with low serum ferritin levels 42.4%, Thalassemia; total of 6 types 25.9%, IDA and Thalassemia 2.3% and Others 29.4% in which haemoglobin typing and serum ferritin level were normal.Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the major cause of anaemia in Thai female students in our study. Several students were gradually developing anaemia where their haematocrit (Hct) and haemaglobin (Hb) were within reference range but mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemaglobin (MCH) and serum ferritin fell below reference range, indicating latent iron deficiency. A few volunteers had both IDA and Thalassemia and also Thalassemia with iron overloaded where health can be deteriorated without knowledge of having these conditions or proper health care. To improve their health, universities or public organizations should provide education and/or screen for anaemia. With the knowledge and understanding of their health issues or underling diseases, students themselves can prevent serious health conditions, improve university performances, and improve their quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the formative period of life when the maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes takes place and this is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia, which has been constantly neglected by public health programs. The prevalence of anaemia is disproportionately high in developing countries than developed countries. It has mainly been ascribed to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services in developing countries Prevalence of anaemia in adolescents in India have been reported in limited studies available from 16.25% to 96.5%. Nutritional anaemia constitutes the most important cause of anaemia in adolescents. It is mainly due to deficiency of Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folate. Megaloblastic Anaemia resulting from deficiency of folate and B12 appears to be increasing over the last two decades. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the types of nutritional anemia in adolescents (10-18 yrs.) attending the hospital and correlate severity of nutritional anemia with serum levels of ferritin, Vit B12 & folate. 2. And also to determine demographic, socio-economic & nutritional factors for nutritional anemia in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected sample of 200 subjects. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Azeezia Medical College; during November 2011 to April 2013, as a cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria set and evaluated with aid of laboratory investigation of blood samples collected from subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Present study was undertaken to find out etiology and socio-demographic correlates of nutritional anaemia in adolescents. And it was found out that Folate deficiency was the most common followed by Vitamin B12 deficiency & then irons deficiency. Also low intake of all the three nutrients is a significant determinant towards causing nutritional anaemia. Other factors found to influence the prevalence of anaemia were history of worm infestation, fathers' occupation, calorie intake and folate intake.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be major public health problem in India. It is estimated that about 20% of maternal deaths are directly related to anemia and another 50% of maternal deaths are associated with it. The question, therefore, is why, despite being the first country to launch the National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme in 1970, the problem of IDA remains so widespread. As is to be expected, the economic implications of IDA are also massive. The issues of control of IDA in India are multiple. Inadequate dietary intake of iron, defective iron absorption, increased iron requirements due to repeated pregnancies and lactation, poor iron reserves at birth, timing of umbilical cord clamping, timing and type of complementary food introduction, frequency of infections in children, and excessive physiological blood loss during adolescence and pregnancy are some of the causes responsible for the high prevalence of anemia in India. In addition, there are other multiple programmatic and organizational issues. This review, therefore, is an attempt to examine the current burden of anemia in India, its epidemiology, and the various issues regarding its prevention and control, as well as to offer some innovative approaches to deal with this major health problem.

Background: iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of nutritional anemia; it has been recognized as an important health problem in Palestine. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify possible risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip and to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing oral iron formula in the anemic children. Methods: the study included 735 (384 male and 351 female) kindergarten children. Data was collected by questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count analysis. All iron deficient anemic children were treated using an oral iron formula (50 mg ferrous carbonate + 100 mg vitamin C /5 mL) and the complete blood count was reassessed after three months. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model were constructed; crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 33.5% with no significant differences between boys and girls. Significantly different prevalences of iron deficiency anemia were reported between different governorates of the Gaza Strip. Governorate, low education level of the parents and smoking are significant risk factors for children developing anemia. Significantly lower complete blood count parameters, except for WBC, were reported in anemic children. The oral iron treatment significantly improved hemoglobin concentrations, and normalized the iron deficiency marker. Conclusions: iron deficiency anemia is a serious health problem among children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip, which justifies the necessity for national intervention programs to improve the health status for the less fortunate development areas.

Background: The present, hospital based prevalence study has been conducted to assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of anemia in central India. Methods: In this study 200 patients of anemia from medical out patients department and indoor wards, age between 15-70 years, randomly selected without any bias for sex, occupation, socio-economic status and duration of disease. Results: This study shows that maximum number of patients (40%) were from age group 21-30 years. Between 15-30 years age group, prevalence of anemia was more in females than males. 57% study population have moderate anemia and 41% patients have severe anemia. Weakness & easy fatigability were most common (100%) presenting symptoms and pallor was most common (98% patients) clinical sign. Microcytic and hypochromic type peripheral smear was most common laboratory findings (59% cases). Nutritional anemia was the most common type of anemia (84%). Conclusions: Nutritional deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia among population, and iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in population.

South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2015;5(1):1-3 © 2015. Das, publisher and licensee Public Health Foundation Bangladesh. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v5i1.24844 Lowered level of hemoglobin causes anemia which is clinically represented by pallor and weakness. The 'nutritional anemia' includes all abnormal conditions in which the blood hemoglobin concentration drops down to an abnormally low level due to a deficiency in one or several nutrients. Iron is a part of hemoglobin and synthesis of hemoglobin requires folic acid, vitamin B12 etc. Iron deficiency is the commonest cause of nutritional anemia. Folic acid deficiency and Vitamin B12 deficiency is not so common. Iron-deficiency anemia should be focused as a priority in all groups of people including children.

BACKGROUND: Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in India. There is predominance of iron deficiency anemia (nutritional anemia). Pregnancy is the condition which increases requirement of nutrients especially iron and folic acid & also causes hemodilution. Because of these reasons, anemia gets aggravated in pregnancy. The incidence varies with literacy, socio-economic status, family support and financial stability. Anemia in pregnancy has adverse effects on maternal and fetal health. Chronic anemia during pregnancy can cause glossitis, stomatitis, changes in nails and skin, breathlessness, cardiac failure in mother. Obstetrical complications like low birth weight babies, IUGR, increased rate of preterm deliveries & increased perinatal mortality are also known. PPH also worsens the situation. Severe anemia in mother may lead to serious neurological damage in the fetus. This study is aimed at finding out the prevalence and type of anemia during pregnancy. This study will definitely help to decrease the burden of anemia and its complications. OBJECTIVES: To study the Hb level in pregnant women during first visit, 30th week, and 36th weeks of gestation. To note the type and degree of anemia. To note the need for medical therapy and its route of administration and/or blood transfusion. To note the maternal and neonatal outcome thereafter. METHODS: The study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore for a period of two years. A prospective randomized study conducted on 200 pregnant women. All subjects were analyzed in full details and hemoglobin estimation done during 1st visit, at 30th week and 36th week of gestation. They were classified according to WHO criteria. According to degree of anemia all the subjects were treated and maternal and perinatal outcome were studied. RESULTS: The incidence of mild anemia 29.5%, moderate anemia 53% and 17.5% severe anemia noted. In the booked cases, perinatal outcome was good compared to unbooked and referred cases. The parameter of poor fetal outcome like preterm birth, IUGR, IUD and NICU admission were more in the unbooked and referred cases. CONCLUSION: Anemia in pregnancy continues to be a major problem in developing countries with maternal and fetal complications. Correct diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause can improve the diagnosis. Ensuring maternal iron sufficiency during gestation is the most cost effective

It is common for primary care physicians to be faced with children with hematological disorders in everyday practice. The article seeks to provide realistic information for the first-contact physician in handling common hematological diseases in children. Practical step-wise approach to understanding and investigating anemia and bleeding disorders is illustrated. Requirement of iron in normal children and management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia is explained. The gold standard for IDA continues to be ferrous sulphate which has good bioavailability and is inexpensive. There is emerging concept of delayed clamping of umbilical cord at birth, particularly in regions with widespread IDA, to augment iron stores in infancy. Typical case scenarios of children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and hemophilia are provided to facilitate the understanding of management in day to day practice. The vital role of the medical practitioner in shared care of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and febrile neutropenia is emphasized. A risk based treatment algorithm for febrile neutropenia is provided.

Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan tercatat memiliki kasus anemia gizi ibu hamil terbanyak (57,4%) pada tahun 2011-2012. Anemia gizi meningkatkan risiko kematian maternal dan perinatal, prematuritas, serta berat badan bayi lahir rendah. Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ANC sebagai faktor risiko anemia gizi. Sampel kasus (69 ibu) dan kontrol (69 ibu) diambil dari register ibu hamil periode April-Agustus 2012 dengan teknik kuota. Mereka yang memiliki kadar Hb Sahli dibawah trimester I, paritas 1-3 dan jarak kelahiran trimester I berisiko 5,17 kali lebih besar terhadap kejadian anemia gizi (95%CI 1,66-16,06) dibandingkan umur kehamilan trimester I. Frekuensi dan waktu ANC tidak memadai memiliki risiko 23,29 kali lebih besar (95%CI 7,49-72,33) dan konsumsi tablet Fe tidak memadai memiliki risiko 9,85 kali lebih besar (95%CI 3,27-29,68). Mayoritas ibu mengkonsumsi tablet Fe sebulan terakhir

Introduction: Nutritional deficiency, especially iron deficiency is the most common etiological factor for anemia, particularly in adolescent girls when the requirement for iron increases tremendously to physiological need. Aim: This study not only would highlight the burden of nutritional anemia in them, but also it would aid in drawing recommendations and rendering suggestions to assess and maneuver the existing schemes. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among school going girls to associate anemia to their demographic profile and nutritional status. Materials and methods: This was a community based cross sectional observational study. The demographic profile was collected followed by estimation of Iron profile and Vitamin B12 levels estimation among 382 adolescent girls aged 10 to 18 years, in schools at rural area of Raipur district, India. Results: Iron and vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 11% and 58% respectively. Statistically significant association was observed between severity of anemia serum ferritin (p

Postadolescent acne has been defined as the presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Postadolescent acne affects approximately 14% of women between the ages of 25 and 50 years. Namely, postadolescent acne usually occurs in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia occurs from an insufficient intake of nutrients such as iron, folate and vitamin B12. It is very common in women of reproductive age. Nutritional anemia causes irritability, apathy, fatigue, depressive symptoms and difficulty in concentration. The major etiological factor in adult acne can be increased levels of emotional stress, leading to increase in adrenal androgens. Thus, nutritional anemia may aggravate the lesions of acne by affecting the emotional status in women of reproductive age.We aimed to investigate the relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in this study.The study population comprised of 52 patients with postadolescent acne and 52 healthy control subjects. Hemogram, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured.No significant differences were observed between both groups in hemoglobin, vitamin B12, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels. Serum folate levels were significantly decreased in postadolescent acne patients (p 0.001). There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin, vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, ferritin and TIBC levels and acne severity.We could not find any relationship between postadolescent acne and nutritional anemia in our study. However, serum folate levels were decreased in postadolescent acne patients. Prospective research studies are needed to clarify the role of nutrition in the pathophysiology of postadolescent acne. We think that nutritional interventions can be inexpensive, safe, easy to administer and generally acceptable to patients with postadolescent acne.

Background: Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia in the world. Iron deficiency anemia is very common in India. Medical students may to suffer from anemia due to irregular eating habits due to the hectic study schedule. They also come from the different socioeconomic background. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to find out the presence or absence of anemia among male and female students of 1st year MBBS; (2) to determine the degree of anemia among male and female students; and (3) to study the presence of anemia among students of different nutritional status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 1st year medical students aged between 18 and 25 years from October 1 to November 30 2013. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. The data were collected using case record form including general information, sign and symptoms of anemia, dietary habits, body mass index, general, and systemic examination. Hemoglobin was estimated by Sahli’s method. ESR was estimated by Westergren’s method. Red blood cell (RBC) count and blood indices, namely mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration were also determined. All investigations were carried out at central lab Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Results: Hemoglobin was significantly decreased in males compared to females thus showing a greater prevalence of anemia among males compared to females. Furthermore, the presence of anemia was more among overweight students compared to those underweight. There may be a correlation between hemoglobin, ESR, RBC count, and blood indices indicating the presence or absence of anemia. Conclusion: There is a need for increased awareness among students on adopting healthy eating habits. Deworming also has to be carried out to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia. Treatment of anemia could significantly improve memory and academic performance of students.

Stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in monoparesis, hemi paresis and dysphasia. Nutritional anemia is a common problem all over the world. Especially Iron deficiency anemia is common cause for nutritional anemia in developing countries. It has been a common cause stroke in the literature. We report a case of 6 year old girl presented with severe iron deficiency anemia and developed stroke. She was successfully treated with blood transfusion, oral iron supplementation and anticoagulation. There are number of confirmed case reports regarding anemia as a risk factor for stroke in children.

Anemia is a serious health problem in Indian school children. High prevalence of anemia has been reported in nonpregnant adolescent girls. An investigation was initiated to study the effect of two non-iron-containing Ayurvedic preparations-Sootshekhar Rasa plus Sitopaladi Churna-in improving nutritional anemia among adolescent students.This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlled study.The study setting was Dehradun district, North India.The subjects comprised a total of 1646 boys and girls, aged 11-18 years, attending school in Dehradun district.As per World Health Organization guidelines, a total of 1322 adolescent anemic students were randomly divided into 5 groups. Students of group I (control) received starch. Group II, III, and IV students received Sootshekhar Rasa (SR) plus Sitopaladi Churna (SC) in various combinations, namely, SR 125 mg + SC 500 mg daily, SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg daily, and SR 250 mg + SC 400 mg weekly, respectively. Group V student were given iron and folic acid tablet. All the students received treatment for 90 days and were followed up for the next 180 days.The outcome measure was to evaluate the effect of Sootshekhar Rasa plus Sitopaladi Churna in improving nutritional anemia.The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 81.3%. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin (Hb) was 97.4 +/- 13.2 g/L and ranged from 96.4 +/- 0.8 g/L to 98.3 +/- 0.8 g/L in various groups. At end of follow-up (day 270), a significant increase in Hb levels from baseline was observed in all treatment groups; however, the Hb gain (6.9 +/- 0.6 g/L) in group III and group V (3.64 +/- 0.56 g/L) differed significantly from the control group. A total of 155 students dropped out of the study due to various reasons not related to treatment. No adverse side-effect of Ayurvedic medication was noted in any student.We conclude that a daily dose of Sootshekhar Rasa (250 mg) plus Sitopaladi Churna (400 mg) can produce sustainable improvement of nutritional anemia in adolescent students.

This case-report underlines the difficulties of a correct diagnosis in a complex vitamin malnutrition that is seldom suspected in patients living in developed Countries with a good social and economic situation. A 79-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with progressive fatigue, dyspnea till orthopnea, pallor and lumbar pain. On physical examination the patient was awake, conscious and pale with severe dyspnea and the laboratory findings revealed severe anemia normochromic and normocytic; chest radiography shows cardiomegaly. An abdomen echography showed hepatomegaly and an increased gallbladder volume with multiple gallstones and “biliary mud”. The patients received infusion of 4 Units of blood and started terapy for secondary congestive heart failure. The third day the temperature increased till 39°C and the urine of the patient shown clear hematuria; considering the hypothesis of hemolytic anemia was started methylprednisolone EV. Blood analysis was made in order to clarify anemia etiology: low blood levels of Vit B12, hypersideremia and very low Unsatured Iron Binding Capacity. A further investigation revealed that her diet had exclusively consisted of potatoes and fresh cheese since years. We started therapy with VitB12 and Folate and the patient was discharge fourteen days after admission. We feel that the importance of this clinical case lies in the diagnostic investigation for the cause of anemia, often more difficult than generally perceived.

Background Iron supplementation through prenatal care remains the most widespread strategy to control anemia during pregnancy, but its effectiveness is only partial, showing the need to address other approaches. Objective This study was conducted to measure the impact of a positive deviance approach to improve an iron-supplementation program among pregnant women in a rural Senegalese area. Methods A positive deviance approach (PD Micah) was compared with an ongoing integrated nutrition and health program intervention (Micah) in a rural Senegalese area. A pre-post evaluation was conducted using independent cross-sectional samples with a total of 371 pregnant women. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered, and biologic and anthropometric measurements were performed. Results After 9 months of activities, the mean hemoglobin level rose from 93.9 to 100.7 g/L in the PD Micah group. Distribution of iron supplements through community volunteers and implementation of healthy pregnancy promotion sessions on a monthly basis improved the accessibility to 23.3% in the PD Micah group. No significant change was observed in the Micah group. Logistic regression analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of anemia in the PD Micah area (adjusted odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.53). Conclusions This intervention shows that a community-based strategy, such as the positive deviance approach, can contribute to improving the effectiveness of iron supplementation during pregnancy.

Morbid obesity is a significant problem in the Western world. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients undergoing surgical weight loss procedures. Currently, the most widely performed procedure is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation which combines restriction of food intake with malabsorption of calories and various nutrients, resulting in weight loss and nutritional deficiencies, respectively. Various types of anemia may complicate Roux-en-Y and commonly include deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12. Iron deficiency is particularly common and may result from many mechanisms including poor intake, malabsorption, and mucosal bleeding from marginal ulceration. However, less appreciated etiologies of nutritional anemia include deficiencies of B-complex vitamins, ascorbic acid, and copper. Replacement of the missing or decreased constituent usually reverses the anemia. Since physicians of various medical and surgical specialties are often involved with the postoperative care of bariatric patients, a review of anemia in this patient population is warranted.