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Background: Appendicitis in children is associated with diagnostic complexity leading to delayed diagnosis. Such delays risk progression to complicated appendicitis. This study investigates the potential of cellular indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), to differentiate uncomplicated (UA) from complicated appendicitis (CA). Methods: Diagnostic study of pediatric patients with acute appendicitis admitted to our hospital from 2021 to 2022. NLR, dNLR, PLR and MLR were compared between groups. Results: A total of 182 patients were enrolled: 116 cases with CA (63 % male, age 9.6 ± 5.5 years) and 66 patients with UA (67 % male, age 10.6 ± 2.7 years). All blood cell indices were significantly higher in the CA group than in the UA group (p=

Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns. Initial catheter drainage alleviates the urethral obstruction before definitive management by valve ablation. Newborns with posterior urethral valves often present with hypercontractile bladders that may inhibit upper tract drainage despite bladder catheterization. Anticholinergic agents are commonly used to treat detrusor hyperactivity, with oxybutynin being the most commonly used. We report the first case of a newborn with posterior urethral valves and ureterovesical junction obstruction caused by detrusor hypertrophy who underwent urgent intravesical instillation of oxybutynin at high doses in an attempt to avoid a diversion procedure.