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Purpose/objective: Lack of patient participation and engagement remains a barrier to implementing effective online self-management and behavioral health interventions. Identifying patient characteristics associated with engagement rates may lead to interventions that improve engagement in traditional and online self-management programs. In this study, two online self-management and recovery programs were evaluated to identify factors that predict patient engagement., Research Method/design: Predictors were collected in a questionnaire at baseline before 435 participants started either of the two interventions. One or two online lessons were completed per week with seven or eight total lessons to complete in each program, and each lesson took about 20-30 min to finish. Full patient engagement was defined as completing all lessons and assessments in the program and partial engagement as attempting at least one lesson or assessment., Results: Predictors of full patient engagement were self-rated confidence in completing the program or being over 60 years of age. Predictors of at least partial patient engagement were experienced ordering online or being over 50 years of age., Conclusions/implications: Identifying profiles of individuals who predict poor engagement may improve implementation and the health outcomes of intervention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Previous research suggests that the care provided to trauma patients could be improved by including early screening and management of emotional distress and psychological comorbidity. The Trauma Collaborative Care (TCC) program, which is based on the principles of well-established models of collaborative care, was designed to address this gap in trauma center care. This article describes the TCC program and the design of a multicenter study to evaluate its effectiveness for improving patient outcomes after major, high-energy orthopaedic trauma at level 1 trauma centers. The TCC program was evaluated by comparing outcomes of patients treated at 6 intervention sites (n = 481) with 6 trauma centers where care was delivered as usual (control sites, n = 419). Compared with standard treatment alone, it is hypothesized that access to the TCC program plus standard treatment will result in lower rates of poor patient-reported function, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: To determine the effect of health behavior change counseling (HBCC) on patient activation and the influence of patient activation on rehabilitation engagement, and to identify common barriers to engagement among individuals undergoing surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis., Design: Prospective clinical trial., Setting: Academic medical center., Participants: Consecutive lumbar spine surgery patients (N=122) defined in our companion article (Part I) were assigned to a control group (did not receive HBCC, n=59) or HBCC group (received HBCC, n=63)., Intervention: Brief motivational interviewing-based HBCC versus control (significance, P<.05)., Main Outcome Measures: We assessed patient activation before and after intervention. Rehabilitation engagement was assessed using the physical therapist-reported Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale and by a ratio of self-reported physical therapy and home exercise completion. Common barriers to rehabilitation engagement were identified through thematic analysis., Results: Patient activation predicted engagement (standardized regression weight, .682; P<.001). Postintervention patient activation was predicted by baseline patient activation (standardized regression weight, .808; P<.001) and receipt of HBCC (standardized regression weight, .444; P<.001). The effect of HBCC on rehabilitation engagement was mediated by patient activation (standardized regression weight, .079; P=.395). One-third of the HBCC group did not show improvement compared with the control group. Thematic analysis identified 3 common barriers to engagement: (1) low self-efficacy because of lack of knowledge and support (62%); (2) anxiety related to fear of movement (57%); and (3) concern about pain management (48%)., Conclusions: The influence of HBCC on rehabilitation engagement was mediated by patient activation. Despite improvements in patient activation, one-third of patients reported low rehabilitation engagement. Addressing these barriers should lead to greater improvements in rehabilitation engagement., (Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To examine whether a brief motivational interviewing [MI]-based health behavior change counseling (HBCC) intervention increased patient participation in physical therapy and/or home exercise programs (HEPs), reduced disability, and improved health status after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis., Design: Prospective clinical trial., Setting: Academic medical center., Participants: From December 2009 through August 2012, consecutive patients (N=122) underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and, based on enrollment date, were prospectively assigned to a control (n=59) or HBCC intervention (n=63) group in a prospective, lagged-control clinical trial., Interventions: Brief MI-based HBCC versus attention control., Main Outcome Measures: Rehabilitation participation (primary); disability and health status (secondary). Therapists assessed engagement in, and patients reported attendance at, postoperative rehabilitation (physical therapy and/or HEP). At 3 and 6 months, disability and health status were assessed (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] and Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, version 2 [SF-12v2]) (significance, P<.05)., Results: Compared with controls, HBCC patients had significantly higher rehabilitation engagement (21.20±4.56 vs 23.57±2.71, respectively; P<.001), higher physical therapy (.67±.21 vs .82±.16, respectively; P<.001) and HEP (.65±.23 vs .75±.22, respectively; P=.019) attendance, and better functional outcomes at 3 months (difference: ODI, -10.7±4.4, P=.015; SF-12v2, 6.2±2.2, P=.004) and 6 months (difference: ODI, -12.7±4.8, P=.008; SF-12v2, 8.9±2.4, P<.001). The proportion of the HBCC intervention impact on functional recovery mediated by rehabilitation participation was approximately half at 3 months and one-third at 6 months., Conclusions: HBCC can improve outcomes after spine surgery through improved rehabilitation participation., (Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. All rights reserved.)

In 2001, the Institute of Medicine issued a challenge to the American health care system to improve the quality of care by focusing on six major areas: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. The patient-centered model of care directly addresses important limits of surgical care of the lumbar spine, i.e., the lack of effective methods for increasing patient participation and engagement in post-operative follow-up. Recent evidence indicates that post-surgical outcomes are better among those with higher patient activation. We therefore developed an intervention based on the principles of motivational interviewing to increase patient activation: the Functional Recovery in Lumbar Spine Surgery Health Behavior Change Counseling (HBCC) intervention. The HBCC was designed to maximize post-operative engagement and participation in physical therapy and home exercise, to improve functional recovery, and to decrease pain in individuals undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery. From December 2009 through October 2012, 120 participants were recruited and divided into two groups: those receiving (intervention group, 60) and not receiving (control group, 60) the HBCC intervention. The current manuscript provides a detailed description of the theoretical framework and study design of the HBCC and describes the implementation of this health behavior intervention in a university-based spine service. The HBCC provides a model for conducting health behavioral research in a real-world setting., (© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) quantifies the extent to which people are informed about and involved in their health care. Objectives were to determine the psychometric properties of PAM among multimorbid older adults and evaluate a theoretical, four-stage model of patient activation. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties of PAM. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach α. Construct validity was evaluated using general linear modeling to compute associations between PAM scores and health-related behaviors, functional status, and health care quality. Latent class analysis was used to evaluate the theoretical four-stage structure of patient activation., Study Setting: Participants in a randomized trial of Guided Care (N = 855), a model of comprehensive health care for older adults with chronic conditions that put them at risk of using health services heavily during the coming year., Principal Findings: Higher PAM activation scores and stage were positively associated with higher functional status, health care quality, and adherence to some health behaviors. Latent class analysis supported the multistage theory of patient activation., Conclusions: The PAM is a reliable, valid, and potentially clinically useful measure of patient activation for multimorbid older adults., (© Health Research and Educational Trust.)

Objective: To conduct an initial investigation of the psychometric properties of the Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale (HRERS), a 5-item, clinician-rated measure developed to quantify engagement in acute rehabilitation services., Design: We used a cross-sectional design to conduct correlational and multivariate analyses to establish the measure's internal consistency, interrater reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity., Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation in 3 metropolitan hospitals., Participants: A total of 206 subjects with spinal cord injury, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, amputation, or hip or knee replacement., Interventions: Not applicable., Main Outcome Measures: The HRERS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Brief Symptom Inventory, Levine's Denial of Illness Scale, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, and FIM instrument., Results: The HRERS has good internal consistency (alpha=.91) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, .73) and represents a unidimensional construct. It correlated negatively with symptoms of depression (r=-.24, P<.01), higher ratings of denial of illness (r=-.30, P<.001), and self-rated negative affect (r=-.23, P<.01), and correlated positively with self-rated positive affect (r=.36, P<.001) and level of functioning 3 months postdischarge (r=.22, P<.01)., Conclusions: The HRERS is a valid and reliable measure of rehabilitation engagement that relates to intermediate-term functional outcomes.