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We present measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the elastic 2 H (d , d) d scattering process. The data were obtained using a 130 MeV polarized deuteron beam. Cross sections and spin observables of the elastic scattering process were measured at the AGOR facility at KVI using two independent setups, namely BINA and BBS. The data harvest at setups are in excellent agreement with each other and allowed us to carry out a thorough systematic analysis to provide the most accurate data in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at intermediate energies. The results can be used to confront upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights in the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed measurements of five-fold differential cross sections and a rich set of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the 2 H (d , d p) n break-up process using polarized deuteron-beam energy of 65 MeV/nucleon with a liquid-deuterium target are presented. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4 π -detection system. We discuss the analysis procedure including a thorough study of the systematic uncertainties. The results can be used to examine upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights into the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems. The results of coplanar configurations are compared with the results of recent theoretical calculations based on the Single-Scattering Approximation (SSA). Through these comparisons, the validity of SSA approximation is investigated in the Quasi-Free (QF) region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large set of cross-section data for the ¹H(d; pp)n breakup reaction was measured at 130 MeV deuteron beam energy with the Germanium Wall setup covering the range of very forward polar angles. In the investigated part of the phase-space, the dynamics is dominated by the Coulomb force influence. The data are compared with results of theoretical calculations based on the realistic Argonne V18 potential supplemented with the long-range electromagnetic component. The predictions also include the Urbana IX three nucleon force model. The cross-section data reveal seizable Coulomb force effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise and large sets of data for cross section, vector and tensor analyzing powers for the ¹H(d; pp)n breakup reaction were obtained in experiments carried out at KVI Groningen and FZ-Jülich at deuteron beam energies of 100MeV, 13MeV and 160MeV (cross sections only). These precise experimental data obtained in a wide phase-space region allowed to establish evidences for three-nucleon force contributions and to confirm predictions of sizable effect of the Coulomb force. The vector analyzing powers data are generally quite well described by theoretical predictions even with pure nucleon--nucleon interactions. Tensor analyzing powers can be also very well reproduced by calculations in most of the studied region but in some regions locally discrepancies are observed at energy of 130MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-nucleon system dynamics can be investigated quantitatively by comparing observables calculated with the use of Faddeev equations with results of precise measurements. Proper description of the experimental data can be achieved only if the dynamical models include, in addition to the nucleon-nucleon interaction, subtle effects of suppressed degrees of freedom, effectively introduced by means of genuine three-nucleon forces. A large set of high precision, exclusive cross-section data for the H(d,pp)n breakup reaction at 130 MeV contributes significantly to constrain the physical assumptions underlying the theoretical interaction models. Comparison of nearly 1,800 cross section data points with the predictions using nuclear interactions generated in various ways, allowed to establish importance of including both, the three-nucleon and the Coulomb forces to significantly improve the description of the whole data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision measurements of the proton-deuteron elastic and break-up reaction have been performed in the past at KVI and elsewhere with the aim to study three-nucleon force (3NF) effects. In the present work, we explored 3NF effects in the break-up scattering process by performing a measurement of vector analyzing powers and differential cross sections using a 135 MeV polarized-proton beam impinging on a liquid-deuterium target. For this study, we used a new experimental setup, Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis, BINA, which covers almost the entire kinematical phase space of the break-up reaction. The results are interpreted with the help of state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few-nucleon systems can be used as fundamental laboratories for studying details of the nuclear force effects. We performed a series of deuteron-deuteron scattering experiments at intermediate energies. The experiments exploited BINA and BBS experimental setups and polarized deuteron beams with kinetic energies of 65 and 90 MeV/nucleon. These experiments aim to measure differential cross sections, vector and tensor analyzing powers of all available reaction channels in deuteron-deuteron scattering. With these data we will provide a systematic database, which will be used to test present theoretical approximations and upcoming ab-initio calculations in four-nucleon system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large set of high precision cross sections, vector Ax, Ay and tensor Axx, Axy, Ayy analyzing powers for the $^1 H(\vec d, pp)n$ breakup reaction were measured at 130 MeV beam energy with the detection system covering a large part of the phase space. Results are compared with rigorous theoretical calculations employing various models of the three-nucleon system dynamics. The cross section data allowed to establish evidence for three-nucleon force contributions and to confirm predictions of sizable effect of the Coulomb force in the breakup reaction. Analyzing power data are generally quite well described by theoretical predictions even with pure NN interactions. However, in some regions discrepancies has been observed for tensor analyzing powers, only rarely cured by inclusion of the three nucleon force. This indicates incompletness of the present-day treatment of the spin part of three nucleon system dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of three-nucleon force (3NF) effects in break-up reactions has been carried out at KVI at several energies. In this article, the p + d → p + p + n reaction with a polarized-proton beam of 190 MeV will be discussed. The experiment was performed by exploiting a new detector called BINA. Some results for high-precision vector analyzing powers and differential cross sections are presented and compared with state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations with or without 3NF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High precision data for vector and tensor analyzing powers of the $${^1{\rm {H}}(\vec{\rm{d}},\rm{{pp}})\rm{n}}$$ breakup reaction at 130 and 100 MeV deuteron beam energies have been measured in a large fraction of the phase space. They are compared to the theoretical predictions based on various approaches to describe the three nucleon (3N) system dynamics. Theoretical predictions describe very well the vector analyzing power data, with no need to include any three-nucleon force effects for these observables. Tensor analyzing powers can be also very well reproduced by calculations in most of the studied region, but locally certain discrepancies are observed. At 130 MeV for A such discrepancies usually appear, or are enhanced, when model 3N forces are included. Predicted effects of 3NFs are much lower at 100 MeV and at this energy equally good consistency between the data and the calculations is obtained with or without 3NFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers for the p + d → p + d reaction have been measured using a new experimental setup (BINA) at KVI. The data are compared with published results and are found to be significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algebraic hyperstructures theory is a natural extension of the classical algebraic structures . Because of importance and new viewpoints in this theory, we try to apply this theory to the elementary particle physics and nuclear physics presenting the definitions and the concepts of the algebraic hyperstructures. In this work we intend to use this new branch of mathematics to describe the interaction between leptons in the elementary particle physics and the fusion processes in the nuclear physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an experiment with a 65 MeV/nucleon polarized deuteron beam on a liquid-deuterium target at Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, several multibody final states in deuteron-deuteron scattering were identified. For these measurements, a unique and advanced detection system, called the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis, was utilized. We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring vector and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron break-up reaction leading to a three-body final state. The polarization observables were determined with high precision in a nearly background-free experiment. The analysis procedure and some results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Precision data are presented for the break-up reaction, , within the framework of nuclear-force studies. The experiment was carried out at KVI using a polarized-proton beam of 190 MeV impinging on a liquid-deuterium target and by exploiting the detector, BINA. Some of the vector-analyzing powers are presented and compared with state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations including three-nucleon forces effect. Significant discrepancies between the data and theoretical predictions were observed for kinematical configurations which correspond to the channel. These results are compared to the reaction to test the isospin sensitivity of the present three-nucleon force models. The current modeling of two and three-nucleon forces is not sufficient to describe consistently polarization data for both isospin states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Extensive studies of three-nucleon force (3NF) effects in elastic proton-deuteron scattering have been performed at KVI and elsewhere in the past. In the present work, we explored 3NF effects in the break-up scattering process by performing high precision measurement of vector analyzing powers and differential cross sections using a 190 MeV polarized-proton beam on a liquid deuterium target. The experiment was performed by exploiting a new detector called Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis, BINA. Its unique design enables coverage of almost the complete reaction phase space. Preliminary differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers are presented and results are compared with state-of-the-art three-nucleon calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]