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1. Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle with the VIP-2 Experiment

Author

Fabrizio Napolitano, Sergio Bartalucci, Sergio Bertolucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Cesidio Capoccia, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, Carlo Fiorini, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Edoardo Milotti, Federico Nola, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessio Porcelli, Alessandro Scordo, Francesco Sgaramella, Hexi Shi, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal, and Catalina Curceanu

Subjects
Pauli Exclusion Principle, X-rays, VIP-2, fundamental symmetries, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP), albeit small, could be motivated by physics beyond the Standard Model, ranging from violation of Lorentz invariance to extra space dimensions. This scenario can be experimentally constrained through dedicated, state-of-the-art X-ray spectroscopy, searching for a forbidden atomic transition from the L shell to the K shell already occupied by two electrons. The VIP-2 Experiment located at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratories of INFN (Italy) tests PEP violations by introducing new electrons via a direct current in a copper conductor, measuring the X-ray energies through a silicon drift detector. Bayesian and frequentist analyses of approximately six months of data taken with the fully operational setup is presented, setting the strongest limit to date on the PEP violation shown by the VIP collaboration. The upper bound on PEP violation are placed at 90% CL β2/2≤6.8×10−42 with the Bayesian approach, and β2/2≤7.1×10−42 with the frequentist CLs technique.

Published
2022
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2. Underground Tests of Quantum Mechanics by the VIP Collaboration at Gran Sasso

Author

Fabrizio Napolitano, Andrea Addazi, Angelo Bassi, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, Maaneli Derakhshani, Sandro Donadi, Carlo Fiorini, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Simone Manti, Antonino Marcianò, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Edoardo Milotti, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessio Porcelli, Alessandro Scordo, Francesco Sgaramella, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal, and Catalina Curceanu

Subjects
wavefunction collapse, Pauli exclusion principle, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Chemistry (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, VIP-2, X-rays, Computer Science (miscellaneous), fundamental symmetries, Article, ddc
Abstract

Modern physics lays its foundations on the pillars of Quantum Mechanics (QM), which has been proven successful to describe the microscopic world of atoms and particles, leading to the construction of the Standard Model. Despite the big success, the old open questions at its very heart, such as the measurement problem and the wave function collapse, are still open. Various theories consider scenarios which could encompass a departure from the predictions of the standard QM, such as extra-dimensions or deformations of the Lorentz/Poincaré symmetries. At the Italian National Gran Sasso underground Laboratory LNGS, we search for evidence of new physics proceeding from models beyond standard QM, using radiation detectors. Collapse models addressing the foundations of QM, such as the gravity-related Diósi–Penrose (DP) and Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) models, predict the emission of spontaneous radiation, which allows experimental tests. Using a high-purity Germanium detector, we could exclude the natural parameterless version of the DP model and put strict bounds on the CSL one. In addition, forbidden atomic transitions could prove a possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) in open and closed systems. The VIP-2 experiment is currently in operation, aiming at detecting PEP-violating signals in Copper with electrons; the VIP-3 experiment upgrade is foreseen to become operative in the next few years. We discuss the VIP-Lead experiment on closed systems, and the strong bounds it sets on classes of non-commutative quantum gravity theories, such as the θ–Poincaré theory.

Published
2023
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3. Experimental Tests of Quantum Mechanics: Pauli Exclusion Principle and Spontaneous Collapse Models

Author

Petrascu, Catalina Curceanu, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bragadireanu, Mario, Clozza, Alberto, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihai, Rizzo, Alessandro, Vidal, Antonio Romero, Scordo, Alessandro, Sirghi, Diana Laura, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Doce, Oton Vazquez, Bassi, Angelo, Donadi, Sandro, Milotti, Edoardo, Laubenstein, Matthias, Bertolucci, Sergio, Curceanu, Catalina, Pietreanu, Dorel, Ponta, Titus, Cargnelli, Michael, Ishiwatari, Tomoichi, Marton, Johann, Widmann, Eberhard, Zmeskal, Johann, di Matteo, Sergio, Egger, Jean Pierre, Sidharth, Burra G., editor, Michelini, Marisa, editor, and Santi, Lorenzo, editor

Published
2014
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4. Semi-Analytical Monte Carlo Method to Simulate the Signal of the VIP-2 Experiment

Author

Edoardo Milotti, Sergio Bartalucci, Sergio Bertolucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Catalina Curceanu, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Fabrizio Napolitano, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessandro Scordo, Hexi Shi, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Laura Sperandio, Oton Vázquez Doce, and Johann Zmeskal

Subjects
pauli exclusion principle, X-rays, diffusion processes, fundamental symmetries, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

The VIP-2 collaboration runs an apparatus in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) designed to search for anomalous X-rays from electron-atom interactions due to violations of the fundamental antisymmetry of multi-electron wavefunctions. The experiment implements the scheme first proposed by Ramberg and Snow, where a current source injects electrons into a metal strip (the experiment’s target). In this paper we describe the structure of a Monte Carlo program to simulate a new upgrade of the experiment, where the anomalous X-ray emission is modulated by an arbitrary time-varying input current. A novel feature of the simulation algorithm is that the Monte Carlo program is based on a mixture of analytical and numerical methods. We report preliminary, exploratory results on the expected detection rate for different modulations of the injected current; these results are a starting point on the way to optimize the modulation scheme and indicate a large potential improvement of the detection sensitivity.

Published
2020
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5. High Precision Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons

Author

Kristian Piscicchia, Aidin Amirkhani, Sergio Bartalucci, Sergio Bertolucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Catalina Curceanu, Raffaele Del Grande, Luca De Paolis, Jean-Pierre Egger, Carlo Fiorini, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Edoardo Milotti, Andreas Pichler, Dorel Pietreanu, Alessandro Scordo, Hexi Shi, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Laura Sperandio, Oton Vazquez Doce, and Johann Zmeskal

Subjects
Pauli exclusion principle, quantum foundations, X-ray spectroscopy, underground experiment, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The VIP-2 experiment aims to perform high precision tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons. The method consists in circulating a continuous current in a copper strip, searching for the X radiation emission due to a prohibited transition (from the 2p level to the 1s level of copper when this is already occupied by two electrons). VIP already set the best limit on the PEP violation probability for electrons 1 2 β 2 < 4.7 × 10 − 29 , the goal of the upgraded VIP-2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle-2) experiment is to improve this result of two orders of magnitude at least. The experimental apparatus and the results of the analysis of a first set of collected data will be presented.

Published
2019
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6. Underground Tests of Quantum Mechanics by the VIP Collaboration at Gran Sasso.

Author

Napolitano, Fabrizio, Addazi, Andrea, Bassi, Angelo, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Del Grande, Raffaele, Derakhshani, Maaneli, Donadi, Sandro, Fiorini, Carlo, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthias, Manti, Simone, Marcianò, Antonino, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, and Milotti, Edoardo

Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics, NUCLEAR counters, ENGINEERING standards, ATOMIC transitions, GERMANIUM detectors, QUANTUM gravity
Abstract

Modern physics lays its foundations on the pillars of Quantum Mechanics (QM), which has been proven successful to describe the microscopic world of atoms and particles, leading to the construction of the Standard Model. Despite the big success, the old open questions at its very heart, such as the measurement problem and the wave function collapse, are still open. Various theories consider scenarios which could encompass a departure from the predictions of the standard QM, such as extra-dimensions or deformations of the Lorentz/Poincaré symmetries. At the Italian National Gran Sasso underground Laboratory LNGS, we search for evidence of new physics proceeding from models beyond standard QM, using radiation detectors. Collapse models addressing the foundations of QM, such as the gravity-related Diósi–Penrose (DP) and Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) models, predict the emission of spontaneous radiation, which allows experimental tests. Using a high-purity Germanium detector, we could exclude the natural parameterless version of the DP model and put strict bounds on the CSL one. In addition, forbidden atomic transitions could prove a possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) in open and closed systems. The VIP-2 experiment is currently in operation, aiming at detecting PEP-violating signals in Copper with electrons; the VIP-3 experiment upgrade is foreseen to become operative in the next few years. We discuss the VIP-Lead experiment on closed systems, and the strong bounds it sets on classes of non-commutative quantum gravity theories, such as the θ –Poincaré theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. VIP 2: experimental tests of the pauli exclusion principle for electrons

Author

Pichler, A., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., Paolis, L. De, Matteo, S. Di, D’Uffizi, A., Egger, J.-P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez-Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Published
2015
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8. On the Importance of Electron Diffusion in a Bulk-Matter Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle

Author

Edoardo Milotti, Sergio Bartalucci, Sergio Bertolucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Catalina Curceanu, Luca De Paolis, Jean-Pierre Egger, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Andreas Pichler, Dorel Pietreanu, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessandro Scordo, Hexi Shi, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Laura Sperandio, Oton Vázquez Doce, Eberhard Widmann, and Johann Zmeskal

Subjects
Pauli exclusion principle, X-rays, diffusion processes, fundamental symmetries, Science, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The VIolation of Pauli (VIP) experiment (and its upgraded version, VIP-2) uses the Ramberg and Snow (RS) method (Phys. Lett. B 1990, 238, 438) to search for violations of the Pauli exclusion principle in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The RS method consists of feeding a copper conductor with a high direct current, so that the large number of newly-injected conduction electrons can interact with the copper atoms and possibly cascade electromagnetically to an already occupied atomic ground state if their wavefunction has the wrong symmetry with respect to the atomic electrons, emitting characteristic X-rays as they do so. In their original data analysis, RS considered a very simple path for each electron, which is sure to return a bound, albeit a very weak one, because it ignores the meandering random walks of the electrons as they move from the entrance to the exit of the copper sample. These complex walks bring the electrons close to many more atoms than in the RS calculation. Here, we consider the full description of these walks and show that this leads to a nontrivial and nonlinear X-ray emission rate. Finally, we obtain an improved bound, which sets much tighter constraints on the violation of the Pauli exclusion principle for electrons.

Published
2018
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9. Search for a remnant violation of the Pauli exclusion principle in a Roman lead target

Author

Matthias Laubenstein, Marco Miliucci, Diana Sirghi, Michael Cargnelli, Massimiliano Bazzi, Dorel Pietreanu, Johann Marton, Luca De Paolis, C. Guaraldo, Florin Sirghi, Mario Bragadireanu, Edoardo Milotti, Catalina Curceanu, Kristian Piscicchia, Laura Sperandio, Raffaele Del Grande, Oton Vazquez Doce, Sergio Bertolucci, Johann Zmeskal, Carlo Fiorini, A. Amirkhani, Sergio Bartalucci, Hexi Shi, Alessandro Scordo, A. Pichler, M. Iliescu, Alberto Clozza, J. P. Egger, Piscicchia, K., Milotti, E., Amirkhani, A., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Del Grande, R., Depaolis, L., Egger, J. -P., Fiorini, C., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Miliucci, M., Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquezdoce, O., Zmeskal, J., and Curceanu, C.

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Cosmic ray, lcsh:Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, Tests of fundamental symmetries, Orders of magnitude (bit rate), X-ray, symbols.namesake, Lead (geology), Pauli exclusion principle, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Tests of fundamental symmetrie, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spin-statistics connection, symbols, lcsh:QC770-798, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, National laboratory
Abstract

In this paper we report on the results of two analyses of the data taken with a dedicated VIP-Lead experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN. We use measurements taken in an environment that is especially well screened from cosmic rays, with a metal target made of “Roman lead” which is characterised by a low level of intrinsic radioactivity. The analyses lead to an improvement, on the upper bounds of the Pauli Exclusion Principle violation for electrons, which is more than one (four) orders of magnitude, when the electron-atom interactions are described in terms of scatterings (or close encounters) respectively.

Published
2020
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10. New Concepts in Tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in Bulk Matter

Author

J.-P. Egger, Marco Miliucci, Florin Sirghi, Mario Bragadireanu, C. Guaraldo, Sergio Bartalucci, R. Del Grande, L. De Paolis, Hexi Shi, Johann Marton, O. Vazquez Doce, M. Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, J. Zmeskal, Diana Sirghi, D. Pietreanu, M. Bazzi, Carlo Fiorini, Alberto Clozza, S. Bertolucci, Edoardo Milotti, A. Pichler, Alessandro Scordo, Catalina Curceanu, K. Piscicchia, Laura Sperandio, A. Amirkhani, Michael Cargnelli, Milotti, E., Piscicchia, K., Amirkhani, A., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Del Grande, R., De Paolis, L., Egger, J. -P., Fiorini, C., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Miliucci, M., Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Zmeskal, J., and Curceanu, C.

Subjects
Physics, electron diffusion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, quantum mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, experimental tests, quantum mechanic, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical physics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, electron capture, experimental test, 0103 physical sciences, symbols
Abstract

The standard scheme of several tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in bulk matter — both in the experiment and in the subsequent data analysis — has long been based on the seminal paper by E. Ramberg, G.A. Snow [Phys. Lett. B 238, 438 (1990)]. The ideas exposed in that paper are so simple and immediate that they have long gone unchallenged. However, while some of the underlying approximations are still valid, other parts of the article must be reconsidered. Here, we discuss some new concepts thatare related to the motion of the electrons in the test metal (the “target” of the experiment) and which have been recently studied in the framework of the VIP-2 Collaboration.

Published
2020

11. The key role of the Silicon Drift Detectors in testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons: the VIP-2 experiment

Author

Marco Miliucci, Johann Zmeskal, Sergio Bartalucci, Hexi Shi, Alessandro Scordo, Florin Sirghi, Mario Bragadireanu, J.-P. Egger, D. Pietreanu, S. Bertolucci, Matthias Laubenstein, A. Pichler, K. Piscicchia, Edoardo Milotti, T. Mazzocchi, Johann Marton, A. Amirkhani, Alberto Clozza, Laura Sperandio, M. Bazzi, R. Del Grande, L. De Paolis, Diana Sirghi, C. Guaraldo, Catalina Curceanu, Michael Cargnelli, Carlo Fiorini, M. Veith, M. Iliescu, O. Vazquez Doce, Paolis, L De, Amirkhani, A, Bartalucci, S, Bertolucci, S, Bazzi, M, Bragadireanu, M, Cargnelli, M, Clozza, A, Curceanu, C, Grande, R Del, Egger, J P, Fiorini, C, Guaraldo, C, Iliescu, M, Laubenstein, M, Marton, J, Mazzocchi, T, Miliucci, M, Milotti, E, Pichler, A, Pietreanu, D, Piscicchia, K, Scordo, A, Shi, H, Sirghi, D L, Sirghi, F, Sperandio, L, Vazquez Doce, O, Veith, M, and Zmeskal, J

Subjects
Physics, Paper, History, Silicon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanic, Quantum mechanics, Experimental tests, Spin-statistics connection, Computer Science Applications, Education, ddc, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Key (cryptography), 010306 general physics
Abstract

The VIP experiment performed an accurate investigation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons. The apparatus was installed in the Gran Sasso Laboratories of the National Institute of Nuclear Physic in Italy, an underground environment with an extremely low cosmic background. The aim of the experiment was to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons in a copper target circulated by a Direct Current (DC) current, searching for X-rays emission due to an atomic transition forbidden by Pauli exclusion principle, from the L shell to the K shell of copper when the K shell is already occupied by two electrons. VIP set an upper limit on the Pauli exclusion principle violation probability 1/2β 2 –29. The goal of the upgraded VIP-2 experiment, presently in data taking at Gran Sasso Laboratories, is to improve this limit by two orders of magnitude. The VIP-2 experimental apparatus, in which the Silicon Drift Detectors have the key role of X-ray detectors, and preliminary results are presented.

Published
2020

12. Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle in the Cosmic Silence

Author

Florin Sirghi, Michael Cargnelli, Matthias Laubenstein, M. Bazzi, M. Iliescu, J.-P. Egger, Hexi Shi, Alberto Clozza, L. De Paolis, Diana Sirghi, Carlo Fiorini, C. Guaraldo, Mario Bragadireanu, Marco Miliucci, O. Vazquez Doce, Edoardo Milotti, J. Zmeskal, Sergio Bartalucci, Laura Sperandio, D. Pietreanu, Alessandro Scordo, K. Piscicchia, S. Bertolucci, A. Pichler, Catalina Curceanu, R. Del Grande, A. Amirkhani, Johann Marton, Piscicchia, K., Pichler, A., Amirkhani, A., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Del Grande, R., De Paolis, L., Egger, J., Fiorini, C., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Miliucci, M., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Zmeskal, J., and Curceanu, C.

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, quantum mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, experimental tests, quantum mechanic, X-ray detectors, 01 natural sciences, Silence, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Pauli exclusion principle, experimental test, 0103 physical sciences, symbols
Abstract

The VIP Collaboration is performing high precision tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons in the extremely low cosmic background environment of the Underground Gran Sasso Laboratories of INFN (Italy). The experimental technique consists in introducing a DC current in a copper conductor, searching for Kα PEP-forbidden atomic transitions when the K shell is already occupied by two electrons. VIP set an upper limit on the PEP-violation probability (½) x β^2 < 4.7 × 10^−29. The aim of the upgraded VIP-2 experiment is to improve this result at least by two orders of magnitude. The improved experimental setup and the results of a preliminary data analysis, corresponding to the the first run of the VIP-2 data taking (2016–2017), will be presented.

Published
2020
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13. High Sensitivity Pauli Exclusion Principle Tests by the VIP Experiment: Status and Perspectives.

Author

PISCICCHIA, K., BARTALUCCI, S., BERTOLUCCI, S., BAZZI, M., BORGHI, G., BRAGADIREANU, M., CAPOCCIA, C., CARGNELLI, M., CLOZZA, A., DEL GRANDE, R., DE PAOLIS, L., FIORINI, C., GUARALDO, C., ILIESCU, M., LAUBENSTEINI, M., MARTON, J., MILIUCCI, M., MILOTTI, E., NAPOLITANO, F., and PORCELLI, A.

Subjects
GOVERNMENT laboratories, ELECTRONS, X-ray spectroscopy, ATOMIC number
Abstract

The VIP Collaboration is performing high sensitivity tests of the Pauli exclusion principle for electrons in the extremely-low cosmic background environment of the Gran Sasso underground National Laboratory of INFN. In its open-systems configuration, the experiment checks the continuously renewed symmetry state of the conductive target, constantly supplied with electrons through a direct current. Consequently, VIP is operating the sole experiment challenging the spin-statistics connection in compliance with the Messiah-Greenberg superselection rule. The strongest bounds set by the VIP-2 experiment on the Pauli exclusion principle violation probability, by exploiting a copper target, will be reviewed. The future VIP-3 experiment will be presented, the aim of which is to map the Pauli exclusion principle violation probability as a function of the atomic number of the target under test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. Analysis methods used and planned for VIP-2.

Author

Porcelli, Alessio, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Capoccia, Cesidio, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Curceanu, Catalina, De Paolis, Luca, Del Grande, Raffaele, Fiorini, Carlo, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihai, Laubenstein, Matthias, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, Milotti, Edoardo, Napolitano, Fabrizio, and Piscicchia, Kristian

Subjects
QUANTUM gravity, PAULI exclusion principle, ELECTRON configuration, PARTICLE physics, QUANTUM principles
Abstract

VIP-2 (VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle - 2) is an underground experiment sited in the underground "Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso." It aims to investigate possible violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and, in this context, Quantum Gravity models implying violations of PEP. While an upper limit of PEP violation probability is recently published, the data requires further developments of accurate analysis techniques and methods. In this contribution, we present an overview of the methodologies proposed for current and planned analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. High Precision Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons

Author

Matthias Laubenstein, M. Iliescu, Laura Sperandio, Johann Marton, Hexi Shi, Sergio Bartalucci, Michael Cargnelli, A. Pichler, Marco Miliucci, J. P. Egger, Dorel Pietreanu, Alberto Clozza, Diana Sirghi, Carlo Fiorini, Kristian Piscicchia, Florin Sirghi, Sergio Bertolucci, Raffaele Del Grande, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Alessandro Scordo, Luca De Paolis, Oton Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal, Catalina Curceanu, A. Amirkhani, C. Guaraldo, Edoardo Milotti, Piscicchia, Kristian, Amirkhani, Aidin, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Curceanu, Catalina, Del Grande, Raffaele, De Paolis, Luca, Egger, Jean-Pierre, Fiorini, Carlo, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthia, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, Milotti, Edoardo, Pichler, Andrea, Pietreanu, Dorel, Scordo, Alessandro, Shi, Hexi, Sirghi, Diana Laura, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Doce, Oton Vazquez, and Zmeskal, Johann

Subjects
quantum foundation, Particle physics, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols.namesake, Radiation emission, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Limit (mathematics), Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, quantum foundations, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, underground experiment, symbols, X-ray spectroscopy, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Continuous current, Order of magnitude, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The VIP-2 experiment aims to perform high precision tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons. The method consists in circulating a continuous current in a copper strip, searching for the X radiation emission due to a prohibited transition (from the 2p level to the 1s level of copper when this is already occupied by two electrons). VIP already set the best limit on the PEP violation probability for electrons 1 2 &beta, 2 &lt, 4.7 &times, 10 &minus, 29 , the goal of the upgraded VIP-2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle-2) experiment is to improve this result of two orders of magnitude at least. The experimental apparatus and the results of the analysis of a first set of collected data will be presented.

Published
2019
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16. VIP2 in LNGS - Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with high sensitivity

Author

Johann Zmeskal, C. Guaraldo, Matthias Laubenstein, Sergio Bartalucci, Johann Marton, Kristian Piscicchia, A. Pichler, Hexi Shi, A. Amirkhani, M. Milucci, Carlo Fiorini, M. Iliescu, J.-P. Egger, M. Bragadireanu, Alberto Clozza, Michael Cargnelli, Massimiliano Bazzi, L. De Paolis, O. Vazquez-Doce, D. L. Sirghi, Dorel Pietreanu, Sergio Bertolucci, Alessandro Scordo, R. Del Grande, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Catalina Curceanu, Florin Sirghi, Marton, J., Pichler, A., Amirkhani, A., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., Del Grande, R., De Paolis, L., Egger, J. -P., Fiorini, C., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, E., Milucci, M., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez-Doce, O., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Paper, History, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, quantum mechanic, Electron, 01 natural sciences, spin-statistics, Education, X-ray, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Sensitivity (control systems), Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, fundamental symmetrie, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, quantum mechanics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computer Science Applications, ddc, atomic transitions, fundamental symmetries, Underground laboratory, symbols, atomic transition, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Ground state
Abstract

The VIP2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) is searching for possible violations of standard quantum mechanics predictions in atoms at very high sensitivity. We investigate atomic transitions with precision X-ray spectroscopy in order to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and therefore the related spin-statistics theorem. We will present our experimental method for the search for "anomalous" (i.e. Pauli-forbidden) X-ray transitions in copper atoms, produced by "new" electrons, which could have tiny probability to undergo Pauli-forbidden transition to the ground state already occupied by two electrons. We will describe the VIP2 experimental setup, which is taking data at LNGS presently. The goal of VIP2 is to test the PEP for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to a limit in the probability that PEP is violated at the level of 10$^{-31}$. We will present current experimental results and discuss implications of a possible violation., Comment: Proceedings of DICE 2018 Conference

Published
2019

17. Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle with the VIP-2 Experiment.

Author

Napolitano, Fabrizio, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Capoccia, Cesidio, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Del Grande, Raffaele, Fiorini, Carlo, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthias, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, Milotti, Edoardo, Nola, Federico, Piscicchia, Kristian, and Porcelli, Alessio

Subjects
ATOMIC transitions, STANDARD model (Nuclear physics), LORENTZ invariance, SILICON detectors, X-ray spectroscopy, COPPER powder
Abstract

Violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP), albeit small, could be motivated by physics beyond the Standard Model, ranging from violation of Lorentz invariance to extra space dimensions. This scenario can be experimentally constrained through dedicated, state-of-the-art X-ray spectroscopy, searching for a forbidden atomic transition from the L shell to the K shell already occupied by two electrons. The VIP-2 Experiment located at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratories of INFN (Italy) tests PEP violations by introducing new electrons via a direct current in a copper conductor, measuring the X-ray energies through a silicon drift detector. Bayesian and frequentist analyses of approximately six months of data taken with the fully operational setup is presented, setting the strongest limit to date on the PEP violation shown by the VIP collaboration. The upper bound on PEP violation are placed at 90% CL β 2 / 2 ≤ 6.8 × 10 − 42 with the Bayesian approach, and β 2 / 2 ≤ 7.1 × 10 − 42 with the frequentist CLs technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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18. High precision test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons

Author

Hexi Shi, M. Veith, R. Del Grande, L. De Paolis, Matthias Laubenstein, Florin Sirghi, J.-P. Egger, Sergio Bartalucci, O. Vazquez Doce, C. Guaraldo, Marco Miliucci, Edoardo Milotti, Mario Bragadireanu, D. Laura Sirghi, Dorel Pietreanu, K. Piscicchia, T. Mazzocchi, Alberto Clozza, Michael Cargnelli, Laura Sperandio, Johann Zmeskal, A. Amirkhani, Sergio Bertolucci, Johann Marton, M. Bazzi, A. Pichler, Catalina Curceanu, M. Iliescu, Alessandro Scordo, and Carlo Fiorini

Subjects
Physics, Paper, History, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron shell, Electron, Copper conductor, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, L-shell, ddc, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, engineering, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Order of magnitude
Abstract

The VIP collaboration is performing high precision tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons in the extremely low cosmic background environment of the Underground Gran Sasso Laboratories of INFN (Italy). The experimental technique consists in introducing a DC current in a copper conductor, searching for the X-rays emission due to a PEP-forbidden atomic transition from the L shell to the K shell of copper when the K shell is already occupied by two electrons. VIP set un upper limit on the PEP violation probability 1 2 β 2 < 4.7 × 10 − 29 , the aim of the upgraded VIP-2 experiment is to improve this result by two orders of magnitude at least. The experimental setup and the results of preliminary data analyses will be presented.

Published
2019

19. Experimental search for the violation of Pauli exclusion principle

Author

S. Bertolucci, A. Pichler, A. M. Bragadireanu, Diana Sirghi, Sergio Bartalucci, S. Di Matteo, L. De Paolis, O. Vazquez Doce, J.-P. Egger, Johann Marton, D. Pietreanu, Edoardo Milotti, M. Bazzi, C. Guaraldo, Florin Sirghi, Johann Zmeskal, Marco Miliucci, Hexi Shi, Laura Sperandio, Matthias Laubenstein, Alessandro Scordo, K. Piscicchia, E. Widmann, Hebatalla Elnaggar, Alberto Clozza, M. Iliescu, Catalina Curceanu, Michael Cargnelli, Shi, H., Milotti, E., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Egger, J. -P., Elnaggar, H., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Miliucci, M., Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., and Curceanu, C.

Subjects
Systematic error, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Fundamental symmetries, X-ray, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Limit (mathematics), Fundamental symmetrie, 010306 general physics, Wave function, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Background data, Quantum field theory, symbols, Ground state
Abstract

The VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle -2 experiment, or VIP-2 experiment, at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso searches for X-rays from copper atomic transitions that are prohibited by the Pauli exclusion principle. Candidate direct violation events come from the transition of a 2p electron to the ground state that is already occupied by two electrons. From the first data taking campaign in 2016 of VIP-2 experiment, we determined a best upper limit of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$3.4~\times ~10^{-29}$$\end{document}3.4×10-29 for the probability that such a violation exists. Significant improvement in the control of the experimental systematics was also achieved, although not explicitly reflected in the improved upper limit. By introducing a simultaneous spectral fit of the signal and background data in the analysis, we succeeded in taking into account systematic errors that could not be evaluated previously in this type of measurements.

Published
2018

20. On the Importance of Electron Diffusion in a Bulk-Matter Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle

Author

Hexi Shi, M. Cargnelli, Luca De Paolis, K. Piscicchia, Alberto Clozza, Sergio Bartalucci, Marco Miliucci, Florin Sirghi, J. P. Egger, Matthias Laubenstein, Edoardo Milotti, D. Pietreanu, Johann Zmeskal, A. Pichler, Oton Vazquez Doce, Sergio Bertolucci, Laura Sperandio, Alessandro Scordo, Eberhard Widmann, Diana Sirghi, M. Iliescu, C. Guaraldo, Catalina Curceanu, J. Marton, Mario Bragadireanu, Massimiliano Bazzi, Milotti, Edoardo, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Curceanu, Catalina, De Paolis, Luca, Egger, Jean-Pierre, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthia, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, Pichler, Andrea, Pietreanu, Dorel, Piscicchia, Kristian, Scordo, Alessandro, Shi, Hexi, Sirghi, Diana, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Vázquez Doce, Oton, Widmann, Eberhard, and Zmeskal, Johann

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, lcsh:Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Article, X-ray, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols.namesake, Quantum mechanics, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, X-rays, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, Wave function, Physics, diffusion processes, fundamental symmetries, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Thermal conduction, Random walk, lcsh:QC1-999, Symmetry (physics), symbols, lcsh:Q, diffusion processe, Ground state, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The VIolation of Pauli (VIP) experiment (and its upgraded version, VIP-2) uses the Ramberg and Snow (RS) method (Phys. Lett. B 1990, 238, 438) to search for violations of the Pauli exclusion principle in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The RS method consists of feeding a copper conductor with a high direct current, so that the large number of newly-injected conduction electrons can interact with the copper atoms and possibly cascade electromagnetically to an already occupied atomic ground state if their wavefunction has the wrong symmetry with respect to the atomic electrons, emitting characteristic X-rays as they do so. In their original data analysis, RS considered a very simple path for each electron, which is sure to return a bound, albeit a very weak one, because it ignores the meandering random walks of the electrons as they move from the entrance to the exit of the copper sample. These complex walks bring the electrons close to many more atoms than in the RS calculation. Here, we consider the full description of these walks and show that this leads to a nontrivial and nonlinear X-ray emission rate. Finally, we obtain an improved bound, which sets much tighter constraints on the violation of the Pauli exclusion principle for electrons.

Published
2018

21. Detector setup of the VIP2 underground experiment at LNGS

Author

S. Di Matteo, Johann Marton, Florin Sirghi, M. Bazzi, Sergio Bartalucci, Matthias Laubenstein, L. De Paolis, Alessandro Scordo, Catalina Curceanu, A. M. Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Dorel Pietreanu, Edoardo Milotti, Marco Miliucci, Hexi Shi, Johann Zmeskal, D. L. Sirghi, Sergio Bertolucci, A. Pichler, Laura Sperandio, O. Vazquez Doce, E. Widmann, Hebatalla Elnaggar, Alberto Clozza, M. Iliescu, J.-P. Egger, K. Piscicchia, C. Guaraldo, Marton, J., Pichler, A., Shi, H., Milotti, E., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Egger, J. -P., Elnaggar, H., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Miliucci, M., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Foundational Questions Institute, FQXiAustrian Science Fund, FWF P 30635-N36, W 1252-N27John Templeton Foundation, JTF 58158Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Centro Fermi, Università degli studi di Trieste, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon, 29.40.Gx, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 29.40.Cs, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, SDD, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Underground experiment, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], SDDs, chemistry, X-ray spectroscopy, Electromagnetic shielding, symbols, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

International audience; The VIP2 experiment tests the Pauli Exclusion Principle with high sensitivity, by searching for Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions from the 2p to the 1s shell in copper at about 8keV. The transition energy of Pauli-forbidden Kα X-rays is shifted by about 300 eV with respect to the normal allowed Kα line. This energy difference can be resolved using Silicon Drift Detectors. The data for this experiment is taken in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), which provides shielding from cosmic radiation. An overview of the detection system of the VIP2 experiment will be given. This includes the Silicon Drift Detectors used as X-ray detectors which provide an energy resolution of around 150 eV at 6 keV and timing information for active shielding. Furthermore, the low maintenance requirement makes them excellent X-ray detectors for the use in an underground laboratory. The VIP2 setup will be discussed which consists of a high current target system and a passive as well as an active shielding system using plastic scintillators read out by Silicon Photomultipliers. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2018

22. Underground Test of Quantum Mechanics: The VIP2 Experiment

Author

Sergio Bartalucci, J.-P. Egger, Mario Bragadireanu, L. De Paolis, Matthias Laubenstein, Angelo Bassi, Florin Sirghi, Alessandro Scordo, Hexi Shi, Edoardo Milotti, Johann Marton, A. Pichler, M. Bazzi, Alberto Clozza, C. Guaraldo, Laura Sperandio, Sandro Donadi, Sergio Bertolucci, E. Widmann, Carolina Berucci, Diana Sirghi, K. Piscicchia, Catalina Curceanu, J. Zmeskal, S. Di Matteo, M. Iliescu, D. Pietreanu, Michael Cargnelli, O. Vazquez-Doce, Andrei Khrennikov, Bourama Toni, Marton, Johann, Bartalucci, S., Bassi, A., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, S., Egger, J. -P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, E., Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez-Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Quantum Mechanics, Symmetries in Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, quant-ph, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Circulating current, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, General Theoretical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Quantum Mechanic, Underground laboratory, symbols, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Wave function collapse
Abstract

We are experimentally investigating possible violations of standard quantum mechanics predictions in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy. We test with high precision the Pauli exclusion principle and the collapse of the wave function (collapse models). We present our method of searching for possible small violations of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) for electrons, through the search for anomalous X-ray transitions in copper atoms, produced by fresh electrons (brought inside the copper bar by circulating current) which could have a non-zero probability to undergo Pauli-forbidden transition to the 1s level already occupied by two electrons, and we describe the VIP2 (Violation of PEP) experiment under data taking at the Gran Sasso underground laboratories. In this paper the new VIP2 setup installed in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory will be presented. The goal of VIP2 is to test the PEP for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to a limit in the probability that PEP is violated at the level of 10−31. We show preliminary experimental results and discuss implications of a possible violation.

Published
2018

23. VIP2 at Gran Sasso - Test of the validity of the spin statistics theorem for electrons with X-ray spectroscopy

Author

C. Berucci, Dorel Pietreanu, Johann Zmeskal, Matthias Laubenstein, Massimiliano Bazzi, Sergio Bartalucci, M. Bragadireanu, Eberhard Widmann, Catalina Curceanu, D. L. Sirghi, Hexi Shi, L. De Paolis, M. Iliescu, Alessandro Scordo, J.-P. Egger, Sergio Bertolucci, Florin Sirghi, S. Di Matteo, Michael Cargnelli, O. Vazquez-Doce, Kristian Piscicchia, Alberto Clozza, C. Guaraldo, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Johann Marton, A. Pichler, Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Università degli studi di Trieste, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Foundational Questions Institute, FQXiAustrian Science Fund, FWF: P25529-N20, W1252-N27John Templeton Foundation, JTF: 58158CA 15220, Clark K.Jillings C.Kraus C.Saffin J.Scorza S., Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Marton, J., Pichler, A., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., Paolis, L. D., Matteo, S. D., Egger, J. -P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez-Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
electron, History, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, experimental methods, Underground laboratory, X-ray: irradiation, High-precision, Electron, 01 natural sciences, wave function: collapse, Limit (mathematics), Wave function, Wave functions, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, symmetry: violation, quantum mechanics, Spin–statistics theorem, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Pauli principle, Computer Science Applications, symbols, Ground state, Particle physics, spin: statistics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electrons, Education, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Pauli, 010306 general physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Forbidden transitions, quantum physics, experimental tests, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, X ray spectroscopy, Spin statistics theorems, deep underground detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], quantum physic, Gran Sasso, copper: target, X ray transitions, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Wave function collapse, Circulating current, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Copper
Abstract

In the VIP2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exlusion Principle) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) we are searching for possible violations of standard quantum mechanics predictions. With high precision we investigate the Pauli Exclusion Principle and the collapse of the wave function (collapse models). We will present our experimental method of searching for possible small violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons, via the search for "anomalous" X-ray transitions in copper atoms, produced by "new" electrons (brought inside a copper bar by circulating current) which could have the probability to undergo Pauli-forbidden transition to the ground state (1 s level) already occupied by two electrons. We will describe the concept of the VIP2 experiment taking data at LNGS presently. The goal of VIP2 is to test the PEP for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to a limit in the probability that PEP is violated at the level of 10$^{-31}$. We will show preliminary experimental results obtained at LNGS and discuss implications of a possible violation., Comment: Proceedings TAUP 2017

Published
2017

24. Quantum mechanics under X-rays in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory

Author

Matthias Laubenstein, Johann Marton, A. Pichler, Edoardo Milotti, Jean Pierre Egger, Diana Sirghi, Mario Bragadireanu, Laura Sperandio, Marco Miliucci, Angelo Bassi, Sergio Bartalucci, Johann Zmeskal, C. Guaraldo, Sandro Donadi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Michael Cargnelli, Florin Sirghi, Sergio Di Matteo, Hexi Shi, Catalina Curceanu, M. Iliescu, Alessandro Scordo, Massimiliano Bazzi, Luca De Paolis, Alberto Clozza, Kristian Piscicchia, Sergio Bertolucci, Dorel Pietreanu, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Curceanu, C., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Miliucci, M., Pietreanu, D., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sperandio, L., Bassi, A., Donadi, S., Milotti, E., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Marton, J., Pichler, A., Zmeskal, J., Di Matteo, S., Egger, J. P., Laubenstein, M., Piscicchia, K., Doce, O. V., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
electron, radiation detector, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Measurement problem, collapse models, Electron, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, Bayesian, Particle detector, localization, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, radiation detectors, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, model: collapse, X-ray: emission, collapse model, Pauli, 010306 general physics, Physics, Spin-statistics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spin-statistic, quantum mechanics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Gran Sasso, Underground laboratory, symbols, measurement theory, Order of magnitude
Abstract

International audience; By performing X-ray measurements in the “cosmic silence” of the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, we test a basic principle of quantum mechanics: the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) for electrons. We present the achieved results of the VIP experiment and the ongoing VIP2 measurement aiming to gain two orders of magnitude improvement in testing PEP. X-ray emission can also be used to put strong constraints on the parameters of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization Model, which was introduced as a possible solution to the measurement problem in Quantum Mechanics. A Bayesian analysis of the data collected by IGEX will be presented, which allows to exclude a broad region of the parameter space which characterizes this model.

Published
2017

25. Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in the VIP-2 Underground Experiment

Author

Mario Bragadireanu, Diana Sirghi, Massimiliano Bazzi, Florin Sirghi, Johann Zmeskal, Marco Miliucci, Luca De Paolis, Sergio Di Matteo, C. Guaraldo, Edoardo Milotti, Oton Vazquez Doce, Kristian Piscicchia, Matthias Laubenstein, Dorel Pietreanu, Alberto Clozza, Eberhard Widmann, Laura Sperandio, Alessandro Scordo, M. Iliescu, Sergio Bertolucci, Johann Marton, Michael Cargnelli, A. Pichler, J. P. Egger, Hexi Shi, Sergio Bartalucci, Catalina Curceanu, Carolina Berucci, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [P25529-N20], EU COST Action [CA15220], Centro Fermi (' Problemi aperti nella meccania quantistica' project), John Templeton Foundation [58158], Curceanu, Catalina, Shi, Hexi, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Di Matteo, Sergio, Egger, Jean Pierre, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Marton, Johann, Laubenstein, Matthia, Milotti, Edoardo, Miliucci, Marco, Pichler, Andrea, Pietreanu, Dorel, Piscicchia, Kristian, Scordo, Alessandro, Sirghi, Diana, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Widmann, Eberhard, Zmeskal, Johann, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
quantum foundation, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, x-ray spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols.namesake, silicon drift detector, 0103 physical sciences, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Quantum, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), quantum foundations, X-ray spectroscopy, underground experiment, symbols, Orbit (control theory), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Ground state, pauli exclusion principle
Abstract

The validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, a building block of Quantum Mechanics, is tested for electrons. The VIP (VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle) and its follow-up VIP-2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso search for x-rays from copper atomic transition that are prohibited by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The candidate events, if they exist, originate from the transition of a $2p$ orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. The present limit on the probability for Pauli Exclusion Principle violation for electrons set by the VIP experiment is 4.7 $\times$ 10 $^{-29}$. We report a first result from the VIP-2 experiment improving on the VIP limit, that solidifies the final goal to achieve a two order of magnitude gain in the long run., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to journal Entropy special issue: "Quantum Information and Foundations", 2017

Published
2017

26. The X-ray machine for the examination of quantum mechanics

Author

C. Guaraldo, Johann Marton, Sandro Donadi, A. Pichler, Matthias Laubenstein, Michael Cargnelli, Florin Sirghi, Carolina Berucci, M. Iliescu, Sergio Di Matteo, Alberto Clozza, Catalina Curceanu, Dorel Pietreanu, A. d'Uffizi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Sergio Bertolucci, Jean Pierre Egger, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessandro Scordo, Massimiliano Bazzi, T. Ponta, A. M. Bragadireanu, Luca De Paolis, Hexi Shi, Sergio Bartalucci, Johann Zmeskal, Diana Sirghi, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Angelo Bassi, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering (IFIN HH), National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, Università degli studi di Trieste, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Curceanu, Catalina, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bassi, Angelo, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bertolucci, Sergio, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Alexandru Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Di Matteo, Sergio, Donadi, Sandro, D'Uffizi, Alessandro, Egger, Jean Pierre, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthia, Marton, Johann, Milotti, Edoardo, Pichler, Andrea, Pietreanu, Dorel, Piscicchia, Kristian, Ponta, Titu, Scordo, Alessandro, Shi, Hexi, Sirghi, Diana, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Doce, Oton Vazquez, and Zmeskal, Johann

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Spin-statistic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, collapse models, 01 natural sciences, Signature (logic), X-ray, Spin-statistics, X-rays, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Underground laboratory, collapse model, 010306 general physics, Wave function collapse, Order of magnitude
Abstract

International audience; By performing X-rays measurements in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, we test a basic principle of quantum mechanics: the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP). In the future, we aim to use a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function predicted by continuous spontaneous localization theories. We present the achieved results of the VIP experiment and the future plans to gain two orders of magnitude in testing PEP with the recently VIP2 setup installed at Gran Sasso. © 2016 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Published
2016

27. Search for the violation of Pauli Exclusion Principle at LNGS

Author

Florin Sirghi, Alessandro Scordo, D. Pietreanu, Diana Sirghi, S. Di Matteo, Alberto Clozza, J.-P. Egger, Edoardo Milotti, O. Vazquez Doce, Laura Sperandio, S. Bertolucci, A. Pichler, K. Piscicchia, C. Guaraldo, A. M. Bragadireanu, E. Widmann, Johann Marton, Johann Zmeskal, Matthias Laubenstein, Michael Cargnelli, Sergio Bartalucci, Hexi Shi, M. Bazzi, M. Iliescu, L. De Paolis, Catalina Curceanu, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Aharonov Y.Kabana S.Aharonov Y.Bravina L., Shi, H., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Egger, J. -P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Marton, J., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, E., Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC1-999, experimental tests, Spin-statistics connection, quantum physics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, quantum physic, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Orbit (control theory), 010306 general physics
Abstract

International audience; In the VIP (VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle) and its follow-up VIP-2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, we test the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, by searching for x-rays from copper atomic transitions from a 2p orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. Such transitions are prohibited by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The physics run of the VIP-2 experiment started in late 2016 and will collect data for three years. From the first data taking period of two months we have obtained a new limit better than the VIP result from three years of running. In this article we present the published first physics result from the VIP-2 experiment and discuss about the future perspectives. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

Published
2018

28. Application of photon detectors in the VIP2 experiment to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle

Author

E. Sbardella, Edoardo Milotti, K. Piscicchia, Johann Zmeskal, Carolina Berucci, J.-P. Egger, Alberto Clozza, Catalina Curceanu, E. Widmann, Laura Sperandio, Sergio Bartalucci, S. Di Matteo, L. De Paolis, Diana Sirghi, Mario Bragadireanu, A. Pichler, T. Ishiwatari, A. d'Ufflzi, Sergio Bertolucci, Hexi Shi, Florin Sirghi, Alessandro Scordo, D. Pietreanu, Michael Cargnelli, O. Vazquez-Doce, C. Guaraldo, Matthias Laubenstein, M. Iliescu, T. Ponta, Johann Marton, M. Bazzi, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering (IFIN HH), National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), 581589, John Templeton Foundation, P25529-N20, FWF, Austrian Science Fund, W1252-N27, FWF, Austrian Science Fund, Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pichler, A., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., D'Ufflzi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
History, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Silicon drift detector, Underground laboratory, FOS: Physical sciences, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Active shielding, Scintillator, Silicon photomultiplier, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Education, Pauli exclusion principle, Physics and Astronomy (all), symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Silicon Drift Detector, 010306 general physics, Physics, Plastic scintillator, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Photons, Photodetectors, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pauli principle, Particle beams, Computer Science Applications, Cosmology, Orders of magnitude, Orders of magnitude (time), Quantum theory, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, Silicon detectors, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) was introduced by the austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. Since then, several experiments have checked its validity. From 2006 until 2010, the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli Principle) experiment took data at the LNGS underground laboratory to test the PEP. This experiment looked for electronic 2p to 1s transitions in copper, where 2 electrons are in the 1s state before the transition happens. These transitions violate the PEP. The lack of detection of X-ray photons coming from these transitions resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the violation of the PEP of $4.7 \times 10^{-29}$. Currently, the successor experiment VIP2 is under preparation. The main improvements are, on one side, the use of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) as X-ray photon detectors. On the other side an active shielding is implemented, which consists of plastic scintillator bars read by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The employment of these detectors will improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by around 2 orders of magnitude. The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) was introduced by the austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. Since then, several experiments have checked its validity. From 2006 until 2010, the VIP (Violation of the Pauli Principle) experiment took data at the LNGS underground laboratory to test the PEP. This experiment looked for electronic 2p to Is transitions in copper, where 2 electrons are in the Is state before the transition happens. These transitions violate the PEP. The lack of detection of X-ray photons coming from these transitions resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the violation of the PEP of 4.7 × 10(-29). Currently, the successor experiment VIP2 is under preparation. The main improvements are, on one side, the use of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) as X-ray photon detectors. On the other side an active shielding is implemented, which consists of plastic scintillator bars read by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The employment of these detectors will improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by around 2 orders of magnitude. The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) was introduced by the austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. Since then, several experiments have checked its validity. From 2006 until 2010, the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli Principle) experiment took data at the LNGS underground laboratory to test the PEP. This experiment looked for electronic 2p to 1s transitions in copper, where 2 electrons are in the 1s state before the transition happens. These transitions violate the PEP. The lack of detection of X-ray photons coming from these transitions resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the violation of the PEP of $4.7 \times 10^{-29}$. Currently, the successor experiment VIP2 is under preparation. The main improvements are, on one side, the use of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) as X-ray photon detectors. On the other side an active shielding is implemented, which consists of plastic scintillator bars read by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The employment of these detectors will improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by around 2 orders of magnitude.

Published
2015

29. Searches for the violation of Pauli exclusion principle at LNGS in VIP(-2) experiment

Author

Carolina Berucci, C. Guaraldo, Catalina Curceanu, L. De Paolis, A. Romero Vidal, Sergio Bertolucci, Diana Sirghi, A. d'Ufflzi, J.-P. Egger, Edoardo Milotti, Matthias Laubenstein, E. Sbardella, Florin Sirghi, Johann Zmeskal, Hexi Shi, O. Vazquez Doce, Alessandro Scordo, Sergio Bartalucci, E. Widmann, T. Ponta, A. M. Bragadireanu, K. Piscicchia, Michael Cargnelli, D. Pietreanu, J. Marton, Alberto Clozza, Laura Sperandio, T. Ishiwatari, S. Di Matteo, M. Iliescu, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste, Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi' (Centro Fermi), Centro Studi e Ricerche e Museo Storico Della Fisica, Shi, H., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., D'Ufflzi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Marton, J., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Vidal, A. Romero, Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. Vazquez, Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
History, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Ground state, FOS: Physical sciences, High-precision, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Education, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols.namesake, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic state, Orders of magnitude (data), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, X ray spectroscopy, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Follow up, Computer Science Applications, Orders of magnitude, Quantum theory, symbols, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

The VIP (Violation of Pauli exclusion principle) experiment and its follow-up experiment VIP-2 at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) search for X-rays from Cu atomic states that are prohibited by the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP). The candidate events, if they exist, will originate from the transition of a $2p$ orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. The present limit on the probability for PEP violation for electron is 4.7 $\times10^{-29}$ set by the VIP experiment. With upgraded detectors for high precision X-ray spectroscopy, the VIP-2 experiment will improve the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude., 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Conference proceedings for oral presentation at TAUP 2015, Torino

Published
2015

30. VIP 2: experimental tests of the pauli exclusion principle for electrons

Author

Florin Sirghi, M. Iliescu, Diana Sirghi, C. Guaraldo, Johann Marton, J.-P. Egger, Hexi Shi, Mario Bragadireanu, S. Di Matteo, Matthias Laubenstein, Catalina Curceanu, K. Piscicchia, L. De Paolis, Michael Cargnelli, T. Ishiwatari, A. d'Uffizi, Alberto Clozza, O. Vazquez-Doce, E. Widmann, Carolina Berucci, Sergio Bertolucci, E. Sbardella, Johann Zmeskal, Sergio Bartalucci, D. Pietreanu, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, T. Ponta, A. Pichler, Alessandro Scordo, Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), CERN [Genève], Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering (IFIN HH), National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi', Roma, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Università degli studi di Trieste, Pichler, A, Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., Paolis, L. De, Matteo, S. Di, D’Uffizi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Pichler, A., Egger, J.-P., Milotti, E., and Vazquez-Doce, O.

Subjects
Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, X-ray measurements, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Condensed Matter Physic, Hadrons, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, 03.65.-w, symbols.namesake, Optical and Plasma Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Heavy Ions, Limit (mathematics), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Nuclear Physics, Physics, Thin Films, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, X-ray measurement, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Surfaces and Interfaces, 32.30.Rj, Quantum mechanic, 07.85.Fv, symbols, and Optics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Order of magnitude
Abstract

Many experiments investigated the violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) since its discovery in 1925. The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli Principle) experiment tested the PEP by measuring the probability for an external electron to be captured and undergo a 2p to 1s transition during its cascading process, where the 1s state is already occupied by two electrons. This transition is forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The VIP experiment resulted in a preliminary upper limit for the probability of the violation of the PEP of 4.7 x 10^{-29}. Currently a setup for the follow-up experiment VIP 2 is under preparation. The goal of this experiment is to improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by two orders of magnitude, by different improvements like enhanced energy resolution of the X-ray detectors and by implementing an active shielding. Here we report currently ongoing performance tests of the new parts of the setup., EXA 2014 proceedings in Hyperfine Interactions (2015), Springer International Publishing

Published
2015

31. High sensitivity tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle with VIP2

Author

A. Pichler, M. Iliescu, T. Ponta, M. Bragadireanu, Alberto Clozza, Johann Zmeskal, Michael Cargnelli, Matthias Laubenstein, S. Di Matteo, Florin Sirghi, J. P. Egger, T. Ishiwatari, Kristian Piscicchia, O. Vazquez Doce, D. L. Sirghi, Catalina Curceanu, C. Guaraldo, Sergio Bartalucci, Hexi Shi, Eberhard Widmann, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Alessandro Scordo, Sergio Bertolucci, C. Berucci, Dorel Pietreanu, Johann Marton, Marton, J., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Curceanu, C., Clozza, A., Matteo, S. Di, Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, Edoardo, Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. Vazquez, Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
experimental tests of fundamental principles, History, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum mechanics, symmetrisation principle, Education, Orders of magnitude (entropy), symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Pauli exclusion principle, Atom, Limit (mathematics), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, General Theoretical Physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Pillar, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Quantum mechanic, Computer Science Applications, symbols, Underground laboratory, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Experimental methods, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is one of the most fundamental rules of nature and represents a pillar of modern physics. According to many observations the Pauli Exclusion Principle must be extremely well fulfilled. Nevertheless, numerous experimental investigations were performed to search for a small violation of this principle. The VIP experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory searched for Pauli-forbidden X-ray transitions in copper atoms using the Ramberg-Snow method and obtained the best limit so far. The follow-up experiment VIP2 is designed to reach even higher sensitivity. It aims to improve the limit by VIP by orders of magnitude. The experimental method, comparison of different PEP tests based on different assumptions and the developments for VIP2 are presented., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings DISCRETE2014 Conference

Published
2015
Full Text
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32. Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons at LNGS

Author

A. Romero Vidal, L. De Paolis, S. Di Matteo, Matthias Laubenstein, Carolina Berucci, M. Iliescu, Edoardo Milotti, Florin Sirghi, Hexi Shi, E. Sbardella, Laura Sperandio, Alessandro Scordo, Johann Zmeskal, T. Ishiwatari, Alberto Clozza, Michael Cargnelli, C. Guaraldo, Sergio Bertolucci, J.-P. Egger, O. Vazquez Doce, K. Piscicchia, D. L. Sirghi, Sergio Bartalucci, Dorel Pietreanu, A. M. Bragadireanu, Catalina Curceanu, T. Ponta, Eberhard Widmann, A. d'Uffizi, Johann Marton, Shi, H., Bartalucci, S., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., D’Uffizi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Marton, J., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Vidal, A. Romero, Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. Vazquez, Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik (SMI), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), CERN [Genève], National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering (IFIN HH), National Institut for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research | Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique, Université de Neuchâtel, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Università degli studi di Trieste, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro di Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi', and Roma

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP), FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, INFN-LNGS, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, General Theoretical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, Series (mathematics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), State (functional analysis), Quantum mechanic, symbols, Electric current, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Order of magnitude
Abstract

High-precision experiments have been done to test the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) for electrons by searching for anomalous $K$-series X-rays from a Cu target supplied with electric current. With the highest sensitivity, the VIP (VIolation of Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment set an upper limit at the level of $10^{-29}$ for the probability that an external electron captured by a Cu atom can make the transition from the 2$p$ state to a 1$s$ state already occupied by two electrons. In a follow-up experiment at Gran Sasso, we aim to increase the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. We show proofs that the proposed improvement factor is realistic based on the results from recent performance tests of the detectors we did at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF)., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, conference proceedings on TAUP 2013

Published
2015

33. X rays on quantum mechanics: Pauli Exclusion Principle and collapse models at test

Author

Michael Cargnelli, C. Guaraldo, Carolina Berucci, Sandro Donadi, A. Pichler, Sergio Bertolucci, M. Iliescu, K. Piscicchia, Catalina Curceanu, A. d'Uffizi, D. Pietreanu, Matthias Laubenstein, J.-P. Egger, Alberto Clozza, Johann Marton, Angelo Bassi, L. De Paolis, T. Ponta, Alessandro Scordo, A. M. Bragadireanu, O. Vazquez Doce, Florin Sirghi, S. Di Matteo, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Diana Sirghi, E. Sbardella, Johann Zmeskal, Hexi Shi, Sergio Bartalucci, Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Matteo, S. Di, Donadi, Sandro, D'Uffizi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. Vazquez, and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, History, Spectrum (functional analysis), Collapse (topology), Measurement problem, Dynamical reduction models, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Education, Set (abstract data type), symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Pauli exclusion principle, Development (topology), Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Foundations of quantum mechanic, Foundations of quantum mechanics, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Reduction (mathematics)
Abstract

In the last decades huge theoretical effort was devoted to the development of consistent theoretical models, aiming to solve the so-called "measurement problem". Among these, the Dynamical Reduction Models possess the unique characteristic to be experimentally testable, thus enabling to set experimental upper bounds on the reduction rate parameter λ characterizing these models. By analysing the X-ray spectrum emitted by an isolated slab of Germanium, we set the most stringent limit on the λ parameter up to date.

Published
2015

34. Beyond Quantum Mechanics? Hunting the 'Impossible' Atoms --- Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation and Spontaneous Collapse of the Wave Function at Test

Author

Edoardo Milotti, O. Vazquez Doce, Laura Sperandio, T. Ishiwatari, Kristian Piscicchia, Sandro Donadi, Alberto Clozza, Matthias Laubenstein, Alessandro Scordo, A. d'Uffizi, J. Marton, Angelo Bassi, A. M. Bragadireanu, C. Berucci, E. Sbardella, D. Pietreanu, L. De Paolis, Johann Zmeskal, D. L. Sirghi, M. Cargnelli, C. Guaraldo, J. P. Egger, Catalina Curceanu, T. Ponta, S. Di Matteo, Sergio Bertolucci, Hexi Shi, M. Iliescu, Sergio Bartalucci, Florin Sirghi, Piscicchia, K., Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, A., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, S., D'Uffizi, A., Egger, J. -P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. V., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, experimental tests, Electron, Expectation value, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Spin-statistics connection, quantum physics, quantum physic, Schrödinger equation, ddc, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Wave function collapse, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), General Theoretical Physics
Abstract

1 ar X iv :1 50 1. 04 46 2v 1 [ qu an tph ] 1 9 Ja n 20 15 The development of mathematically complete and consistent models solving the so-called ”measurement problem”, strongly renewed the interest of the scientific community for the foundations of quantum mechanics, among these the Dynamical Reduction Models posses the unique characteristic to be experimentally testable. In the first part of the paper an upper limit on the reduction rate parameter of such models will be obtained, based on the analysis of the X-ray spectrum emitted by an isolated slab of germanium and measured by the IGEX experiment. The second part of the paper is devoted to present the results of the VIP (Violation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment and to describe its recent upgrade. The VIP experiment established a limit on the probability that the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) is violated by electrons, using the very clean method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. 1 Upper limit on the wave function collapse mean rate parameter λ The first consistent and satisfying Dynamical Reduction Model, known as Quantum Mechanics with Spontaneous Localization (QMSL) [1], considers particles undergoing spontaneous localizations around definite positions, following a Possion distribution characterized by a mean frequency λ = 10−16 s−1. This brought to the development of the CSL theory [2] based on the introduction of new, non linear and stochastic terms, in the Shrodinger equation besides to the standard Hamiltonian. Such terms induce, for the state vector, a diffusion process, which is responsible for the wave packet reduction. As demonstrated by Q. Fu [3] the particle interaction with the stochastic field also causes an enhancement of the energy expectation value. This implies, for a charged particle, the emission of electromagnetic radiation (known as spontaneous radiation) not present in the standard quantum mechanics. The radiation spectrum spontaneously emitted by a free electron was calculated by Fu [3] in the framework of the non-relativistic CSL model, and it is given by: dΓ(E) dE = eλ 4π2a2m2E , where m represents the electron mass, E is the energy of the emitted photon, λ and a are respectively the reduction rate parameter and the correlation length of the reduction model which is assumed to be a = 10−7 m. If the stochastic field is assumed to be coupled to the particle mass density (mass proportional CSL model) (see for example [4]) then the previous expression for the emission rate is to be multiplied by the factor (me/mN ) , with mN the nucleon mass. Using the measured radiation appearing in an isolated slab of Germanium [5] corresponding to an energy of 11 KeV, Fu obtained the limit λ ≤ 0.55 · 10−16s−1. In Ref. [6] the author argues that, in evaluating his numerical result, Fu uses for the electron charge the value e = 17137.04, whereas the standard adopted Feynman rules require the identification e/(4π) = 17137.04. We took into account this correction when evaluating the new limit. In order to reduce possible biases introduced on the λ value by the punctual evaluation of the rate at one single energy bin, the X-ray emission spectrum measured by the IGEX experiment [7, 8] was fitted in the range ∆E = 4.5÷ 48.5 KeV m, compatible with the non-relativistic assumption (for electrons) used in the calculation of the predicted rate. A Bayesian model was

Published
2015

35. Underground tests of quantum mechanics. Whispers in the cosmic silence?

Author

Angelo Bassi, Johann Zmeskal, D. Pietreanu, Catalina Curceanu, L. De Paolis, Hexi Shi, A. Pichler, Alessandro Scordo, Kristian Piscicchia, Sandro Donadi, J. Marton, S. Di Matteo, Matthias Laubenstein, C. Guaraldo, D. L. Sirghi, Edoardo Milotti, Massimiliano Bazzi, M. Iliescu, Alberto Clozza, J. P. Egger, Sergio Bartalucci, M. Cargnelli, Laura Sperandio, A. M. Bragadireanu, Sergio Bertolucci, O. Vazquez Doce, C. Berucci, Florin Sirghi, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, Sandro, Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pichler, A., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Zmeskal, J., Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), and Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
History, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (all), Pauli principle, spin-statistics connection, spontaneous localization models, quantum measurement, FOS: Physical sciences, Measurement problem, Electron, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Education, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, Quantum Physics, spontaneous localization model, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Computer Science Applications, Silence, Underground laboratory, symbols, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Order of magnitude
Abstract

By performing X-rays measurements in the "cosmic silence" of the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, we test a basic principle of quantum mechanics: the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP), for electrons. We present the achieved results of the VIP experiment and the ongoing VIP2 measurement aiming to gain two orders of magnitude improvement in testing PEP. We also use a similar experimental technique to search for radiation (X and gamma) predicted by continuous spontaneous localization models, which aim to solve the "measurement problem"., 7 pages, 3 figures, proceedings to the workshop "Eighth International Workshop DICE2016", Castello Pasquini/Castiglioncello (Tuscany), September 12-16, 2016 Spacetime - Matter - Quantum Mechanics

Published
2017

36. Hunting the 'impossible atoms' Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse of the wave function at test

Author

Hexi Shi, A. d'Uffizi, Johann Zmeskal, J.-P. Egger, Kristian Piscicchia, M. Iliescu, T. Ponta, Johann Marton, Angelo Bassi, T. Ishiwatari, C. Guaraldo, A. M. Bragadireanu, Oton Vazquez Doce, Alessandro Scordo, Diana Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Sergio Bartalucci, Sandro Donadi, Matthias Laubenstein, Dorel Pietreanu, Carolina Berucci, Emanuele Sbardella, Alberto Clozza, Michael Cargnelli, Catalina Curceanu, Edoardo Milotti, Sergio Bertolucci, Laura Sperandio, Sergio Di Matteo, Curceanu, Catalina, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, Sergio, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Alexandru Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Di Matteo, Sergio, Donadi, Sandro, D'Uffizi, Alessandro, Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Ishiwatari, Tomoichi, Laubenstein, Matthia, Marton, Johann, Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, Dorel, Piscicchia, Kristian, Ponta, Titu, Sbardella, Emanuele, Scordo, Alessandro, Shi, Hexi, Sirghi, Diana, Sirghi, Florin, Sperandio, Laura, Doce, Oton Vazquez, and Zmeskal, Johann

Subjects
Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Basis (linear algebra), media_common.quotation_subject, collapse models, Electron, Universe, Spin-statistics, collapse models, X-rays, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, Atom, X-rays, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Limit (mathematics), Experimental methods, Spin-statistics, Wave function collapse, media_common
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, are at the very basis of our understanding of matter, life and Universe. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Mechanics. It is, therefore, extremely important to test the limits of its validity. The Violation of the PEP (VIP) experiment established the best limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, and plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental apparatus. We discuss the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function predicted by continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) theories.

Published
2014

37. Search for a violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle with electrons

Author

Matthias Laubenstein, T. Ponta, Michael Cargnelli, A. d'Uffizi, C. Guaraldo, Florin Sirghi, Johann Marton, O. Vazquez-Doce, M. Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, E. Widmann, E. Sbardella, Carolina Berucci, J.-P. Egger, L. De Paolis, J. Zmeskal, M. Iliescu, D. Pietreanu, Alberto Clozza, K. Piscicchia, Catalina Curceanu, Alessandro Scordo, S. Bertolucci, A. Pichler, Diana Sirghi, Edoardo Milotti, Laura Sperandio, Hexi Shi, Sergio Bartalucci, S. Di Matteo, and T. Ishiwatari

Subjects
Physics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Electromagnetic shielding, Cluster (physics), X-ray detector, symbols, Electron, Atomic physics
Published
2016

38. Search for the violation of Pauli Exclusion Principle at LNGS.

Author

Aharonov, Y., Bravina, L., Kabana, S., Shi, H., Bartalucci, S., Bazzi, M., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, A.M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Curceanu, C., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Egger, J.-P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Marton, J., Laubenstein, M., Milotti, E., and Pichler, A.

Subjects
CP violation, PAULI exclusion principle, GROUND state (Quantum mechanics), ATOMIC transitions, COPPER
Abstract

In the VIP (VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle) and its follow-up VIP- 2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, we test the validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, by searching for x-rays from copper atomic transitions from a 2p orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. Such transitions are prohibited by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The physics run of the VIP-2 experiment started in late 2016 and will collect data for three years. From the first data taking period of two months we have obtained a new limit better than the VIP result from three years of running. In this article we present the published first physics result from the VIP-2 experiment and discuss about the future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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39. Experimental tests of quantum mechanics: Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse models

Author

J.-P. Egger, Angelo Bassi, Alessandro Scordo, C. Guaraldo, O. Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal, Diana Sirghi, A. Romero Vidal, Sandro Donadi, T. Ishiwatari, Florin Sirghi, Sergio Bartalucci, Edoardo Milotti, S. Di Matteo, E. Widmann, D. Pietreanu, Laura Sperandio, Sergio Bertolucci, Michael Cargnelli, A. Rizzo, Matthias Laubenstein, Catalina Curceanu, M. Iliescu, Alberto Clozza, T. Ponta, Johann Marton, Mario Bragadireanu, AA. VV., Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, S., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Ponta, T., Rizzo, A., Romero Vidal, A., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, Basis (linear algebra), Silicon drift detector, quantum mechanics, Collapse (topology), quantum mechanic, X-ray detectors, symmetrization principle, Electron, Modern physics, fundamental symmetries, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Limit (mathematics), Quantum field theory, fundamental symmetrie
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) is one of the basic principles of the modern physics. Being at the very basis of our understanding of matter, it spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible violation of PEP, where the violation parameter q translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the violation parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or -1 (for fermions). The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter from quon theory and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss them and present future plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopical fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We also mention the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for eventual X-rays, generated in the spontaneous collapse models.

Published
2012

40. A glimpse into the Pandora box of the quantum mechanics: The Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse models put at test

Author

A. Romero Vidal, Angelo Bassi, M. Poli Lener, Edoardo Milotti, E. Widmann, S. Bertolucci, Florin Sirghi, Laura Sperandio, A. Rizzo, J.-P. Egger, Johann Zmeskal, Diana Sirghi, Alberto Clozza, K. Piscicchia, C. Guaraldo, Alessandro Scordo, Mario Bragadireanu, Sergio Bartalucci, Sandro Donadi, Johann Marton, T. Ishiwatari, S. Di Matteo, O. Vazquez Doce, Matthias Laubenstein, M. Iliescu, Catalina Curceanu, Michael Cargnelli, D. Pietreanu, T. Ponta, Andrei Khrennikov, Harald Atmanspacher, Alan Migdall, Sergey Polyakov, Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, S., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Poli Lener, M., Ponta, T., Rizzo, A., Romero Vidal, A., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, Fermion, Electron, Quantum Mechanic, Pauli principle, Experimental tests, Symmetrization principle, Quantum Mechanics, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field theory (psychology), Limit (mathematics), Quantum field theory, Wave function collapse, Boson
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, is at the very basis of our understanding of matter and Nature. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible small violation of PEP, where the q violation parameter translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the q-parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or −1 (for fermions). The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the very clean method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss the results and present plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopic fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We discuss as well the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays generated as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by continuous spontaneous localization type theories.

Published
2012

41. Experimental Tests of Quantum Mechanics: Pauli Exclusion Principle and Spontaneous Collapse Models

Author

Catalina Curceanu Petrascu, Sergio Bartalucci, Mario Bragadireanu, Alberto Clozza, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihai Iliescu, Alessandro Rizzo, Antonio Romero Vidal, Alessandro Scordo, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Laura Sperandio, Oton Vazquez Doce, Angelo Bassi, Sandro Donadi, Edoardo Milotti, Matthias Laubenstein, Sergio Bertolucci, Catalina Curceanu, Dorel Pietreanu, Titus Ponta, Michael Cargnelli, Tomoichi Ishiwatari, Johann Marton, Eberhard Widmann, Johann Zmeskal, Sergio di Matteo, and Jean Pierre Egger

Subjects
Physics, symbols.namesake, Classical mechanics, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, symbols, Collapse (topology)
Published
2014

42. Experimental search for the 'impossible atoms' Pauli Exclusion Principle violation and spontaneous collapse of the wave function at test

Author

M. Iliescu, Carolina Berucci, S. Di Matteo, K. Piscicchia, Michael Cargnelli, Matthias Laubenstein, Diana Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, L. De Paolis, A. d'Uffizi, Sergio Bartalucci, Catalina Curceanu, Johann Marton, O. Vazquez Doce, C. Guaraldo, E. Sbardella, Angelo Bassi, T. Ponta, Edoardo Milotti, Hexi Shi, Johann Zmeskal, A. M. Bragadireanu, Sandro Donadi, T. Ishiwatari, D. Pietreanu, Alberto Clozza, Laura Sperandio, Sergio Bertolucci, J.-P. Egger, Alessandro Scordo, Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, S., Berucci, C., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., De Paolis, L., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, Sandro, D'Uffizi, A., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Ponta, T., Sbardella, E., Scordo, A., Shi, H., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Doce, O. Vazquez, and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, History, Symmetrisation principle, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron, State (functional analysis), Quantum Mechanic, Quantum Mechanics, Experimental tests of fundamental symmetries, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Wave function collapse, Order of magnitude
Abstract

Many experiments investigated the possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) since its discovery in 1925. The VIP(Violation of the Pauli Principle) experiment tested the PEP by measuring the probability for an external electron to be captured and undergo a 2p to 1s transition during its cascading process, with the 1s state already occupied by two electrons. This transition is forbidden by the PEP. The VIP experiment resulted in an upper limit for the probability of PEP violation of 4.7 × 10−29. Currently a setup for the follow up experiment VIP2 is under preparation. The goal of this experiment is to improve the upper limit for the violation of the PEP by two orders of magnitude, by using new X-ray detectors and by implementing an active shielding. We then present the idea of using an analogous experimental technique to search for X rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by the continuous spontaneous localization theories, and discuss some very encouraging preliminary results.

Published
2015

43. Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in the VIP-2 Underground Experiment.

Author

Curceanu, Catalina, Hexi Shi, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Di Matteo, Sergio, Egger, Jean-Pierre, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Marton, Johann, Laubenstein, Matthias, Milotti, Edoardo, Miliucci, Marco, Pichler, Andreas, and Pietreanu, Dorel

Subjects
PARTICLE physics, QUANTUM mechanics, ELECTRON configuration, PAULI exclusion principle, GROUND state (Quantum mechanics), ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
Abstract

The validity of the Pauli exclusion principle-a building block of Quantum Mechanics-is tested for electrons. The VIP (violation of Pauli exclusion principle) and its follow-up VIP-2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso search for X-rays from copper atomic transitions that are prohibited by the Pauli exclusion principle. The candidate events-if they exist-originate from the transition of a 2p orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. The present limit on the probability for Pauli exclusion principle violation for electrons set by the VIP experiment is 4.7 ×10-29. We report a first result from the VIP-2 experiment improving on the VIP limit, which solidifies the final goal of achieving a two orders of magnitude gain in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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44. Experimental tests of Quantum Mechanics: from Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation to spontaneous collapse models

Author

J.-P. Egger, Michael Cargnelli, M. Iliescu, Angelo Bassi, Mario Bragadireanu, Matthias Laubenstein, Sergio Bartalucci, Edoardo Milotti, Eberhard Widmann, S. Di Matteo, A. Romero Vidal, Johann Zmeskal, Alberto Clozza, T. Ishiwatari, Laura Sperandio, D. Pietreanu, Diana Sirghi, M. Poli Lener, Florin Sirghi, C. Guaraldo, Sergio Bertolucci, A. Rizzo, Alessandro Scordo, Sandro Donadi, Catalina Curceanu, Johann Marton, O. Vazquez Doce, T. Ponta, Curceanu, C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, M., Di Matteo, S., Donadi, S., Egger, J. P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, D., Poli Lener, M., Ponta, T., Rizzo, A., Romero Vidal, A., Scordo, A., Sirghi, D. L., Sirghi, F., Sperandio, L., Vazquez Doce, O., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics, History, Electron, Fermion, Pauli principle, Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanic, Experimental tests, Computer Science Applications, Education, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Symmetrization principle, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field theory (psychology), Limit (mathematics), Quantum field theory, Wave function collapse, Boson
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, is at the very basis of our understanding of matter. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible violation of PEP, where the q violation parameter translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the q-parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or -1 (for fermions). The VIP (Violation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss the results and present future plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopic fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We mention as well the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for eventual X-rays generated as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by continuous spontaneous localization type theories.

Published
2012

45. The X-ray machine for the examination of quantum mechanics.

Author

Curceanu, Catalina, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bassi, Angelo, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bertolucci, Sergio, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Alexandru Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, De Paolis, Luca, Di Matteo, Sergio, Donadi, Sandro, D'uffizi, Alessandro, Egger, Jean-Pierre, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthias, Marton, Johann, Milotti, Edoardo, and Pichler, Andreas

Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics, PAULI exclusion principle, WAVE functions, LOCALIZATION (Mathematics), X-rays
Abstract

By performing X-rays measurements in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, we test a basic principle of quantum mechanics: the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP). In the future, we aim to use a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function predicted by continuous spontaneous localization theories. We present the achieved results of the VIP experiment and the future plans to gain two orders of magnitude in testing PEP with the recently VIP2 setup installed at Gran Sasso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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46. BEYOND QUANTUM MECHANICS? HUNTING THE 'IMPOSSIBLE' ATOMS -- PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE VIOLATION AND SPONTANEOUS COLLAPSE OF THE WAVE FUNCTION AT TEST.

Author

PISCICCHIA, K., CURCEANU, C., BARTALUCCI, S., BASSIC, A., BERTOLUCCI, S., BERUCCI, C., BRAGADIREANU, A. M., CARGNELLI, M., CLOZZA, A., DE PAOLIS, L., DI MATTEO, S., DONADI, S., D'UFFIZI, A., EGGER, J.-P., GUARALDO, C., ILIESCU, M., ISHIWATARI, T., LAUBENSTEINI, M., MARTONE, J., and MILOTTI, E.

Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics, PAULI exclusion principle, WAVE functions, STANDARD model (Nuclear physics), PHYSICS experiments
Abstract

The development of mathematically complete and consistent models solving the so-called "measurement problem", strongly renewed the interest of the scientific community for the foundations of quantum mechanics, among these the Dynamical Reduction Models posses the unique characteristic to be experimentally testable. In the first part of the paper, an upper limit on the reduction rate parameter of such models will be obtained, based on the analysis of the X-ray spectrum emitted by an isolated slab of germanium and measured by the IGEX experiment. The second part of the paper is devoted to present the results of the VIP (Violation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment and to describe its recent upgrade. The VIP experiment established a limit on the probability that the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) is violated by electrons, using the very clean method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Hunting the "impossible atoms" Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse of the wave function at test.

Author

Curceanu, Catalina, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bassi, Angelo, Bertolucci, Sergio, Berucci, Carolina, Bragadireanu, Alexandru Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Di Matteo, Sergio, Donadi, S., D'uffizi, Alessandro, Egger, J.-P., Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Ishiwatari, Tomoichi, Laubenstein, Matthias, Marton, Johann, Milotti, Edoardo, Pietreanu, Dorel, and Piscicchia, Kristian

Subjects
PAULI exclusion principle, WAVE functions, QUANTUM mechanics, PROBABILITY theory, ELECTRONS, X-rays
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, are at the very basis of our understanding of matter, life and Universe. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Mechanics. It is, therefore, extremely important to test the limits of its validity. The Violation of the PEP (VIP) experiment established the best limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, and plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental apparatus. We discuss the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function predicted by continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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48. A glimpse into the Pandora box of the quantum mechanics: The Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse models put at test.

Author

Curceanu (Petrascu), C., Bartalucci, S., Bassi, A., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Matteo, S. Di, Donadi, S., Egger, J.-P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Piscicchia, K., Lener, M. Poli, and Ponta, T.

Subjects
QUANTUM theory, PAULI exclusion principle, NUCLEAR spin, QUANTUM field theory, PHYSICS experiments, FERMIONS, SILICON diodes
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, is at the very basis of our understanding of matter and Nature. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible small violation of PEP, where the q violation parameter translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the q-parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or -1 (for fermions). The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the very clean method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss the results and present plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopical fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We discuss as well the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for X-rays generated as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by continous spontaneous localization type theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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49. Experimental tests of quantum mechanics: Pauli exclusion principle violation and spontaneous collapse models.

Author

Curceanu, Catalina, Bartalucci, S., Bassi, A., Bertolucci, S., Bragadireanu, M., Cargnelli, M., Clozza, A., Matteo, S. Di, Donadi, S., Egger, J. -P., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Laubenstein, M., Marton, J., Milotti, E., Pietreanu, D., Ponta, T., Rizzo, A., and Vidal, A. Romero

Subjects
QUANTUM mechanics, PAULI exclusion principle, PHYSICS experiments, PARAMETER estimation, PROBABILITY in quantum mechanics, ATOMIC transitions
Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) is one of the basic principles of the modern physics. Being at the very basis of our understanding of matter, it spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible violation of PEP, where the violation parameter q translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the violation parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or -1 (for fermions). The VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter from quon theory and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss them and present future plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopical fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We also mention the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for eventual X-rays, generated in the spontaneous collapse models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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50. Semi-Analytical Monte Carlo Method to Simulate the Signal of the VIP-2 Experiment.

Author

Milotti, Edoardo, Bartalucci, Sergio, Bertolucci, Sergio, Bazzi, Massimiliano, Bragadireanu, Mario, Cargnelli, Michael, Clozza, Alberto, Curceanu, Catalina, De Paolis, Luca, Del Grande, Raffaele, Guaraldo, Carlo, Iliescu, Mihail, Laubenstein, Matthias, Marton, Johann, Miliucci, Marco, Napolitano, Fabrizio, Piscicchia, Kristian, Scordo, Alessandro, Shi, Hexi, and Sirghi, Diana Laura

Subjects
MONTE Carlo method, NUCLEAR physics, ELECTRON sources
Abstract

The VIP-2 collaboration runs an apparatus in the Gran Sasso underground laboratories of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) designed to search for anomalous X-rays from electron-atom interactions due to violations of the fundamental antisymmetry of multi-electron wavefunctions. The experiment implements the scheme first proposed by Ramberg and Snow, where a current source injects electrons into a metal strip (the experiment's target). In this paper we describe the structure of a Monte Carlo program to simulate a new upgrade of the experiment, where the anomalous X-ray emission is modulated by an arbitrary time-varying input current. A novel feature of the simulation algorithm is that the Monte Carlo program is based on a mixture of analytical and numerical methods. We report preliminary, exploratory results on the expected detection rate for different modulations of the injected current; these results are a starting point on the way to optimize the modulation scheme and indicate a large potential improvement of the detection sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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