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Catillopecten is a small genus of deep-sea glass scallops, but its diversity is poorly known in many parts of the world ocean. We described C. margaritatus n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae), and performed morphological analyses and DNA sequencing, and estimated the divergence time of scallops based on samples collected from Haima cold seep in the South China Sea. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from congeneric species by its large shell size, relatively small auricle length, absence of monocrystal aerials, presence of longitudinal radial ridges on the left valve, and the alternated rounded striae and distal and proximal growth lines of prisms on the right valve. Anatomically, this new species can be distinguished from C. vulcani by its anteriorly located auriculate gills, compared to the centrally located lamellar gills of the latter, and the different locations of the pericardium. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA fragments supported the placement of the new species in Catillopecten. We also report the mitogenome of C. margaritatus n. sp. as the only reported mitogenome of the family Propeamussiidae, which differs from those of other scallops substantially in gene order arrangement. Divergence time estimation revealed that Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae diverged in the early Carboniferous, while Catillopecten and Parvamussium diverged during the late Cretaceous to early Eocene. Finally, we presented a key to the species of Catillopecten.

• The Propeamussiidae is non-monophyletic, consisting of three lineages. • A subset of propeamussiids is the sister group to the Pectinidae. • Results indicate a single origin for eyes and guard tentacles within Pectinoidea. • Placement of the type species warrants a taxonomic revision of the Propeamussiidae. Scallops (Pectinidae) are one of the most diverse families of bivalves and have been a model system in evolutionary biology. However, in order to understand phenotypic evolution, the Pectinidae needs to be placed in a deeper phylogenetic framework within the superfamily Pectinoidea. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny for 60 species from four of the five extant families within the Pectinoidea using a five gene dataset (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S rRNAs and histone H3). Our analyses give consistent support for the non-monophyly of the Propeamussiidae, with a subset of species as the sister group to the Pectinidae, the Propeamussiidae type species as sister to the Spondylidae, and the majority of propeamussiid taxa sister to the Spondylidae + Pr. dalli. This topology represents a previously undescribed relationship of pectinoidean families. Our results suggest a single origin for eyes within the superfamily and likely multiple instances of loss for these characters. However, it is now evident that reconstructing the evolutionary relationships of Pectinoidea will require a more comprehensive taxonomic sampling of the Propeamussiidae sensu lato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent Pectinoidea (Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae) of Australia and neighbouring seas are revised and 105 pectinoidean species (30 species of Propeamussiidae, 2 of Cyclochlamydidae and 73 of Pectinidae) are recorded and compared with similar species from the tropical Indo-West Pacific and temperate Australasian regions. Seven species (five Propeamussiidae: Parvamussium lamprelli, P. slacksmithae, P. whissoni, Cyclopecten reticulatus, Similipecten colmani, and two Pectinidae: Hyalopecten ponderi, Mimachlamys spinicostata) are newly named. A further 29 species (12 Propeamussiidae and 17 Pectinidae) are new records from Australia. Subfamily Pedinae Bronn, 1862 and tribe Pedini have priority over subfamily Chlamydinae von Teppner, 1922 and tribe Chlamydini, and are adopted. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Amussium electrum Pelseneer, 1911 = Propeamussium caducum (Smith, 1885), Amussium scrobiculatum Schepman, 1908 = Juxtamusium maldivense (Smith, 1903), Pecten lentiginosus Reeve, 1853 and Mimachlamys gavena Iredale, 1939 = Mimachlamys punctata (Gmelin, 1791), Pecten ustulatus Reeve, 1853 = Mimachlamys gloriosa (Reeve, 1853). Lectotypes are designated for Pecten superbus G. B. Sowerby II, 1842, Annachlamys leopardus rena Iredale, 1939, Pecten reevei A. Adams & Reeve, 1850, P. macassarensis Chenu, 1845, P. amaliae Kobelt, 1887, P. irregularis G. B. Sowerby II, 1842, P. cuneatus Reeve, 1853, Mimachlamys deliciosa Iredale, 1939, O. punctata Gmelin, 1791, Chlamys wilhelminae maculata Bavay, 1904, Pecten bednalli Tate, 1887, P. challengeri Smith, 1891, P. albolineatus G. B. Sowerby II, 1842, and P. lentiginosus Reeve, 1853. Neotypes are designated for Amusium magneticum Röding, 1798, Ostrea pedum Röding, 1798, Pleuronectia laevigata Swainson, 1840, Pecten funebris Reeve, 1853, Pecten roseopunctatus Reeve, 1853, P. elegantissimus Deshayes, 1863, P. quadriliratus Lischke, 1870, and Pecten (Amussium) milneedwardsi Gregorio, 1898, and Mesopeplum caroli Iredale, 1929. A new combination is introduced for Mimachlamys punctata (Gmelin, 1791) (= Pecten lentiginosus Reeve, 1853). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Twenty-five species of Pectinoidea (24 Propeamussiidae, 1 Cyclochlamydidae) are herein listed from the Mozambique Channel, northwestern and southern Madagascar, and northeastern South Africa. New species: Propeamussium rosadoi, Parvamussium catillus, Parvamussium kilburni, Parvamussium puillandrei, Parvamussium strongae, Cyclopecten cassiculus, Cyclopecten kantori, Cyclochlamys bacachorda. New synonym: Amussium sewelli Knudsen, 1967 = Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885). New records for the Mozambique Channel and northwestern Madagascar: Propeamussium andamanicum, Propeamussium arabicum, Propeamussium caducum, Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium torresi, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New records for southern Madagascar: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium thyrideum, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Parvamussium vidalense, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New record for South Africa: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Cyclopecten horridus, Similipecten eous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Icelandic pectinoid fauna is reviewed, based on material from the benthic survey programme BIOICE and 17 species are recorded. Similipecten oskarssoni is proposed as a replacement name for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor Locard, 1898 (Propeamussiidae), which is considered a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor and Pecten frigidus Jensen, 1904 (Pectinidae). Cyclopecten ambiannulatus Schein, 1989, Parvamussium propinquum (Smith, 1885), Catillopecten eucymatus (Dall, 1898), and Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) were previously not known from the Icelandic fauna. All species are figured and described and distinguishing characters are discussed. The distribution in Scandinavian and North Atlantic waters is revised based on the collections in SMNH. The low frequency of juvenile specimens of A. opercularis, Mimachlamys varia and Pecten maximus may indicate that Scandinavian populations are the result of very occasional recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]