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Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare mixed odontogenic tumor that may present with aggressive behavior and may have potential for malignant transformation. Despite its very well-established histopathologic patterns, AF may have different types of tissues that might affect the final diagnosis, treatment choices, and outcome. An 11-year-old female patient presented with a well-defined multilocular lesion related to the impacted left inferior second molar, which was submitted to incisional biopsy. At the microscopic analysis, mesenchymal (resembling dental papilla) and epithelial (resembling odontogenic epithelium and disposed in small nests and cords) proliferating components were observed, characterizing as AF. Moreover, cystic degenerations, clear cells, ameloblastoma-like nests, and an epithelial fragment with ghost cells resembling the calcifying odontogenic cyst lining were found. The patient underwent another incisional biopsy, but no additional unusual features were found. Thus, treatment was decided as the total removal of the lesion and long-term follow-up.

Oral lymphoepithelial cyst (OLC) is a rare developmental cyst of soft tissue. Clinically, OLC exhibits as a small and asymptomatic mass, with color ranging from rose to yellowish. OLC develops manly in floor of mouth and lateral and ventral surfaces of tongue. Based on this, we aimed to report a case of OLC in a young patient. A 17-year-old male patient presented a painless nodular aspect located in floor of mouth with a history of evolution of 2 months. Clinical hypothesis was ranula. Excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathologic analysis revealed a cystic cavity lined by keratinized stratified epithelium; cystic lumen showed desquamated epithelial cells. Cystic capsule was composed of connective tissue exhibiting numerous lymphocytes, sometimes arranged in germinal centers. Superficially, epithelium of oral mucosa was observed. Based on pathologic findings, final diagnosis was OLC. After 12 months of follow-up, no sign of recurrence was observed.

Condyloma acuminatum is induced disease by human papillomavirus that commonly affects the genital region and is rarely observed on oral mucosa. Pathogenesis is associated with sexual contact or trauma, and when it develops in children it can indicate sexual abuse. Based on this, we aimed to report a case of condyloma acuminatum in a child. A 9-year-old male patient clinically presented verrucous nodule, asymptomatic, with history of evolution of 18 months, measuring 1 cm, and localized in left side of lower lip. No signs of other lesions in the skin were present. Clinical hypothesis was squamous papilloma or condyloma acuminatum. Excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathologic analysis revealed hyperplasia of parakeratinized squamous epithelium, with exophytic projections exhibiting acanthosis and exocytosis. Clear cytoplasm cells, suggestive of koilocytosis, were also observed. Subjacent fibrovascular connective tissue was also seen. Based on histopathologic findings, final diagnosis was condyloma acuminatum. After 12 months of follow-up, no sign of recurrence was observed.

A 53-year-old male patient presented with an approximately 8-year history of an asymptomatic "blood blister" on the lower lip. Extraoral examination revealed a soft, purplish, lobulated swelling on the left side of the lower lip skin. Intraoral examination showed a well-defined, purplish stain and papules on the left lower lip and alveolar mucosa, measuring approximately 1.5 × 1.0 cm. The diagnostic hypothesis was vascular lesion, which was later confirmed by a positive diascopy result. Under local anesthesia, the patient was submitted to 2 clinical sessions of photocoagulation with high-intensity diode laser (Thera Lase Surgery; 808∼830 nm ± 20 nm, 2.5 W, defocused 2 mm beam in continuous mode). The postoperative course was uneventful. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient reported only mild sensitivity in the region. Clinical examination revealed fibrosis compatible with the tissue repair process without aesthetic or functional impairment.

An 11-year-old female patient complained of "a blister in the mouth." Intraoral examination evidenced a bullous lesion in the left mouth floor measuring approximately 4 cm with exophytic growing, bluish coloration, defined limits, soft consistency, smooth surface, and 5 days of evolution. Clinical diagnosis was ranula. Micromarsupialization was performed after infiltrative anesthesia, and surgical knots were made far from the mucosa by the interposition of a hemostatic clamp, forming fistulas originating from the epithelization around the thread, allowing salivary flow. In the transoperative period, there was immediate drainage of part of the content retained within the lesion, reducing its initial volume. Surgical knots were removed after 7 days, and the patient was followed up for 3 months. The lesion regressed entirely without signals of recurrence, ruling out the need of excision. Therefore, micromarsupialization stands as a conservative therapy for the treatment of ranulas and mucoceles of significant size.

A neurofibromatose tipo 1 é uma condição hereditária autossômica dominante caracterizada pela presença de tumores benignos na pele, alterações em sistema nervoso, ossos e glândulas endócrinas, e que pode ser acompanhada de leve retardo mental, convulsões, tumores malignos, displasia esquelética e desordem da pigmentação. O trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma paciente portadora de neurofibromatose tipo 1 com manifestação na cavidade oral, representada pela presença de extensa massa nodular na língua, além de fazer uma breve revisão dessa condição. Concluiu-se que, apesar de a neurofibromatose tipo 1 ser uma condição rara que pode apresentar manifestação na cavidade oral, é de extrema importância o seu conhecimento por parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas e da atuação de uma equipe multidisciplinar. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the presence of benign skin tumors, alterations in the nervous system, bones and endocrine glands. It may be followed by mild mental retardation, convulsions, malignant tumors, osseous dysplasia and abnormal pigmentation. The aim of this paper is not only to report the case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 with manifestation in the oral cavity, represented by the presence of a large nodular mass in the tongue, but also to undertake a brief review of this condition. The work concluded that, despite the fact that neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare condition, which may present manifestations in the oral cavity, its study is of paramount importance to dental surgeons and multidisciplinary groups.

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) is a rare benign neoplasm of odontogenic mesenchymal origin that accounts for approximately 4.7% of all odontogenic tumors. This article reports the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with a painless, reddish mass in the right vestibular mandibular gingiva between the second premolar and the first molar. Radiographic examination revealed small crestal bone loss in the region. Microscopic analysis revealed a tumor composed of cellular fibroblastic connective tissue intermingled with conspicuous islands and strands of apparently inactive odontogenic epithelium. The final diagnosis was POF. No clinical signs of recurrence were observed 22 months after surgical excision. POF may be clinically mistaken for other common gingival lesions, such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell lesion, and peripheral ossifying fibroma. Conservative local excision has been suggested as the treatment of choice for POF. However, in view of the paucity of information on the biological behavior and recurrence rate of this tumor, long-term follow-up of patients is mandatory.