Search

The present study investigates the effect of public–private partnership investment in energy and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, taking into account the critical role of economic growth and trade openness in Pakistan from 1992 to 2019. The linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag models are employed to check the co-integration link between dependent and independent variables, further estimate short-run and long-run associations, and examine the symmetric and asymmetric effects of public–private partnership investment in energy on CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The empirical findings show that public–private partnership investment in energy reduces environmental quality by increasing CO2 emissions. Similarly, economic development and trade openness harms the atmosphere by raising CO2 emissions. On the other hand, renewable energy consumption significantly negatively affects CO2 emissions. In addition, the findings also authenticate the asymmetric link between public–private partnership investment in energy and the environment, as CO2 emissions are caused mainly by positive shocks in public–private partnership investment in energy in the short and long run. This study proposes financing renewable energy projects through public–private partnership is needed for an environmentally friendly future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel research looked into the role of public-private partnership investment in energy in affecting Pakistan's long-term environmental sustainability. Employing time series data from 1992 to 2018 and utilizing the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) model, we found a long-term equilibrium association of ecological footprint with public-private partnership investment in energy, technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness. Our outcomes showed a significant positive association between public-private partnership investment in energy and ecological footprint in the long-run and the short-run, specifying that the increase in public-private partnership investment in energy affects the environmental sustainability of Pakistan. Similarly, our study confirmed that technological innovation, economic growth, and trade openness increase the ecological footprint in Pakistan. It demonstrates that these factors are unfavorable to the sustainable environment in Pakistan. Furthermore, robustness check findings are analogous to the results of ARDL estimates, utilizing dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares. On the basis of the research conclusions, a multi-pronged sustainable development goal (SDG) model was proposed that addresses SDG 8 and SDG 13 while incorporating SDG 17 as a medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]