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Objective: To determine the maternal deaths and the factors affecting them in our city. Methods: The maternal deaths occurred in our city between January 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The review was conducted by checking “Maternal Death Registry Forms” of the Provincial Directorate of Health. In cases where additional data related with the cause of death were required, the relatives of the cases, associated family practitioner, The Council of Forensic Medicine or local authorities were contacted. The data of the cases including age, gravida, parity, abortion, delivery type, week of gestation during delivery, period of death and maternal deaths due to direct, indirect and incidental causes were recorded. Based on total live births and maternal deaths within 6.5 years, maternal mortality rate was found as the maternal death number per 100,000 live births. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A total of 46.618 live births occurred between 2015 and 2020 in Elazığ. The number of maternal deaths due to direct and indirect causes is 7, and maternal mortality rate was found 15.01/100,000. Hypertensive diseases during pregnancy (n=3, 42.8%), pulmonary embolism (n=1, 14.3%) and cerebral thrombosis (n=1, 14.3%) were among the natural causes of maternal deaths. Indirect cause for maternal death was cardiac diseases (n=2, 28.6%). When they were categorized according to the Three Delays Model, there were 3 death cases in the first delay model and 2 death cases in the third delay model, but there was no maternal death in the second delay model. Conclusion: Maternal death is an significant public health issue which develops due to the generally preventable causes and maintains its importance. The factors contributing to death should be paid attention in order to decrease maternal death rates.

Objective: Twin pregnancies constitute 1–2% of all pregnancies. With the recent developments in assisted reproductive technologies, the incidence of multiple pregnancy has increased. Preterm labor is held responsible for the poor neonatal outcomes primarily. In our study, we aimed to assess fetal-maternal outcomes of twin pregnancies seen in our clinic. Methods: One hundred and thirty twin pregnancy cases out of 4241 pregnant women who delivered in our clinic between 01.01.2017 and 01.01.2020 were included in the study. The labor records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively and their data for age, week of gestation, delivery type, birth weight, fetal sex, chorionicity characteristics and laboratory parameters were recorded. Definitive statistics and SPSS 21.0 for statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data obtained from the study. The data were presented as mean ± SD (standard deviation). Results: The incidence of twin pregnancy was found 3%. In the ultrasonographic imaging evaluated during diagnosis, 27.7% of the cases were monochorionic and 72% of them were dichorionic. Of the pregnant women, 12.3% were at term and 87.7% were at preterm period. When the preterm fetuses were evaluated, 37.7% of 114 preterm fetuses were delivered at late preterm period, 29.2% of them at mid-preterm period and 20.8% at premature preterm period. The rates of treatment pregnancy (pregnancy provided by ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies) and spontaneous twin pregnancy were 20% and 80%, respectively. Mean maternal age was found 31.3. When evaluated in terms of maternal morbidity, preterm labor and premature rupture of membrane were the most common problems. Mean newborn weight was 1832g and 59.3% of the newborns had low birth weight and 21.8% of them had very low birth weight. While one fetus had transverse presentation in 12.5% of the patients, at least one fetus had breech presentation in 53.1% of the cases and 34.4% of the cases had head-head presentation. Conclusion: Twin pregnancies are characterized by the increased feto-maternal risks. Therefore, both antenatal and intrapartum management should be maintained diligently.

Objective To investigate the incidence and concomitant findings of persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV). Methods The study was conducted by retrospective review of the data of 1856 patients who admitted to the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Fırat University between December 2018 and December 2019 for the gestational examination between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. The obstetric characteristics of the patients such as age, number of pregnancy, abortion, parity and body mass index were recorded. The diagnosis of PRUV was established in the conditions where portal vein reaches to stomach abnormally (roughly, course towards stomach instead of parallel course), fetal gall bladder locates in the medial of umbilical vein or umbilical vein connects to right portal vein abnormally instead of left portal vein. In the cases diagnosed with PRUV, the isolated persistent right umbilical vein or its association with other anomalies was recorded. Ultrasonography findings (minor markers) were also recorded in these cases. Results During the study period, 1856 pregnant women were evaluated for gestational examination. Five cases were established with the diagnosis of PRUV. Accordingly, PRUV prevalence was 0.27%. The PRUV incidence in the study population was 1/370 in the study population. No chromosomal anomaly was found in PRUV cases, but one case had echogenic intracardiac focus, one case had echogenic intestine, and one case had short nasal bone. When organ systems were evaluated, renal cyst was found in one case. No additional finding was found in one case. Conclusion PRUV is the most common form among fetal venous system anomalies. If detected, fetal examination is required in terms of the anomalies that may accompany. Chromosome analysis is not necessary if it is isolated, and it should be evaluated as a variant of normal anatomy.