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To find out how carbon performance and disclosure practices affects corporate's financial performance, this study investigates its non-linear influence on financial performance by considering non-financial 100 businesses that are listed on National Stock Exchange 200 Index in India for the consecutive 12 years, i.e., from 2010 to 2021. It employs two indicators of environmental-related information like carbon performance which is measured in terms of greenhouse gas reduction, and disclosure practices which is measured in terms of environmental disclosure score. It uses the dynamic panel data regression analysis technique to estimate the parameters. The empirical outcomes show an obvious non-linear impact of carbon performance on corporate financial performance, which is proxied by Tobin's Q. This indicates that at the initial stage, carbon performance decreases financial performance, but later on, further increase in the carbon performance is found to improve corporates financial performance in the long duration. But, in case of disclosure practices it shows no effect on market-based economic performance, i.e., Tobin's Q. Therefore, the study recommends the investors to be courageous and patience because carbon performance will decrease financial performance at the lower level, but can give benefits in the long run. This paper also suggests the regulators to incorporate environmental standards, and introduce severe forfeits for ecological wrongdoers with the aim of enhancing companies' environmental disclosure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to focus to ascertain the consequence of corporate management and different firms' characteristics on environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The sample includes 78 non-financial NSE 100 listed companies from 2010 to 2020. Here, the static and Arellano–Bond dynamic panel data model is considered to determine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms and different firms' characteristics on environmental performance. Findings: The empirical findings of this study indicate that board size is negatively related with environmental sustainability. Similarly a positive influence of age, size and market-based financial performance can be seen on sustainability of the firm. Originality/value: The present study takes an initiative to determine endogeneity and the dynamism effect of corporate governance factors and specific firms' characteristics on environmental sustainability from an emergent nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Taking hints from the lacunas in the field of ownership structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of the firms in India, especially when the moderating effect of certain corporate governance mechanism comes into play, this study aims to attempt to fulfill the gap by exploring the ownership structure of the firm (i.e. foreign ownership, institutional ownership and government ownership) and the CSR performance of the firm, when moderated by board independence of the firm. In an additional analysis, the study explores the non-linear effect of foreign ownership structure on the CSR performance in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach: The study incorporates a strongly balanced panel data set of 280 non-financial National Stock Exchange 500 listed firms for the study period of 2013–2019. The study uses both static and Arellano–Bond dynamic panel model under generalized method of moments (GMMs) framework to establish the relationship between the studied variables. Findings: The study acknowledges a positive impact of the foreign investors in the CSR performance of Indian firms with a higher proportion of independent directors on the board. The study further finds a contrarian role of government ownership in Indian context among the sampled firms. The study also in its extended analysis finds a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between foreign ownership (FO) and the CSR performance, which shows that FO positively impacts the CSR performance until a threshold level of 34% after which the curve starts declining. Practical implications: One of the major implications this study provides for the corporate policymakers is that the firms with a string penchant for philanthropic activities such as CSR should be concerned with attracting more foreign investors in their shareholding. Also, a higher proportion of independent directors on the board boost the engagement of the firm in CSR works. Originality/value: The moderating effect of board independence in the ownership structure–CSR relationship attempted by this study is a rare attempt in a developing economy, such as India, and offers a fresh dimension to the study. Also, the non-linearity relationship between FO and the CSR performance and the threshold level providing the twofold effect of the variables is an innovative research attempt, especially in regard to a developing country like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]