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Myxobolus burl Egusa, 1985, is a well-documented myxosporean parasite that causes the scoliosis of cultured yellowtail Serbia quinqueradiata. A similar parasite has been described as Myxobolus acanthogobbb Hoshina, 1952, from the brain of the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus, although this parasite is not associated with skeletal abnormalities in host fish. The present study aimed to re-examine the identification of these two parasites by morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characteristics (e.g. presence of the intercapsular processes and several folds on the sutural ridges) and spore dimensions were not distinguishable between the two species and were consistent with those in the original descriptions. Molecular analysis indicated that small subunit rRNA gene sequences shared 100% identity between the two parasites. Consequently, it can be concluded that M. buri is synonymous with M. acanthogobii, and thus this parasite can be reassigned as M. acanthogobii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]