Search

Mycoplasmas are considered important avian pathogens, which cause a great economical loss in the poultry industry. As it is responsible for both respiratory disease and synovitis in poultry. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae from chickens and determine the efficacy of different antibiotics. Additionally, detection of some substantial virulence genes. Two hundred chicken samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium. The isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction then tested for antibiotic sensitivity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results reported that 15 samples (7.5%) were positive by culturing with prevalent of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum with 12 (80%) and three (20%). Following the 16S rRNA- based detection of Mycoplasma isolates, 12 Mycoplasma synoviae and three Mycoplasma synoviae isolates were identified by different PCR-based detection methods for various virulence genes. Three Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates contain the mgc2 gene, and nine Mycoplasma synoviae isolates were positive for the ISR (intergenic spacer region) gene. All isolates had lowest MIC values for Tylvasolin with a range of (0.062- 0.125μg/mL) followed by Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Tilmicosin and Tylosin with a range of (0.062-1 μg/mL). However, the Mycoplasma synoviae isolates displayed variance in MICs for Oxytetracycline with a range of 0.5 to 8 μg/mL, and Chlorotetracycline with a range of 2 to 8 μg/mL. Meanwhile, high MIC values for Enrofloxacin were detected in all isolates with MICs ranging from 8 to 32 μg/mL. Furthermore, the MIC method identified Tylvasolin, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Tilmicosin and Tylosin as the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of MS infections. In conclusion, these data may help in prevention and control of Mycoplasma infection in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoplasmosis is a major and economic threat currently facing the poultry industry worldwide. The main pathogenic mycoplasmas species are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species from broilers and breeder chickens. Two hundred samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium and then tested by real time PCR approaches. The results reported that 15 (7.5%) and 50 (25%) were positive by culture and PCR respectively. Among the positive samples, Mycoplasma synoviae was high prevalent 45 (90%) by real time PCR, and low prevalent 12(24%) detected by culture as well as Mycoplasma gallisepticum were positive 5 (10%) and 3(6%) with real time PCR and culture respectively. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the real time PCR was most sensitive, rapid and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples compared to the culture method. Although real time PCR is considered more costly, fast method more than the culture method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastitis is a common global and economic dairy infection in cattle causing significant financial losses and responsible for inferior milk quality and increase the treatment costs as well as act as source for new intermammary infection. Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as a problematic bacteria affecting dairy herds. This study spot highlight on the antibiogram pattern with molecular characterization of virulence genes (coa and spa) of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from clinical mastitic cases. From examined 400 cows of small holders 120 (30%) showed clinical mastitis and S. aureus prevalence rate was 46.5%. Higher resistance to Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Oxacillin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin were showed in antibiogram testing, while high sensitivity to Gentamycin, Vancomycin, Amoxicillin/ clavunate acid and Ciprofloxacin were observed. Moreover, out of 46 S. aureus isolates, 31(67.39%) identified as MRSA strains of highly resistance to different antimicrobials classes. The PCR model was sensitive and rapid in identification of coa and spa genes in all examined strains at 630 and 229 bp respectively. In conclusion, S. aureus represented a common pathogen causing mastitis and exhibit resistant to different antibiotics groups, in addition to it carried virulence factors such as coa and spa which play a valuable effect in the disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food intoxication by S.aureus was listed as the third etiology of food intoxication all over the world. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of S.aureus in skim milk soft cheese (Kariesh cheese) and ice cream samples from local markets in Menoufia province, Egypt. Two-hundred samples (100 for each) were examined bacteriologically for prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus through culturing on specific media and biochemical identification. In addition to the molecular characterization of some virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in isolated strains. The obtained results revealed that the prevalence rate of S. aureus was 24% in kariesh cheese with an average count of 1.22x 103 ±1.39 x 102 CFU/g and 16% in ice-cream samples with an average count of 1.04 x103 ± 8.89x10 CFU/ml .Furthermore, the molecular characterization using specific primers sets for detection of Coa, Spa and blaZ genes of S. aureus was performed by amplification of these primers at single amplicon at 630 bp, 226 bp, and 173bp respectively. The molecular results confirmed the detection of these genes in all tested isolates of S.aureus. The obtained results proved that PCR technique is more sensitive and specific in detection of these genes than other conventional techniques and help to understanding the role of these genes in pathogenicity pathway in different disease conditions and construction of effective control measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoplasma bovis in cattle may cause economic losses in cattle farms. Bovine mycoplasmosis is endemic in Egypt. The aim of the current study to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of M. bovis strains recovered from cattle in Egypt. M. bovis was isolated by standard methods from nasal swabs, oral and conjunctival swabs of 200 diseased calves with percentages of 40, 15 and 20%, respectively. The examined M. bovis isolates were PCR positive to amplified fragment size 1626 bp of uvrC gene, 1007 bp of gapA gene and 797 bp of p40 pseudogene. Sequence analysis of uvrC gene of the field isolates showed (95.3%) similarity when compared with each other and (100%) identity with M. bovis reference strain (PG45) and the field strains on GenBank. Analysis of gapA gene of M. bovis isolates (Egy-8- Fa-14 and Egy-9-DK-14) showed (100%) identity between each other and (98.2%) identity with the reference strain (PG45). Our isolates showed (98.9% up to 100%) identity when compared with international field strains in GenBank. Concerning analysis of p40 pseudogene our field isolates showed (97.5%) identity when compared with each other, while (Egy-12-Fa-14) showed (99.8%) similarity with both M. bovis PG45 reference and field strains on GenBank. In conclusion M. bovis is circulating in bronchopneumonic calves in Egypt. This is the first record in Egypt to investigate some M. bovis genes by nucleotide sequence analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Respiratory infection is one of the most common problems facing the livestock industry in Egypt, and results in substantial economic losses. Several bacterial pathogens are implicated in respiratory infections in young calves. In our study, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from calves suffering from respiratory manifestations in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. However, the results revealed a low prevalence of these pathogens compared to other studies carried out in Egypt. This may be due to the low number of samples or application of vaccination programs in the study area. Mixed infection is the main perceived criteria in this study. The genetic characterization of these pathogens revealed the high identity and similarities within several global and local linages, proposing the probability of disseminating these bacterial pathogens through several routes during animal contact and movements and animal trading between different geographic locations around the world. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome associated with high mortality in young calves and causes severe economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The current study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of common bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory symptoms in young calves from Sadat City, one of the largest industrial cities in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. In between December 2020 and March 2021, 200 mixed-breed young calves of 6–12 months were examined clinically. Of them, sixty (30%) calves showed signs of respiratory manifestations, such as coughing, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharges, fever, and abnormal lung sound. Deep nasal (Nasopharyngeal) swabs were collected from the affected calves for bacteriological investigation. Phenotypic characterization and identification revealed Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus in 8.33%, 5%, 5%, and 5% of the tested samples, respectively. The PCR technique using species-specific primer sets successfully amplified the target bacterial DNA in all culture-positive samples, confirming the identity of the isolated bacterial species. Partial gene sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of M. bovigenitalium, P. multocida, and S. aureus, and mb-mp 81 gene of M. bovis revealed high nucleotide similarity and genetic relationship with respective bacterial species reported from Egypt and around the world, suggesting transmission of these bacterial species between animal host species and localities. Our study highlights the four important bacterial strains associated with respiratory disorders in calves and suggests the possible spread of these bacterial pathogens across animal species and different geographic locations. Further studies using WGS and a large number of isolates are required to investigate the realistic lineage of Egyptian isolates and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]